Nakuba izimpawu ze-urticaria (ama-hives) zingase zibonakale zibonakala zibonakala zibonakala, zivame ukuphutha ezinye izimo zesikhumba ezifana ne-eczema, i-rosacea, ne-pityriasis rosea. Kodwa, ngendlela efanayo nendlela yokuphila ye-urticaria ecacile kangaka, ngakho-ke, yizibonakaliso kanye nezici zesikhumba esivamile.
Okunye okubhekwa njengamavili (noma ukuphuza), imihlathi ingase ihluke ekusatshalalisweni nasekubukeni kwayo kodwa ibonakala ngamehlo, i-welts ephakanyisiwe ebusweni besikhumba noma obomvu.
Izimpawu Ezivamile
I-Urticaria ibangelwa ukusabela okuvuthayo okubangela ama-capillari e- dermis (ungqimba lwezicubu nje ngaphansi kwesikhumba sangaphandle) ukuvuza amanzi. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, ukuqoqwa kohlobo oluthile kuyomphumela endaweni echazwe yesikhumba esikhulisiwe okuzoqhubeka kuze kube yilapho umkhuhlane ekugcineni uphinde ubhaliswe kumaseli azungezile.
I-hives inezici ezithile ezibahlukanisa nezinye izimo zesikhumba :
- Indawo ephakeme yesikhumba inomngcele ocacisiwe ocacisiwe.
- Uma ucindezela ukuqhuma, kuzoba "i-blanche" (iphenduka umhlophe).
- Ziyoba yinto enhle, ngezinye izikhathi ngokujulile. Kungase kube khona ubuhlungu noma inzwa evuthayo.
- Zingabonakala kunoma yikuphi emzimbeni futhi zishintshe indlela, zihambele, zinyamalale futhi ziphinde zibuyele esikhathini esincane.
- Uma bexazulula, isikhumba sizobuyela esimweni esingavamile ngaphandle kokusileka.
- Iningi ngeke lihambisane nokuhlelwa kwesistimu njengemfiva, i-nausea, i-muscle aches, ubuhlungu obuhlangene, noma ikhanda.
I-Urticaria ihlukaniswa njengokuthi iyinkimbinkimbi noma engapheliyo ngokuya esikhathini sokuqhuma. Amathumba ahlala phambili amasonto angaphansi kweyisithupha, kanti izinyosi ezingapheli zikhula ngaphezu kwamasonto ayisithupha.
I-urticaria esebenzayo ivame kakhulu ezinganeni nakubantu abadala. Iningi lihlukaniswa njenge-idiopathic, okusho ukuthi asazi imbangela.
Amacala amaningi azinqunyiwe; izilonda ngabanye zivame ukuzixazulula ngokwabo zingakapheli amahora ambalwa. Ukuqhuma kungavamile ukuthi kuthathe izinsuku ezingaphezu kweziningana, nakuba kungase kudlule amasonto. Uma imbangela itholakele, ngokuvamile ihlobene nokutheleleka, ukulunywa kwezinambuzane, noma ukudla okubangelwa yizidakamizwa.
U-urticaria ongapheli , ngokuphambene, ngokuvamile udinga ukwelashwa. Ngesifundo esisodwa se-2014, amaphesenti angama-75 abantu abanezinyosi ezingapheli zazimpawu ezahlala isikhathi eside kunonyaka, kuyilapho amaphesenti angu-11 anempawu iminyaka emihlanu noma ngaphezulu. Ngesigamu samacala, ummeleli okhubazayo akakaze atholakale.
I-Urticaria yaziwa ukuthi ingathinta amaphesenti angu-20 wabantu futhi izokwenza kanjalo kungakhathaliseki ubudala, ubuhlanga noma ubulili. I-hives ngokuvamile ivela kusihlwa noma ekuseni kakhulu ngemva kokuvuka. Ukuvuthwa kuvame kakhulu ebusuku, ngokuvamile kuvimbela ukulala.
Izimpawu ngohlobo
Ukusatshalaliswa nokubukeka kwemihlathi kungahluka kakhulu. Ezinye zingase zisakazeke, kanti ezinye zingahle zihlukanise noma zikhawulelwe ku-one, encane ye-weal. Ukubonakala komhlathi kungase kusinikeze inkomba ngokuqondene nombangela oyimbangela.
Ngokwesibonelo:
- I-urticaria ye-Cold , ebangelwa ukuvezwa kwamazinga okushisa abanda, ngokuvamile ibonisa ukutshala phakathi kwekota yesentimitha no-intshi ngobukhulu obubomvu noma obunesikhumba. Ukuphelelwa amandla kungenzeka uma kuhilelekile izindawo ezinkulu zesikhumba.
- I-urticaria ye-Cholinergic , eyaziwa nangokuthi ukushisa ukushisa, ibangelwa ukujuluka ngokweqile futhi izovela njengamanzi amancane kakhulu azungezwe ama-red flares abomvu. Ukuzivocavoca okunzima kuyimbangela evamile.
- I-Dermographism urticaria ibangelwa ukuqina okuqinile kwesikhumba futhi izobonakalisa ngemifantu emgqeni wokuxhumana. Ukugqoka kuvame ukubonakala imizuzu emihlanu kuya kwengu-10 emva kokuxhumana futhi kuzovame ukunyamalala phakathi nemizuzu engu-10 kuya kwemi-15.
- Ukucindezela i-urticaria kubangelwa noma yikuphi ukucindezelwa okubekwe esikhumbeni, kufaka phakathi izingubo eziqinile noma ukuma ezinyaweni kakhulu. Kubonisa ukuqhuma okweqile, okwenziwe kwendawo ukuthi kubomvu, kubuhlungu, futhi mhlawumbe ngisho nobuhlungu obuncane.
- I-urticaria ye-solar , eyabangelwa ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet (UV), izovela ezindaweni zesikhumba esicacile, ngokuvamile ngaphakathi kwamaminithi okuvezwa. Ukushona kuyoba mnandi kakhulu futhi kuzobonakala "kuthukuthele" ngokubomvu nokufudumala okuvame ukuqina. Njenga-urticaria ebandayo, ukudumazeka kungenzeka uma imihlathi isakazeke.
- I-urticaria evimbelayo ingabangelwa nanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwe-vibration (kufaka phakathi ukushaya noma ukuhamba kwezimoto ezinzima). Ivame ukuba yesikhashana, ivele futhi iphele phakathi kwehora. Ngenkathi kunzima ukuhlukanisa ukubukeka kwedwa, izinyosi eziduduzayo ngezinye izikhathi zihambisana nezimpawu ezingavamile ezifana nokuqhuma, ukukhanda ikhanda, ukubonakala okufiphalayo, noma ukunambitheka kwensimbi emlonyeni.
- I-urticaria yamanzi (i- urticaria ye- aquagenic) yindlela engavamile yamathuba okubangelwa ukuxhumana namanzi. Izinyosi zivame ukuba zincane futhi zivame ukukhula entanyeni yakho, esihlalweni esiphezulu, nasezingalweni. Njenge-urticaria eshukumisayo, ijwayele ukuza futhi ihambe kungakapheli ihora.
Izimpawu ezijwayelekile
Ngokuvamile, i-urticaria ingahle ilandele isifo esinzima, sonke umzimba esiphethwe yi- anaphylaxis . I-Anaphylaxis ivame ukubangelwa ukuphendula okuxilisayo okubangela ukuthuthukiswa kwezinyosi, i- angioedema (isimo esikhumba esikhuthele esithinta izinhlayiya ezijulile), nezimpawu ezinkulu zokuphefumula.
Izifo ezivame ukungezwani komzimba ziwukudla, imithi, imithi yokugoma, nezinambuzane ezinambuzane, nakuba ezinye izimo azikho izimbangela ezaziwayo. Izimpawu ze-anaphylaxis zihlanganisa:
- Imihlathi eminingi ne-angioedema enesikhumba esishisayo
- Ukukhwehlela, ukugcoba nokuhamba
- Ukuqina okunamandla nokuphefumula
- Ukuvuvukala kwezindebe kanye / noma ulimi
- Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo noma okungavamile
- Ukuzivocavoca noma ubukhulu obunzima
- Izimpande zesisu
- I-nausea, ukuhlanza, nokuhuda
- Izinhlungu zesifuba
- Umkhawulo wokuphefumula uqhubekela phambili ekuvimbeleni umoya
- Ukudideka
- Umzwelo wezaziso ezizayo
- Ukuphoqa nokuwa
- Ukuzizwa
Uma ishiywe ingalashwa, i-anaphylaxis ingabangela ukushaqeka , ukuphefumula, i-coma, inhliziyo noma ukuphefumula kokuphefumula, nokufa.
Nini Ukubona Udokotela
Uma umuthi wezinyosi ungahambi kahle ngaphandle kwezimpawu ngaphandle kokubamba, ungasiphatha ekhaya . Iningi lizoxazulula ngaphakathi kwamahora ambalwa kuya ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Uma iphikelela isikhathi esingaphezu kweviki noma iqala ukonakala, bheka udokotela ngokushesha.
Uma izimpawu zakho ziphindaphindiwe futhi zingachazwanga, cela udokotela wakho ukuba adluliselwe ku- dermatologist ongakwazi ukugijima ukuhlolwa ukuze abone ukuthi kungabangela kanjani noma i- allergenist ukuthi angabheka ukuthi i-allergen (i-allergenic trigger) ibeka icala. Udokotela wakho angase afune ukuhlola izifo ezingalahliwe (njenge- hepatitis B ) noma izifo ezizimele (ezifana neHashimoto's thyroiditis ) lapho izivunguvungu ezivame ukujwayela zivamile.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma izinkukhu zakho zihambisana nezimpawu ezifana nobunzima bokuphefumula, ukuvuvukala okubanzi, ukushaya kwenhliziyo nokuhlanza, shayela u-911 noma omunye umuntu akugibele ekamelweni eliphuthumayo eliseduzane.
> Imithombo:
> Ferrer, M .; Bastra, J .; UGimenez-Arnau, A. et al. Ukuphathwa kwe-urticaria: akuyona inkimbinkimbi kakhulu, hhayi elula. Ukwelashwa kokuhlolwa kwemitholampilo. 2014; 45 (4): 731-43. I-DOI: 10.1111 / cea.12465.
> Schaefer, P. I-Urticaria Ephuthumayo Neyengunaphakade: Ukuhlolwa Nokunakekelwa. Am Fam Physician. 2017; 95 (11): 717-724.