Ukwelashwa Kwesifo Se-Alzheimer's

Ukwelashwa Kwesifo Se-Alzheimer's

Ukuxilongwa kungaphakathi, futhi yisifo se-Alzheimer's . Ungase uzwe ukwesaba, ukukhungathekile, ukukhululeka, noma kungenzeka nje ungafuni ukukholelwa. Ngakho manje yini? Nakuba kungekho ukwelashwa kwe-Alzheimer ngalesi sikhathi, kunezindlela eziningi zokwelapha izimpawu . Izinketho zokwelashwa zibandakanya ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa kanye nezindlela ezingezona izidakamizwa, njengokuguqulwa kokuziphatha nokuziphatha kwemvelo.

Ukwelashwa Kwezidakamizwa Izimpawu Zokuqonda

Izithuthukisi ezingqondweni ziyimithi ezama ukunciphisa ukuqhubeka kwezimpawu ze- Alzheimer .

Nakuba le mithi ibonakala ithuthukisa izinqubo zokucabangela kwabanye abantu, jikelele ukusebenza kahle kuyahluka kakhulu. Izithuthukisi zokuqonda kufanele zihlolwe njalo ngemiphumela emibi kanye nokusebenzisana neminye imithi.

Izigaba ezimbili zemithi ziye zavunyelwa yi-US Food and Drug Administration ukuphathwa kwezibonakaliso zokuqaphela ze-Alzheimer's. Zibandakanya i-cholinesterase inhibitors kanye nabaphikisi be-N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA).

• Ingabe I-Depotote Kufanele Isetshenziselwe Ukwelapha Ukukhathazeka Nge-Alzheimer's?

• Ingabe I-Snoezelen Therapy Iyasiza Eziguleni Zase-Alzheimer?

I-Class 1: I-Cholinesterase Inhibitors

Ama-inhibitors we-cholineterase enza ngokuvimbela ukwehla kwe-acetylcholine ebuchosheni. I-Acetylcholine iyimakhemikhali ekhuthaza ukukhulumisana kwe-cell nerve ezindaweni zokukhumbula , ukufunda, kanye nezinye izinqubo zokucabanga. Ucwaningo lwezesayensi seluthole amazinga aphansi e-acetylcholine ebuchotsheni babantu abane-Alzheimer's, ngakho-ke ithemba liwukuthi ngokuvikela noma ukwandisa amazinga e-acetylcholine ngokusebenzisa le mithi, ukusebenza kobuchopho kuzozinza noma kuthuthuke.

Abacwaningi balinganisela ukuthi cishe amaphesenti angu-50 abantu abane-Alzheimers abayithatha inhibitors ye-cholinesterase, ukuqhubeka kwezimpawu ze-Alzheimer kuyashesha isikhathi esiyizinyanga eziyisithupha kuya kwezingu-12.

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zemithi yokuvimbela i-cholinesterase njengamanje evunyelwe futhi enqunyelwe ukuphatha isifo se-Alzheimer:

• I-Aricept (donepezil) : Kuvunyelwe ukuba i-Alzheimer emnene , elinganisiwe , futhi enamandla
• I-Exelon (rivastigmine) : Yavunyelwe ukuba i-Alzheimer ibe mncane ukulinganisa
• I-Razadyne (galantamine): Kuvunyelwe ukuba i-Alzheimer ibe mncane ukulinganisa

Inothi, i-Cognex (i-tacrine) ngaphambili yayivunyelwe i-FDA ukuze i-Alzheimer ibe mncane ukulinganisa; Kodwa-ke, akuthengiswa umenzi walo ngoba kubangele imiphumela emibi kakhulu.

I-Class 2: N-Methyl D-Aspartate (NMDA) I-Antagonists

I-Namenda (i-memantine) yiyona kuphela izidakamizwa kuleli klasi, futhi ivunyelwe ukuba i-Moderate ibe i-Alzheimer enamandla. I-Namenda ibonakala isebenza ngokulawula ama- glutamate (ama-amino acid) ebuchosheni. Amazinga avamile we-glutamate enza kube lula ukufunda, kodwa i-glutatmate kakhulu ingabangela ukuba amangqamuzana ebuchopho afe.

I-Namenda iye yaphumelela ngandlela-thile ekubambezelekeni kwezimpawu zesifo se-alzheimer kamuva.

Izidakamizwa ezihlanganisiwe

Ngonyaka we-2014, i-FDA ivume uNamzaric, okuyinto inhlanganisela ye-factpezil kanye nomuthi owodwa wokumemeza kusuka ekilasini ngalinye ngenhla.

Ikhethwe ukulingana nesifo esinzima se-Alzheimer's.

Ukwelashwa Kwezidakamizwa Izimpawu Zokuziphatha, Izinqondo Nezimo Zomzwelo (BPSD)

Imithi ye-Psychotropic isetshenziswa ngezikhathi ezithile ukuphatha izimpawu zokuziphatha, ezingokwengqondo nezomzwelo zesifo se-Alzheimer's. Lezi zimpawu zingabandakanya ukucindezeleka ngokomzwelo , ukucindezeleka, ukukhathazeka , ukulala , ukucabangela , nokuhlaselwa , kanye nokuziphatha okuyinselele , ngakho-ke ukubaluleka ekuziqapheleni nasekuphatheni kubalulekile.

Isigaba semithi ye-psychotropic inezinkinga zokuvimbela ukucindezeleka, imishanguzo yokulwa nokukhathazeka, i- antipsychotics , i- mood stabilizers , kanye nemithi yokulala (okuthiwa ngezinye izikhathi ngokuthi amaphilisi okulala noma hypnotics ). Le mithi ingasebenza kodwa ingase ibangele imiphumela emibi kakhulu. I-Psychotropics ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ngokuhambisana nezinye izindlela ezingezona izidakamizwa noma emva kokuzama izindlela zokwelashwa ezingezona izidakamizwa nokuzithola zingeneli.

Izindlela ezingezona izidakamizwa zokuziphatha, izimo zengqondo nezemizwelo

Izindlela ezingezona izidakamizwa zigxile ekwelapheni izimpawu zokuziphatha, ezingokwengqondo nezomzwelo ze-Alzheimer ngokushintsha indlela esiyiqonda ngayo nokuxhumana nomuntu ono-Alzheimer's.

Lezi zindlela zibona ukuthi ukuziphatha ngokuvamile kuyindlela yokuxhumana kulabo abane-Alzheimer's. Umgomo weziindlela ezingezona izidakamizwa ukuqonda incazelo yokuziphatha okuyinselele nokuthi kungani bekhona.

Izindlela ezingezona izidakamizwa kufanele zivivinywe ngaphambi kokusebenzisa imishanguzo ye-psychotropic, ngoba ayinayo imiphumela emibi noma imithi yokusebenzisana.

• Ukuhlola Ukuziphatha

Thola ukuziphatha okuthile bese uqaphela lokho okubonakala kubangela ukuziphatha . Isibonelo, uma ishaxa senza ukuba othandekayo wakho agxumeke , zama ukugeza. Noma uzame ukunikeza ishaja ngesikhathi esithile sosuku. Esikhundleni sokusebenzisa imithi uma othile ecasukile noma ecasulayo, indlela engeyona yezidakamizwa izama ukuqonda ukuthi kungani ingase idangele . Mhlawumbe kudingeka basebenzise indlu yokugezela, bebuhlungu , noma bacabanga ukuthi balahlekelwe okuthile. Qaphela ukuthi kwenzekani ngaphambi kokuziphatha, zama okuhlukile ngesikhathi esizayo, bese ulandelela imiphumela.

• Ukwelashwa kokuqinisekisa

Ungavame ukugwema ukuziphatha okuphazamisa ukuziphatha ngokushintsha isimo sakho siqu.

• Ingabe i-Mood Stabilizers iyakusiza ukunciphisa ukufutheka nokucindezela ku-dementia?

• UkuFundela kugcizelela indlela ye-MEND yokuguqula izifo ze-Alzheimer's

Isibonelo, uma othandekayo wakho ecela ukubona umama wakhe (okungenzeka ukuthi ushonele iminyaka eminingi), mcele ukuthi akutshele ngaye, kunokuba amphoqe ukuba abhekane nokufa kukamama wakhe. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi-validation therapy , futhi kungasebenza kakhulu ekunciphiseni umuntu othukuthele.

• Imisebenzi enenjongo

Abantu abaphila nokuphefumula komzimba bangase babe nomuzwa wokuthi banesizungu noma bezithukuthele ngezinye izikhathi, futhi bangase bangakwazi ukuzwakala ngokucacile le mizwa. Ukunikeza amathuba okuzibandakanya nabanye emphakathini, ukwenza imisebenzi ejwayelekile njengokuhlela amaphepha noma ukugeza izitsha, noma ukucula kanye nezingoma zabo ezizithandayo kungathuthukisa imizwelo futhi kunciphise imizwa yokuphumula nokukhungatheka.

• Ukuzivocavoca umzimba

Ngezinye izikhathi, ukuziphatha okunzima noma ukukhathazeka kubantu abaphila nokuphefumula komzimba kungumphumela wokungatholi umsebenzi owenziwe ngokomzimba. Ukuvuka nokuhamba, ukuhlanganyela ekilasini lomsebenzi we-aerobic, noma ukwenza ezinye izindlela zokulula kungasiza ukuhlangabezana nalesi sidingo.

• Yazi Okufanele Ukulindele

Izwi elijwayelekile elithi "ulwazi namandla" liyiqiniso lapha. Ukwazi ukuthi yini ongayilindela njengoba ukuqhubeka kwe-Alzheimer kungakusiza ukuba uqonde ukuziphatha futhi uqaphele umthombo wayo njengesifo, kunokuba umuntu aphile. Lokhu kungabonisa ububele obuningi futhi kunciphise ukukhungatheka.

Izindlela ezingezona izidakamizwa zokusebenza komqondo

Ezinye izindlela ezingezona izidakamizwa zibhekisela ekusebenzeni kwengqondo yomuntu one-Alzheimer's disease. Isibonelo, ukuzivocavoca umzimba- ngaphezu kokuhlangabezana nezidingo kanye nokunciphisa okunye okuphathelene nezimpawu zokuziphatha noma ngokomzwelo ekudemeni kwengqondo-kunethuba lokuthuthukisa ukuqonda kwabanye abantu. Ngokufanayo, ukuhlala ngokwengqondo kuye kwabonakala kuwusizo ekugcineni imemori namakhono okucabanga enesifo sengqondo somqondo. Nakuba lezi zindlela zingelapheki isifo se-Alzheimer's, zingase zinikeze inzuzo ethile.

Ukwelashwa Okuphelele Nezinye

Njengoba imishanguzo inenzuzo encane ekwelapheni i-Alzheimer, abaningi baye baphendukela kwezinye izindlela zokwelapha . Ijaji lisekhona kulezi zinqubo eziningi, futhi ucwaningo luqhubeka. Abanye abantu baye babika ukuthuthukiswa kokwaziswa ngezokwelapha ezifana namafutha kakhukhunathi , kodwa ucwaningo lusalindele ukusebenza kwalo.

Uma unesithakazelo ekuvikeleni ukwelashwa okuncintisayo noma okunye, kufanele uxoxe nabo nodokotela wakho, ngoba abanye banakho ukuxhumana neminye imithi noma bangabangela imiphumela emibi kakhulu.

Izivivinyo zemitholampilo

Kunezinkinga eziningi zokwelapha eziqhubekayo ezilawulwa ngokuqinile ukuze zivivinye ukwelashwa okusha kwesifo se-Alzheimer's. Ezinye izilingo zivulekile futhi ziqasha abantu abane-Alzheimer noma ezinye izinhlobo zokudemuka kwengqondo ukuze bahlanganyele kuzo. Uhlu oluphelele lwezilingo zomtholampilo lungatholakala ku-clinicaltrials.gov.

Imibuzo Yokubuza Udokotela Wakho

Ukufunda nge-Alzheimer's disease kungase kuzwe kunzima ngezikhathi ezithile. Ngenxa yalokhu, lapho uhlangana nodokotela wakho, kungase kube usizo ukuba nemibuzo ibhalwe phansi ngaphambi kokuqokwa. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukubuza mayelana nanoma yiziphi izinyathelo ezichazwe ngenhla ukuthi unesithakazelo ekuphishekeleni, kunokuba uzizame wena wedwa.

Ungangabazi ukubuza udokotela wakho ngezinqumo ezithile, njengokuthi uhlala uphephile ukushayela imoto noma uhlale wedwa . Udokotela wakho anganikeza ukuhlolwa okuhlosweyo kwamandla akho okuqhubeka ngokuphepha ngalezi zenzo, kanye nokuncoma izinsiza zomphakathi ezingakusiza, njengezinhlangano zokunakekelwa kwezempilo ekhaya noma amaqembu asekela i-Alzheimer.

Ukwengeza, uma unenkinga yezibonakaliso ezinjengokungabikho kokukhathazeka okukhulu, ukukhathazeka, noma ukucabangela , lokhu kufanele kukhulunywe nodokotela wakho. Angase agxile ekuhloleni amakhono akho okuqonda (ukucabanga nokukhumbula amakhono) futhi angase angazibuza ngqo ngalezi ezinye izimpawu zokuziphatha nezengqondo ze-Alzheimer's . Noma kunjalo, ukuhlonza okufanelekile nokwelashwa kwalezi zimpawu kungathuthukisa izinga lokuphila ku-Alzheimer's .

Izwi elivela

Nakuba kungekho ukwelashwa okwamanje ngesifo se-Alzheimer, khuthazwa. Abacwaningi bahlala bezama ukuthola izindlela zokwelapha kanye nezindlela zokuvimbela. Kuye kwafundwa okuningi ngokuthi i-Alzheimer ithinta kanjani ubuchopho, futhi lolu lwazi olwandayo luyaqhubeka nokukhuthaza imicabango emisha ekuthuthukiseni ukwelashwa, ukwelashwa nokuvimbela.

Okubaluleke kakhulu, ungayinaki ukuhlanganisa amandla omphakathi njengoba ubhekene nalesi sifo. I-Alzheimer's isifo lapho ngeshwa kulula ukuzihlukanisa, kodwa lokhu akusizi ngalutho. Asikwazi "ukulungisa" isifo se-Alzheimer okwamanje, kepha singanikeza ukusekelwa, ulwazi, nokukhuthazwa ngokujoyina ndawonye.

_Imithombo:

_{I-Alzheimer's Association. Imithi Yokulahlekelwa Kwememori.} > http://www.alz.org/alzheimers_disease_standard_prescriptions.asp.

_{I-Institutes National Health ye-US. I-National Institute yokuguga. "I-Alzheimer's's Medicine Fact Sheet Sheet." http://www.nia.nih.gov/Alzheimers/Publications/medicationsfs.htm}

_{I-Institutes National Health ye-US. I-National Institute yokuguga. "Imithi Yokuphatha I-AD Izimpawu Nezinkinga." http://www.nia.nih.gov/Alzheimers/Publications/CaringAD/medical/medicines.htm}