Kungenzeka yini into ethatha imizuzwana kuphela ingakugcina unempilo kule nkathi? Ngokusho kwe-US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), i-Health Canada, namanye ama-ejensi ezempilo zomphakathi emhlabeni wonke, yilokho okushiwo umshwalense wakho waminyaka yonke. Futhi uma ungaphezu kweminyaka engu-50, bathi bayadinga lokhu kugonywa. Kungani?
Abantu abaneminyaka engama-50 (ikakhulukazi labo abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65) babhekwa njengengozi enkulu yezinkinga ezibangelwa umkhuhlane , njengalabo abakwezinye izinhlangano ezibeka engcupheni njengabesifazane abakhulelwe, abantu bazo zonke ubudala abanezimo eziqhubekayo zezokwelapha ezifana ne-chronic obstructive pulmonary izifo ( COPD ), isifo senhliziyo, isifo sikashukela noma i-asthma, kanye nabasebenzi bezempilo.
Ukugoma komkhuhlane kubhekwa njengendlela engcono kakhulu futhi ephumelelayo kakhulu yokuzivikela wena-nalabo oxhumana nabo-kusukela kumkhuhlane.
Kuyini Umkhuhlane?
Umkhuhlane, noma "umkhuhlane" wesikhashana, ukugula okuphefumula kakhulu okubangelwa yizifo ezithathelwana emoyeni lapho umuntu ehlambalaza noma ekhwehlela, noma ngokuxhumana nento okuthiwa igciwane, njengombambo wesicabha noma ucingo. Igciwane lomkhuhlane lingaphila amahora amaningi emoyeni, ngokusho kweNational Institute on Aging.
Yize kulula ukuphutha ukushisa okukhulu komkhuhlane, izimpawu zokuhweba zomkhuhlane zifaka umkhuhlane, ikhanda, ukukhwehlela, nezinhlungu ezinzima nezinhlungu. Ukukhathala okukhulu, kanye nokukhathala okujwayelekile kuze kube amasonto amathathu, kubuye kuvame. Izinkinga ezifana ne-bronchitis kanye ne-pneumonia zingaholela esibhedlela noma ngisho nasekufeni.
Uyini Umgomo Wokugula?
Unyaka ngamunye umuthi wokugoma omusha noma ukudubula udalwe, ngokusekelwe ezinconyweni ze- epidemiologists nezinye izazi zesifo ezivela ku-CDC, i-US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), i-World Health Organization (WHO), nabanye.
Idatha evela kuma laboratories angaphezu kuka-100 e-influenza, emazweni angaphezu kwekhulu, ahlaziywa.
Ngonyaka ka-spring, ithimba lamazwe ngamazwe linquma ukuthi ama-virus amathathu aphezulu angabangela umkhuhlane ekuwindeni okuzayo nangenkathi yokushisa ebusika. Ngezinye izikhathi umgomo uhlanganisa igciwane elifanayo ngonyaka odlule; ngezinye izikhathi umgomo uhloselwe ukulwa namagciwane amathathu omusha.
Ukuphumelela komkhuhlane odutshulwa kunoma yimuphi unyaka owuncike kuzoxhomekeka ukuthi ngabe ama-virus amathathu akhethwe umgomo ahambisana namafomu avame kakhulu abambelele emphakathini, kanye neminyaka kanye nempilo yonke yabantu abadutshulwa. Uma umuntu omdala ene-immune system, ukuzivikela kwabo ngamagciwane omgomo ngeke kube namandla, noma kunjalo.
I-Flu Isongela Kubantu Abadala
Abantu asebekhulile babhekana nezinkinga ezihlobene nokubhebhetheka komkhuhlane kunezincane, abadala abadala. I-CDC ilinganisela ukuthi e-United States, abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 babhalela abaningi-amaphesenti angama-90-okushona ngenxa yesifo. Ngaphezu kwengxenye (amaphesenti angama-60) okubhedlela izifo zomkhuhlane ziyiziguli ezinkampanini efanayo.
Ngenkathi abantu abaningi beminyaka yonke bephulukana ngokugcwele nomkhuhlane, lesi sifo sinengozi kakhulu kumuntu osuvele ephethe isifo esingapheli. Isibonelo, umkhuhlane ungase uholele ekuhlaselweni okwengeziwe kwe- asthma , kungabangela ubunzima bokuphefumula kumuntu onesifo esingapheli samaphaphu noma ukuwohloka kwesimo senhliziyo njengokungathi ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo .
Amacala amabi kakhulu akwenzeka kubantu abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65. Kodwa, amaCenter for Control and Prevention aphinde ancoma umkhuhlane wadutshulwa kunoma ubani okhulile kunama-50 noma kunoma ngubani okhangayo umuntu kule nkathi yobudala.
Ngabe I-Flu Hit?
Iningi lama-influenza amacala avela phakathi kukaNovemba no-Ephreli, kanti izigameko zihamba phambili ngoJanuwari noma ngoFebhuwari.
Ukuhlushwa kwemfudu nokungavikeleki
Uma usuphethe ukuguquka komkhuhlane, kuthatha cishe amasonto amabili ukuze kusebenze ngokugcwele. Umuthi wokugoma waminyaka yonke unconywa ngokuqinile ngoba ukuzivikela kumagciwane kuncike ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi ngoba amagciwane amasha okugoma angahle akhethwe ukuba abe yingxenye yonyaka wesifo sofuba.
I-Fluzone High-Dose
Lo mgomo wokushisa umkhuhlane uqukethe izikhathi ezine i-antigen noma umuthi wokugoma wokushiswa komkhuhlane ovamile futhi utholakala kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65. Umthamo ophakeme uhlose ukubuyisela impendulo yokunciphisa ingculazi emthonjeni kanye nobude obufushane ukuzivikela ngemuva kokugoma, okuvame ukuhambisana nokukhula.
E-US, izinkampani eziningi zomshuwalense zimboza izindleko zokushona komkhuhlane. E-Canada, izifundazwe kanye nezindawo zithatha ukuthi ngabe umgomo uzohlinzekwa mahhala kubahlali bawo.
Imithombo:
Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo (CDC). Ishidi Lokwaziswa Lomphakathi.
http://www.cdc.gov/Features/FLU/
Flu - Thola Shot. I-US NIH National Institute on Aging Information Public Sheet.
http://www.nia.nih.gov/health/publication/flu-get-shot
Izimpawu Zemfudu Nokucindezeleka. Isikhungo seNIH sikazwelonke sokungezwani komzimba nezifo ezithathelwanayo.
http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/flu/understandingflu/Pages/sympComp.aspx
Abakudala kanye nokuDlulela koMkhuhlane. UMnyango WezeMpilo wase-US kanye Nezinsizakalo Zabantu. Ishidi Lokwaziswa Lomphakathi.
http://www.cdc.gov/flu/about/disease/65over.htm