U-Lujo Ufana Kanjani Namanye Ama-Viral Syndromes Njengo-Ebola?
Sibutsetelo
Izifo eziningi zihlukile ekufinyeleleni kwazo kanye nemiphumela, futhi asizwa ngaso sonke isikhathi ngabo. Ngenkathi sesizwile mayelana nokuqubuka kwe-Ebola, isibonelo, kunezifo ezithatha abantu abaningi kune- Ebola . I-TB yathatha abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-1.5 ngo-2015. I-HIV yathatha cishe abangaba yizigidi ezingu-1.2 ngonyaka wezi-2015. Ukugula ngengculaza kuthatha abantu abangaba ngu-400 000 ngo-2015.
Kunamanye amagciwane angakwazi ukusabalala ngokusheshisa futhi ngokushesha kune-Ebola.
Lezi zingasakazeka ezibhedlela nasemoyeni, njengemfuluwenza, noma ngokudla, njenge- salmonella , noma imfuyo, njenge- Fever Valley Fever . Zikhona ezinye ezibangelwa amagciwane omzimba we-viral (VHFs).
I-VHF, nakuba ichazwe njenge-hemorrhagic, ngokuvamile ayibangeli ukuphuma kwegazi. Ukuphuma kwegazi okwenzekayo kungenziwa kusuka ku-IV, kusuka ekhaleni noma emlonyeni, noma ngokuhlanza nokululaza kalula. Lezi amagciwane zihlanganisa iCrimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever, Lassa , Nipah , neMarburg , kanye negciwane elibulalayo elinomuntu oyedwa kuphela kwabahlanu abawaziwayo: uLujo.
Kuyini uLujo?
ULujo angasho ukunethezeka ngeSpanishi, kodwa leli gciwane libizwa ngokuthi yizinhlamvu ezimbili zokuqala zamadolobha amabili okuqala lapho kubonakala khona-eLusaka naseGoli.
Njengoba kukhonjisiwe, uLujo ungumkhuhlane we-viral hemorrhagic, okuyiqembu lama-viral syndromes okuholela emiphumeleni nasekukhuleni. U-Lujo uhlobene ne-Lassa Fever-yi-Arenavirus efana ne-Lassa.
ULujo uqala ukudala ukugula okuncane nge-fever, ikhanda, kanye nama-muscle aches.
Kungabangela ukuqhuma (ngezinye izikhathi kubomvu njengosimungumzimba) ebusweni, esifubeni, nasesisu. Ingaholela ebusweni nasezintweni ukuvuvukala, kanye nomphimbo obuhlungu. Abanye bayoba nesifo sohudo. Isiguli singase sibonakale sengathi siphucula, kodwa sibone izimpawu ezinzima njengokuphefumula, ukudideka, ukwehliswa, nokucindezelwa kwegazi okuphansi.
Njengama-VHF amaningi, ngokuvamile akulona ukuphuma kwegazi okuningi.
Emva kokuthola igciwane, ngokuvamile kuthatha amasonto amabili ukugula. Ukugula kuqala kancane. Ngeshwa, noma kunjalo, igciwane alikho umphumela omuhle. Iningi labantu abathole igciwane lafa phakathi nezinsuku ezingu-10 ukuya emavikini amabili.
Izindawo ezisengozini
Naphezu komphumela ongathandeki, iningi labantu abaningi emhlabeni alikho engozini. Igciwane liye labonakala kuphela eNingizimu Afrika. Icala lokuqala lenzeke eZambia; isiguli esibi kakhulu sabe sesiswa eNingizimu Afrika lapho igciwane lisakazwa esibhedlela kulabo abanakekeli.
Indlela Esakaba ngayo
Igciwane, elifingqiwe njenge-LUJV, lisakazeka kubantu ngabanye esibhedlela, mhlawumbe ngokuxhumana nomzimba wamanzi. Njengoba sekukhona amacala ambalwa kakhulu, asazi yonke imininingwane yokuthi kungenzeka kangakanani ukusakaza phakathi kwabantu.
Icala lokuqala liholele ekutheleleni kwiphilisiki eyamsiza; ngokuhamba kwesikhathi abathathu ababandakanyekile ekuhlanzeni kanye / noma ukuhlengikala esibhedlela nabo baphinde bahlaselwa.
Ngaphandle kwezibhedlela, asazi ngempela. Kucatshangwa ukuthi kusakazwa ngokuxhumana namagundane, kufana neLassa. Kungenzeka ukuthi umuntu kufanele athathe i-rodent, noma droppings noma umchamo.
Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi umuntu angaphefumula egazini, ikakhulukazi uma othile ekhuphuka noma ehlanza isidleke se-rodent noma ama-droppings.
Ukwelapha
I-mainstay yokwelapha "ukunakekelwa okusekelayo." Lokhu kusho ukuqiniseka ukuthi isiguli:
- i-hydrated, noma ngokuphuza noma nge-IV fluids
- unemithi yokugcina ukucindezelwa kwegazi kuphakeme ngokwanele uma amanzi akwanele
- kunokusiza ukuphefumula, ne-oksijini emakhaleni noma emlonyeni wabo, ngokusebenzisa imishini ewasiza ukuba baphefumule, noma ngokusebenzisa izibhamu ngomshini 'ongaziphefumula'
- ikhululekile-ngemithi yokwelashwa, ukukhathazeka, noma ukugujwa njengoba kudingeka
- inezingozi zokuphuma kwegazi ezincishisiwe (ngokukhetha ngokucophelela imithi nokunciphisa ingozi yokulimala)
- inegazi, okungenzeka, uma kudingeka
Kungase kube nendima eminye imithi. I-ribavirin yezidakamizwa isetshenziswa eLassa. Kwakusetshenziselwa kuphela isiguli esasinda eLujo.
Ukunakekelwa kwemifudu ye-arenavirus enegazi le-convalescent yokwelashwa kwe-plasma kunciphisa ukushona ngokuphawulekayo kanye nobufakazi obunamaqiniso obuvela kuLujo isiguli esisodwa esisodwa esibonisa ukuthi izidakamizwa ze-ribavirin zingabamba isithembiso ekuphatheni i-LUHF. I-Ribavirin iye yacatshangelwa ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo kubantu abavezwe kwezinye i-arnavirus.
Isilinganiso sokusinda
Asazi kahle. Lokho esikwaziyo ukuthi abantu abane kwabangu-5 basulelekile bafa, naphezu kokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha. Isiguli sesihlanu-sokuqala nokuphela kokusinda-sasiphathwa nge-ribavirin ekuqaleni kwesikhathi.
Kungenzeka yini ukuthi omunye umuntu asakaze i-Virus Ngemuva Kokuthola Okungcono?
Njengoba sibonile nezinye izifo, njengeZika ne-Ebola, ukuphuma kwamanzi emzimbeni kungakwazi ukuhlala kungeneleleki emva kokuba izimpawu ziphelile. Labo abanegciwane lesandulela ngculazi bangakwazi ukuchitha igciwane kumchamo noma emaseni. Kungenzeka nokuthi uLujo angase abe nomngcipheko wezakhamuzi eziphululiwe.
Izimpawu
Amaplatelet aphansi egazi, isibalo esincane segazi esimhlophe (ekuqaleni, ukukhuphuka kamuva) kanye namanani asebenzayo ephakeme wesibindi ayekhona kuzo zonke iziguli.
Njengoba i-arenavirus ingangena ebantwaneni ngokusebenzisa ukutheleleka komama, futhi ubufakazi bokuthi u-anecdotal bubonisa ukuthi abesifazane abathintekayo abanegciwane bangase bahlupheke, kunengqondo ukucabanga ukuthi kokubili ukutheleleka kwe-fetus nokukhulelwa kwesisu kungahambisana nokutheleleka kukaLujo kumama.
Ukuxilongwa
Ngenxa yokuthi bambalwa abatholakali, uLujo ngokuvamile akacatshangwa.
Ngesikhathi sesigaba se-febrile esiyingozi, i-virus ye-Lujo yayihlukaniswe negazi kusukela ezinsukwini ezimbili kuya kwezingu-13 emva kokuqala. I-Virus nayo yayingenasisindo somuthi wesibindi esitholwe ngemva kokufa. Ukuhlaziywa kohlobo oluphelele lwe-genomic lwe-Lujo virus kwasiza ekuthuthukiseni izilinganiso ezithile ze-molecular detection (RT-PCR).
Ukuxilongwa kwe-serologic ye-Lujo esiswini somkhuhlane kungenziwa yi-indirect immunofluorescent test and ELISA. Kodwa-ke, abantu abavela ezindaweni eziphilayo ezibonisa imfiva, ukuqhuma, i-pharyngitis, okuhambisana nokutholakala kwe-laboratory yezibalo eziphansi ze-platelet kanye ne-enzyme ephakeme yesibindi, kufanele kube nokusola ukuthi kune-infection egazini yegciwane lesifo somkhuhlane. Izibonelo zemithi kufanele zihlolwe besebenzisa izilinganiso ezithile.
> Imithombo:
> CDC. Lujo Hemorrhagic Fever (LUHF). http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/lujo/