Yiziphi izinhloso ezikhonzayo nokuthi yini engayithinta
I-pleura iyinxenye ebalulekile yendlela yokuphefumula enenjongo yokugubha amaphaphu nokunciphisa noma yikuphi ukungqubuzana okungase kuthuthuke phakathi kwamapayipi, umhlanga nesikhumba somkhumbi. Iyini isimo se-pleura nokuthi yiziphi izimo zezokwelapha ezithinta lesi sifunda somfana?
Isakhiwo sePleura
I-pleura ibhekisela ngokuqondile emabhukwini amabili afaka amaphaphu.
Isikhala esiphakathi kwamagundane amabili sibizwa ngokuthi isikhala esiphezulu esigcwele umshini omncane, wokugcoba obizwa nge- pleural fluid . Isikhalazo sakhiwa izingxenye ezimbili ezihlukene:
- I-visceral pleura yimbumbulu encane, elula ehlanganisa ubuso bamaphaphu futhi adibanise ezindaweni ezihlukanisa i-lobes ehlukene (ebizwa ngokuthi i- hilum .)
- I-pleura ye-parietal yi-membrane yangaphandle ebeka udonga lwangaphakathi lwesifuba nesigxobo se-diaphragm.
I-visceral kanye ne-parietal pleura iyajoyina epulazini ngalinye lamaphaphu, lapho i- bronchi enkulu, imishanguzo ye-pulmonary, nemithambo ye-pulmonary ingena emaphashini.
Umsebenzi we-Pleura
Iimbumba ezimbili ezakha i-pleura zikhonza ngokuyinhloko ukunciphisa ukungqubuzana lapho amaphaphu ekhula futhi enkontileka ngesikhathi sokuphefumula. Inani elincane lomswakama phakathi kwalezi zingxenye, cishe 4 kuya ku-5 cc we-pleural fluid, lisiza ukuba lusebenze njengenhlanzi.
I-pleura akuyona kuphela iqoqo lezinambuzane ezihlanganisa izigxobo zomzimba.
Kukhona i-membrane ejikeleze inhliziyo (i-pericardium) kanye ne-membrane efaka isikhumba esiswini (peritoneum) futhi.
Izimo ezithinta i-Pleura
Ngaphansi kwethonya lomthamo wamanzi, i-membrane yesikhumba iyakwazi ukugoqa, ukuvumela amaphaphu ukuba anwebe ngesikhathi sokuphuza nokuphumula ngesikhathi sokuphumula.
Uma i-pleura iboshiwe, noma uma i-fluid ikhiqiza esikhaleni phakathi kwalezi zingqamuzana, ingakwazi ukuvimbela ukuhamba nokuphazamisa ukuphefumula.
Kunezimo eziningana ezingaba nomthelela omubi ku-pleura. Uma ukuvuvukala kuhilelekile, ubuhlungu buvame ukuba bukhali futhi buzwe ngomoya ngamunye. Ubuhlungu obunzima ngokuphefumula okujulile futhi kaningi buzwa bukhali bubizwa ngokuqondile ngokuthi ubuhlungu besifuba "pleuritic".
Phakathi kwezimo ezihilela i-pleura:
- I-Pleurisy ukuvuvukala kwezingxube zesikhala lapho kufike khona ukuqina nokunamathela. Kuvame ukubangelwa ukutheleleka ngegciwane kodwa kungabangelwa ama-bacteria nezifo ezizimele njenge-rheumatoid arthritis ne- lupus . Ukungahambi kahle okuhambisana ne-pleurisy kuvame ukwanda kakhulu lapho uhamba ngaphandle emakhazeni asebandleni.
- Ukuqhuma kwe-Pleural ekuqoqeni uketshezi okweqile endaweni yokukhala. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, ukuphefumula kungakwazi ukukhubazeka. Ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo ukukhumula kuyimbangela ejwayelekile kunazo zonke ye-pleural effusion, kodwa kunezimbangela eziningi ezikhona. I-effusion ye-pleural ingaba encane kakhulu, futhi ibonakala kuphela kwizifundo ze-imaging ezifana ne-x-ray noma i-CT scan, noma enkulu, equkethe ama-pints amaningana we-fluid.
- Ukukhwabanisa okubi kabi kwamagama kusho ukuxoshwa okubangelwa umdlavuza wamaphaphu, noma ezinye umdlavuza ezifana nomdlavuza webele oye wahlakazeka (umonakalo) emaphashini kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.
- I-mesothelioma ye-Pleural ingumdlavuza we-pleura, evame ukubangelwa ukutholakala komsebenzi ku-asbestos.
- I-Pneumothorax yisimo lapho umoya uqoqa khona emgodini wesikhala. Kungabangelwa yinoma iyiphi inamba yezinto, kuhlanganise nokuhlinzekwa kwesifuba se-chest trauma, ne- COPD . Abanye abantu bahlakulela "i-pneumothorax ngokuzenzekelayo" futhi kaningi lapho bebancane. Kanye nokuphefumula, abantu bangase babe nomuzwa wokuthi "i-crepitus" lapho kufaka khona sengathi i-bubble igoqa ehamba ngaphansi kwesikhumba sentamo nesifuba.
- I-Hemothorax ibhekisela egazini emgodini wezinyembezi ezingenzeka ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa kwesifuba noma ukuhlukunyezwa.
Ukwelapha Ukuphazamiseka Kwe-Pleura
Ukuphazamiseka kwesikhalazo ngezinye izikhathi kungenaso isibonakaliso futhi kuxazululwe ngokwabo.
Okunye kudinga ukungenelela kwezokwelapha. Ukwelashwa kuzoxhomeke kakhulu ekubangela imbangela yalesi sifo. Uma ukuqoqwa ngokweqile koketshezi, igazi, noma umoya kuhilelekile, ithubhu yesifuba ingasetshenziswa ukusiza ukususa.
Ukusebenza kwamancane okunciphisa amandla kungase kuphele ngokwabo; okukhudlwana kuzodingeka kukhishwe. Isinyathelo sokuqala kuvame ukukhipha umkhuhlane ngenaliti eqondiswa esikhunjeni esifubeni nasesigodini se-pleural (thoracentesis). Izikhathi eziningi, kuye ngokuthi imbangela, i-pleural effusion izobuyela emuva, ikakhulu uma ihlobene nomdlavuza.
Ngama-pleural effusions avamile kunezinketho ezimbalwa. Okokuqala, i-thoracentesis ingabuyekezwa. Uma i-pleural effusion ibuyela emuva, isinyathelo esilandelayo sizoxhomeka esibangelwa imbangela kanye nesimo somuntu onomfutho we-pleural. Ngabantu abanempilo enempilo, inqubo okuthiwa i- pleurodesis ivame ukwenza. Lokhu kungukuhlinzwa lapho into ecasulayo, efana ne-talc, ifakwa phakathi kwezingxenye ezimbili ze-pleura. I-talc ibangela ukucasuka nokuvuvukala, ekugcineni kubangele ukuthi izingqimba ezimbili zihambelane futhi zibe "ziboshwe" ndawonye, ukuze isikhala somswakama singasabi khona ukuze uketshezi luqoqe.
Ngomdlavuza, ukuxoshwa kwezwi elivame ukukhathazeka eduze kokuphela kokuphila. Uma kunjalo, i-catheter ehlala ngaphakathi ingafakwa emgodini we-pleural ukuze i-effusion ingashiswa njalo, noma noma nini lapho kubangela ukuphefumula okukhulu.
Uma abantu abane-mesothelioma, inqubo yokuhlinzwa ebizwa nge- pleurectomy ingenziwa ukuze kususwe isigaba sokukhala noma isililo sonke sokuvimbela ukwakhiwa kwamanzi. Ibuye ivumele udokotela ohlinzayo ukuba asuse noma yiziphi izicubu eziye zangena ngaphakathi kwesifuba.
> Imithombo
> Batra, H. no-Antony, V. "Amaseli e-Pleural mesothelial ezifo ezivulekile neziphuzi ." I- Journal of Thoracic Disease . 2015; 7 (6): 964-980.
> Bertin, F. kanye nabaDlauriers, J. "I-Anatomy ye-Pleura: I-Reflection Line ne-Recesses." Imitholampilo ye-Thoracic Surgery . 2011; 21 (2): 165-171.