Ukuphatha i-Gland ye-Thyroid engasebenzi noma engasebenzi
Kunezidakamizwa eziningi ze-thyroid ezisetshenziselwa i- endocrinology , okhethekile kwezokwelapha okubhekene nezifo zama-gland namahomoni. Lezi zidakamizwa zingahle ziphulwe ngokwemibandela okumele ziphathwe ngayo, okungukuthi:
- I-Hypothyroidism , lapho i-gland yegciwane engenzi i-hormone ye-thyroid eyanele
- I-Hyperthyroidism , lapho i-gland yegland ikhiqiza i-hormone yegciwane elikhulu kakhulu
Ingubo ye-thyroid iyisilwane esenziwe nge-butterfly esisekwe phansi kwentamo phambi kwephepule. Indima ye-gland yegciwane iwukukhiqiza ama-hormone thyroxine (T4) ne-triiodothyronine (T3) elawula yonke into esuka ngesilinganiso senhliziyo nokushisa komzimba kuya emsebenzini wokuphefumula nomjikelezo wesifazane wesimeni. Noma yikuphi ukungalungi ekukhiqizweni kwe-T3 noma i-T4 kungabangela izimpawu ezithinta uhlelo olulodwa noma eziningi zelungu futhi lube nobuqili kusukela ekunciphiseni kuya ekudambiseni.
Umdlavuza we-Thyroid, ngokuphambene nalokho, uyisisusa se-11 esivame kakhulu somdlavuza e-US, esithinta abangaphezu kuka-55,000 baseMelika futhi sibangela ukufa kwabantu abangaphezu kuka-2 000 njalo ngonyaka, ngokusho kombiko we-American Cancer Society.
Izidakamizwa Okusetshenziselwa Ukwelapha Hypothyroidism
Imithi yokwelapha i-hormone esikhundleni sakho isetshenziselwa ukuphatha i-hypothyroidism. Basebenza ngokufaka ama-hormone esikhundleni sokuthi ingilazi ye-thyroid ayikwazi ukukhiqiza noma lapho i-thyroid iphathwa ngomsakazo noma isuswa ngokuhlinzwa.
I-Hypothyroidism ingabangelwa yizimo eziningi ezibandakanya ukuntuleka kwe-iodine, isifo sikaHashimoto (i-autoimmune disorder), ukwelapha umdlavuza, noma ukususwa okuyingxenye noma okuphelele kwegciwane le- thyroidectomy . Kungaba futhi umphumela wesifo sokubeletha lapho ingilazi yegciwane ingasebenzi ngendlela efanele.
Ezinye izidakamizwa ezisetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-hypothyroidism zihlanganisa:
- I-Cytomel (i-liothyronine) inguqulo yokwenziwa kwe-T3
- I-Levothyroxine , ifomu lokufakelwa kwe-T4 elidayiswe ngaphansi kwegama elithi Synthroid, Levoxyl, Unithroid, noTirosint
- I-thyroid ekhishwe emvelo yenziwe nge-thyroid ye-pigs ekhonjiwe
Izidakamizwa Okusetshenziselwa Ukwelapha Hyperthyroidism
Imithi ye-anti-thyroid isetshenziselwa ukuphatha i-hyperthyroidism. Zisebenza ngokuvimbela igciwane le-thyroid ukuthi lingakutholi i-iodine edingekayo ukwenza ama-hormone e-thyroid.
I-Hyperthyroidism ingabangelwa isifo se-Grave (olunye uhlobo lwesifo esizimele), ama- nodules we-thyroid engeyona umdlavuza, ukuvuvukala kwegciwane ( thyroiditis ), kanye ne-pituitary gland engasebenzi kahle ( ehambisana ne-gland gland ). Ngaphezu kwalokho, isigaba sesifo sikaHashimoto singabangela futhi hyperthyroidism ngendlela efanayo eyenza i-hypothyroidism.
Kukhona okwamanje izidakamizwa ezimbili ezivunyelwe ukusetshenziswa kokwelapha i-hypothyroidism e-US:
- I-Tapazole (methimazole)
- I-Propylthiouracil , igcinwe ngokuyinhloko ukuphatha inkinga ye -roid
Izidakamizwa Okusetshenziselwa Ukwelapha Igciwane Le-Thyroid
Ngaphandle kokwelapha ukungalingani kwe-hormonal, kunezinye izidakamizwa ezisetshenziselwa ukwelapha umdlavuza we-thyroid. Kunezinhlobo ezine ezihlukene zomdlavuza we-thyroid , ezinye zazo eziphathwa kakhulu kunezinye.
Izindlela zokwelapha ziyahlukahluka kodwa zivame ukuqasha eziningi izidakamizwa ezifanayo ezisetshenziselwa ezinye ukwelapha, kufaka phakathi:
- I-Adriamycin (doxorubicin hydrochloride)
- I-Caprelsa (i-vandetanib)
- I-Cometriq (i-cabozantinib-S-malate)
- Lenvima (lenvatinib mesylate)
- I-Nexavar (tooralate ye-sorafenib)
Esinye isidakamizwa esaziwa ngokuthi Thyrogen (thyrotropin alfa) sisetshenziselwa abantu abanomdlavuza we-thyroid ngaphambi kokususwa kwe-iodine ye-radioactive . Ibuye isetshenziswe kulabo abaphathwe umdlavuza ngaphambi kokuskena okulandelwayo. Njengendlela yokwenza i -hormone ye- thyroid-stimulating (TSH) , i-Thyrogen ingaqiniseka ukuthi i- whole-body scan ngaphandle kokubangela i-hypothyroidism.
> Imithombo:
> I-American Cancer Society. "Izibalo Eziyinhloko Ze-Cancer Yegciwane." I-Atlanta, Georgia; ibuyekezwe ngoJanuwari 6, 2017.
> Ross, D .; Ukushisa, H .; Cooper, D. et al. "I-American American Thyroid Association Guidelines Yokuxilongwa Nokuphathwa Kwe-Hyperthyroidism Nezinye Izimbangela Ze-Thyrotoxicosis." THYROID . 2016; 26 (10): 1343-421. I-DOI: 10.1089 / thy.2016.0229.
> McAninch, E. kanye noByanco, A. "Umlando kanye Nokuphathwa Kwekusasa kwe-Hypothyroidism." U-Ann Intern Med. 2016; 164 (1): 50-56. I-DOI: 10.7326 / M15-1799.
> National Cancer Institute: Izikhungo Zikazwelonke Zempilo. "Izidakamizwa Ezivunyelwe I-Cancer Cancer." I-Bethesda, e-Maryland; ibuyekeziwe ngoMashi 12, 2015.