Uma sicabanga ngomdlavuza wamaphaphu, sivame ukucabanga ngesibangela esivame kakhulu kubantu ababhema: ugwayi. Kodwa umdlavuza wamaphaphu ukhona kubantu abangakaze baphuze futhi. Eqinisweni, umdlavuza wamaphaphu angasoze waphuza ubhekwa njengesizathu sesi-6 noma sesi-7 esivame kakhulu ukufa komdlavuza e-United States.
Yini ebangela umdlavuza wamaphaphu kubantu abangazange baphuze, futhi kungani kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqhubeka ucwaningo ngezimbangela?
Ngaphezu kwalokho, inhlamba yomdlavuza wamaphaphu - yiyiphi imibono yomphakathi jikelele yokuthi abantu "bayakufanelekela" umdlavuza wamaphaphu ngoba babhema - bathinta abangewona abokubhema?
Ukuchaza Abangewona Abokubhema
Kubalulekile ukuqala ngokuchaza lokho esikushoyo ngabangewona abokubhema (kulokhu abasoze bebhema.) Emva kwakho konke, intsha eningi ithatha umkhuhlane noma amabili kodwa ingabe ingabikho ababhemayo abakhuthele. Ongafuni ukubhema uchazwa njengomuntu ophuze ugwayi ongaphansi kuka-100 ngesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe.
Kungani Kubalulekile Ukubheka Izimbangela?
Njengoba kunamathuba amaningi omdlavuza wamaphaphu obangelwa ukubhema, ucwaningo luvame ukugxila endleleni ugwayi obangela ngayo umdlavuza wamaphaphu, futhi ngezindlela zokusiza abantu bayeke ukubhema. Nakuba kudingekile, ngezinye izindlela lokhu kuyadabukisa ngoba ucwaninga ngezimbangela ezibangelwa abangewona abathintekayo uthathe isihlalo sokubuyela emuva. Akuyona nje umphakathi ojwayelekile ongaqapheli ngomdlavuza wamaphaphu kwabangewona abokubhema, kodwa lokhu kuhlanganisa nabanikezeli abaningi bezempilo.
Ukubukeka okusheshayo kwezinye izibalo kungadlulisela leli phuzu ekhaya.
Izibalo Ngokuphathelene Nomdlavuza We-Lung ku-Non-Smokers (Abasoze Ababhema)
- Amaphesenti angama-10 kuya ku-15 amaphesenti e-lungula aphethwe ngabangabhemi. Amaphesenti angama-20 abesifazane abakha umdlavuza wamaphaphu akakaze abhema.
- Ngo-2014, kulindeleke ukuba abesifazane abangu-40 000 bafe ngenxa yomdlavuza webele ( lokhu kubandakanya ababhemayo, ababhemayo, nabokubhema ). Kulindeleke ukuthi abesifazane abangu-72 313 bafe ngomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Ukwenza izibalo ezimbalwa ezilula, lokhu kusho ukuthi abesifazane abangu-14 466 abangasoze baphazamiseka kulindeleke ukuthi bafe ngomdlavuza wamaphaphu.
- Ngokungafani nokwehla kwamuva komdlavuza womdlavuza wamaphaphu phakathi kwabantu, umdlavuza wamaphaphu kwabesifazane abasha abangabhemi kubonakala sengathi uyanda .
Izimbangela ezaziwayo ze-Cancer Cancer ku-Non-Smokers
- I-Radon - Ukuboniswa ku-radon ekhaya kuyimbangela ehamba phambili yomdlavuza wamaphaphu kubantu abangakaze bapheze. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi abantu abangu-21 000 bafa ngonyaka ngamunye e-United States ngenxa yomdlavuza wamaphaphu owenziwe nge-radon.
- Ukuvezwa kwezezikhundla zomsebenzi Emisebenzini yamakhemikhali kanye nezinto zingase zilandise amaphesenti angu-13 kuya ku-29% wamanqamu wamaphaphu. Thola ukuthi ungazi kanjani ukuthi ungavezwa izinto ezibangelwa umdlavuza, nokuthi yini ongayenza uma ukhona.
- Umsila wesibhakela - Ukuvezwa komusi womuntu oyisimanga (owaziwa ngokuthi ukubhema) kuphethwe abantu abangaba ngu-3 000 umdlavuza wamaphaphu ngonyaka.
- I-asbestos - Ukuvezwa kwe- asbestos - kungaba emsebenzini noma ukwenza iphrojekthi yokuvuselela ikhaya - iphakamisa ingozi yokuthuthukisa umdlavuza wamaphaphu kanye ne-mesothelioma.
- I-Genetics / Heredity - I-Heredity idlala indima enkulu emdlalweni wamaphaphu phakathi kwabangewokubhema kunelabo ababhemayo. Lesi sihloko sikhuluma ngengozi ebonwe emindenini. Muva nje kutholakale ukuthi ukuguqulwa komzimba ku- BRCA2 "yegciwane lomdlavuza webele" , kuphakamisa ingozi yokuthuthukisa umdlavuza wamaphaphu . Ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo ezingavamile - ukuguquguquka kwe-EGFR engu-T790M (inothi: kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinguquko ze- EGFR ) imiphumela engama-31 engozini yokuphila kwabantu abangapheliyo abadala umdlavuza wamaphaphu. Lokhu kuguqulwa okungavamile kuzuzwa njengefa eliyindalo enkulu-okusho ukuthi uma umzali ethwala isakhi, amaphesenti angu-50 ezingane azozuza ifa lofuzo. Ezinye izakhi zofuzo eziningana ziye zahlotshaniswa nomdlavuza wamaphaphu kubantu abangabhemi, ikakhulukazi kubantu base-Asia.
- Ukungcoliswa komoya
- Ukushisa Kwamalahle Okungaphakathi Kwokushisa Nokupheka
- Ukuvezwa kwaMisiya Ukukhipha Imifino
Okungaziwa futhi Okungenzeka Kungabangela Umdlavuza We-Lung ku-Non-Smokers
- Ama-Countertops eGranite - Njengoba igesi lika-radon lingase likhishwe ku-granite, kuye kwaba nokukhathazeka okuthile maduzane mayelana nekhono lokuqhathanisa ama-granite okufaka isandla engozini yomdlavuza wamaphaphu . Uma unenkinga ethile, lesi sihloko esikhuluma ngalokho esikwaziyo manje sizokwazisa ukuthi ungahlola kanjani i-radon ngenxa yezintambo ze-granite ekhaya lakho.
- I-Human Papillomavirus (HPV) - Ucwaningo lwamuva luye lwabona ukutholakala kwe-HPV emathunjini amaphaphu. Ayaziwa ngalesi sikhathi, noma kunjalo, uma lobudlelwane buhlangene nokudala. Kucatshangwa ukuthi i-HPV ingabamba iqhaza ekuguquleni kwe-EGFR ebonwe ngumdlavuza wamaphaphu - okungenani eTaiwan.
Izinyathelo Ezilandelayo
Njengoba njengamanje singenayo ukuhlola ukuhlolwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu kwabangewona abokubhema, kubalulekile ukuqaphela izimpawu ezingenzeka uma ungazange upheze. Ngenxa yezinhlobo ze-cancer yamaphaphu ebonwa kwabangewokubhema, izimpawu zomdlavuza wamaphaphu kwabangewona abokubhema zivame ukuhluka, futhi zicashile, kunelabo ababhemayo.
Ukuqonda ukuthi umdlavuza wamaphaphu kwenzeka kubantu abangabhemi bangakusiza ukuba ufundise umndeni wakho nabangani bakho.
Imithombo:
I-American Cancer Society. Okwenza I-Cancer Lung Ihlasele Ababambi. Kubuyekeziwe ngo-1028/13. http://www.cancer.org/cancer/news/why-lung-cancer-strikes-nonsmokers
Hosgood, H. et al. Ukusetshenziswa kwemakha yamalahle nomdlavuza wamaphaphu: ukubuyekezwa okuhlelekile nokuhlaziywa kwe-meta-analysis of case-control studies, ngokugcizelela ukuhluka kwezwe. I-International Journal ye-Epidemiology . 2011. 40 (3): 719-28.
Li, C. et al. Ukuhluka kofuzo ku-TERT-CLPTM1L izakhi kanye nengozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu kwabesifazane baseShayina abangaboni. PLoS One . 2013. 8 (5): e64988.
UMarkowitz, S. et al. I-asbestos, i-asbestosis, ukubhema nomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Okutholakele okusha kusuka eqenjini lase-North American insulator. I-American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine . 2013. 188 (1): 90-6.
Tung, M. et al. I-association of epidermal ukukhula kwezinto ezitholwa yi-epidermal factor receptor nge-human papillomavirus 16/18 E6 incoprotein inkulumo kumdlavuza ongasona omncane wesifo samaphaphu. I-Cancer . 2013. 119 (18): 3367-76.