I-Spirometry: Ithuluzi Eliyinhloko Ngokwenza I-COPD Ukuxilonga
Ngemva kokufunda lesi sihloko, intando yakho inethuba lokuhlanganyela ngalokho okufundile kusukela ekutholeni ukuhlolwa kweCOPD .
Ngokusho kwe-Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD), ukuxilongwa kwe-COPD kufanele kubhekwe kunoma yisiphi isiguli esinesifo sokuphefumula, ukukhwehlela isikhathi eside noma ukukhiqizwa kwe-sputum kanye / noma umlando wokuvezwa kwama- COPD.
I-Spirometry: Ithuluzi Lokuhlola Lokuyinhloko ku-COPD
Kudingeka ukuvivinywa kwe-spirometry ukwenza ukuxilongwa kwemitholampilo ye-COPD. Ukunciphisa ukuhamba kwe-air persistent, noma i-COPD, kuqinisekiswa uma imiphumela yokuhlola ibonisa i- FEV1 / FVC engaphansi kuka-0.70 ngemuva kwesiguli isebenzisa i- bronchodilator.
Izifundo ezengeziwe ezisekela i-COPD Diagnosis
Nakuba i-spirometry iyithuluzi eliyinhloko lokuxilonga ku-COPD, udokotela wakho angenza noma yiziphi izifundo ezilandelayo zokuphenya ngesikhathi sokuhlola kwakhe kokuqala ukusekela ukuxilongwa kwe-COPD:
Umlando kanye noMzimba
Uma udokotela wakho esola i-COPD, ukuhlolwa kwakho kuzoqala ngokubuka okuningiliziwe emlandweni wakho. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukubukeza:
- ukuchayeka kwakho okwamanje kanye nokudlulela ezinkingeni ezifana nokubhema, ukubhema komswakama , ukungcola komoya kanye / noma ukutholakala komsebenzi othulini, ukuphazamiseka, kanye namakhemikhali.
- umlando wakho wezokwelapha, ikakhulukazi njengoba ukhuluma ngezinkinga zokuphefumula zamanje ezifana ne-asthma, izifo ezithathelwanayo noma isifo se-sinusitis kanye / noma izifo zokuphefumula ebuntwaneni bokuqala.
- izibhedlela zangaphambili, ikakhulukazi uma zihlotshaniswa nezifo zokuphefumula.
- uma noma ubani emndenini wakho eseke abe ne-COPD nanoma yisiphi esinye isifo samaphaphu esingapheli.
- uma unezinye izimo zezokwelapha ezikhona, ezifana nesifo senhliziyo noma ukugaya i-osteoporosis, okungase kuqhubekele phambili ekuthatheni ukuxilongwa kwe-COPD.
- isibonelo sokuthuthukiswa kwesibonakaliso sakho, kufaka phakathi uma izimpawu zakho ziqala nokuthi ubude isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokufuna usizo lwezokwelapha.
- umthelela wesifo empilweni yakho yansuku zonke; isibonelo uma izimpawu zakho zenze ukuba ulahlekelwe umsebenzi, ukunciphisa imisebenzi yakho evamile noma uzizwe ucindezelekile noma ukhathazekile.
Udokotela wakho kufanele futhi ahlole ngokucophelela ngokomzimba okungase kuhlanganise:
- Ukuthatha ukushisa kwakho, ukugulisa, ukuphefumula ngomzuzu, ukushayela nokucindezelwa kwegazi
- Ukulalela inhliziyo yakho namaphaphu nge-stethoscope
- Ukuhlola izindlebe zakho, impumu, amehlo nomphimbo ukuze uthole izimpawu zokutheleleka
- Ukuhlola iminwe yakho ngezibonakaliso ze-cyanosis kanye ne- clubbing
- Ukuhlola izibonakaliso zokuvuvukala emilenzeni, ezinqoleni, nasezinyaweni noma kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakho
- Ukuhlola imithanjeni entanyeni yakho ukuhlola izinkinga zeCOPD ezifana ne- cor pulmonale
Izivivinyo zemiSebenzi yePulmonary Additional (PFTs)
Ngaphandle kwe-spirometry, kunezinye izivivinyo ezimbili zomsebenzi we-pulmonary ezibalulekile uma zihlola umsebenzi wamaphaphu ku-COPD: izivivinyo zokusabalalisa amaphaphu nomzimba we-plethysmography. Lezi zivivinyo zilinganisa amandla okwehlukana kwamapayipi e-carbon monoxide nomthamo womoya emaphashini ngezigaba ezahlukene zokuphefumula, ngokulandelana.
I-X-ray yesifuba
I-x-ray yesifuba yedwa ayifuni ukuxilongwa kwe-COPD. Udokotela wakho angase ahlele omunye ekuqaleni, ukulawula ezinye izizathu zezimpawu zakho noma ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kukhona khona isimo se- comorbid esivele sikhona.
I-x-ray yesifuba ingasetshenziswa futhi ngezikhathi ezithile kulo lonke ukwelashwa kwakho ukuqapha intuthuko yakho.
Iskripthi se-Tomography (CT) yekhompuyutha
Nakuba i-CT ingasetshenzisiwe njalo lapho ixilongwa nge-COPD, udokotela wakho angase ayala enye uma kuboniswa (ukutheleleka akuxazululanga, ukuguqulwa kwezimpawu, ukucatshangelwa ukuhlinzwa njll.) Ngesikhathi i-X-ray ikhombisa ibonisa izindawo eziningana zobuningi amaphaphu, isithwebuli se-CT sichaza ngokucacile, kubonisa imininingwane enhle ukuthi i-X-ray ayikho esifubeni. Ngezinye izikhathi, ngaphambi kokuskena kwe-CT, izinto ezibizwa ngokuthi ukungafani zijojelwa emthanjeni. Lokhu kuvumela udokotela wakho ukuba abone okungajwayelekile emaphashini akho ngokucacile.
Gcwalisa i-Blood Count
Inani eliphelele legazi (i-CBC) lizoxwayisa udokotela wakho ekutheleleni kanye nokumtshela, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukuthi i-hemoglobin ingakanani egazini lakho. I-Hemoglobin yi-pigment ene-iron equkethe igazi lakho eliphethe i-oksijini emaphaphini akho kuya emzimbeni wakho wonke.
Amagesi Egazi Amandla
Ku-COPD, inani lomoya ophefumulela ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwamapayipi akho alimele. Igazi lokugcoba liphela (ABGs) lilinganisa amazinga e-oksijini ne-carbon dioxide egazini lakho futhi linqume ukuthi i-pH yomzimba wakho kanye namazinga e-bicarbonate omzimba wakho. I-ABG ibalulekile ekwenzeni ukuxilongwa kwe-COPD kanye nokunquma isidingo sokulungisa izinga lokugeleza okwelapha oksijini .
I-Oxetry ye-Pulse
I-oximetry ye-pulse iyindlela engavumeleki yokulinganisa ukuthi izicubu zakho zihlinzeka kangakanani nge-oxygen. Umshini noma inzwa ngokuvamile ihlanganiswe ngomunwe, ebunzini, i-earlobe noma ibhuloho ekhaleni. I-oximetry ye-pulse ingaqhubeka noma iphakathi. Isilinganiso sama-95% kuya ku-100% kuthathwa njengokujwayelekile. Kanye ne-ABGs, ukulinganisa izinga lakho lokugcwalisa oksijini nge-pulse oximetry kusiza udokotela wakho ukuba ahlole isidingo sakho sokwelapha oksijini.
I-Alpha-1-Antitrypsin Ukukhubazeka Ukuhlolwa
Uma uhlala endaweni lapho kutholakala khona ukukhubazeka okuphezulu kwe-Alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT), i-World Health Organization incoma ukuthi uhlolwe ngalesi sifo. Ukuntuleka kwe-AAT yisimo sezakhi zofuzo ezingaholela ku-COPD. Kutholakala ukuthi usemncane kakhulu (ungaphansi kweminyaka engama-45 ubudala) kufanele uqaphele odokotela ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi i-AAT engenakho imbangela yeCOPD yakho. Ukwelashwa kwe-COPD okubangelwa ukulahlekelwa kwe-AAT kuhlanganisa ukwelashwa okungeziwe .
Umthombo:
I-Global Initiative Yokuvimbela Izifo Zengculaza. Isu Lomhlaba Wonke Lokuthola Ukuxilongwa, Ukuphathwa Nokuvinjelwa kwe-COPD. Kubuyekezwe ngo-2011. Itholakala ku-goldcopd.org.