Ngokuvamile ngokwezenzo, ezakhiweni, ezitshalwe ezitshalweni, kanye ne-Xenoestrogens
I-Estrogen iyi-hormone ebalulekile yokulawula izinguquko emzimbeni wesifazane. Ezinye zalezi zinguquko zithokozisa kakhulu, njengokugcina amathambo akho aqinile kepha angabangela nokukhula komdlavuza webele. Yini okufanele uyazi mayelana nezinhlobo ze-estrogens zemvelo ezikhiqizwa ngaphakathi komzimba wesifazane, ama-estrogen esakhiwa, ama-estrogen asetshenziswa ezitshalweni, nama-xenoestrogens?
Yini i-Estrogens?
I-Estrogen ayiyona imakhemikhali eyodwa kuphela kodwa kunalokho iqoqo lamahomoni aphethwe ukuthuthukiswa komfazi kanye nekhono lokuba nezingane.
I-Estrogen nayo isiza ukulawula umjikelezo wakho wokuya esikhathini , ivikela amathambo kusuka ekunciphiseni, futhi igcina amazinga e-cholesterol aphansi ukuze avikele inhliziyo yakho. Ngenkathi i-estrogen iyi-hormone evamile futhi edingekayo, i-estrogen ingasiza ngezinye izikhathi ukuguqula izicubu zesifuba ezivamile zibe ngamagciwane.
Akuwona wonke ama-estrogens akhiqizwa emzimbeni wesifazane, kodwa-ke, futhi ungazijwayeza ama-estrogen ezakhiwe ngama-pill control and therapy. Uhlu alumi lapho. Kukhona ama-phytoestrogens ahunyushwa ngokuthi "izitshalo ze-estrogen" kanye nama-xenoestrogens, ama-estrogen anamandla angahlala kuyo yonke into esuka kuma-plastiki kuya ekungcola.
I-Estrogens yemvelo emzimbeni wesifazane
Izinhlobo ze-estrogen emzimbeni wesifazane ziyahlukahluka ngokusekelwe ukuthi ingabe i-premenopausal noma i-postmenopausal. Kukhona izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-estrogen ngaphakathi komzimba wakho ezenziwa ngezindlela ezahlukene.
I-Estrogens yangaphambi kweMenopausal
- Estrone (E1): u- Estrone ukhona eyenziwe ngama-ovari ngaphambi kokuya esikhathini sokuya esikhathini. Ngemuva kokumisa esikhathini, i-estrone igcinwa emaqenjini omzimba namafutha omzimba. Abesifazane abanamafutha amaningi omzimba bazoqhubeka bezwa ukushisa ngesikhathi sokuya esikhathini, nakuba umzimba wabo ugcina i-estrone ngaphezulu kunebesifazane abancane. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-Estrone kwehla ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, okunciphisa ukuvezwa kwakho kwe-lifetime ku-estrogen. (Kungakho ukukhulelwa kunomthelela wokuvikela ekuthuthukiseni umdlavuza webele).
- I-Estradiol (E2): Njenga-estrone, i-estradiol yenziwa kuma-ovari. Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, kukhona ukukhiqizwa okuncane kwe-estradiol.
- I-Estriol (E3): I- Estriol yenziwa i-placenta ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Lolu hlobo lwe-estrogen lukhiqizwa ngobuningi obukhulu, ngaphezu kwe-estrone noma i-estradiol, ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-Estriol kuyinkomba yempilo yengane yakho
I-Estrogens ye-Menopausal
Njengoba usondela esikhathini sokumisa esikhathini , ama-ovari akho azokwehla (atrophy) futhi ukukhiqizwa kwe-estrogen kanye ne-progesterone kuzoshintshashintsha ngaleyo nqubo. Yizigaba ezingezansi zalezi hormone ezibangelwa ukushisa okushisayo , izikhathi ezingavamile, ukujula ebusuku, ukuguquka kwemizwelo nezinye izimpawu. Odokotela bangase baphathe lezi zimpawu nge-hormone replacement therapy (HRT) isikhathi esifushane, kodwa ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kuye kwahlotshaniswa nengozi eyengeziwe yomdlavuza webele.
Ngemuva kokumisa esikhathini, i-androgens (ama-hormone abesilisa) akhiqizwa izigulane ze-adrenal ziguqulwa ezicubu zibe yi-estrogen. Yile mpendulo eyenzelwe abesifazane abanomdlavuza webele we-postmenopausal receptor-positive. I-enzyme (amaprotheni) enesibopho sokuguqula i-estrogen ibizwa nge-aromatase. Imithi yomdlavuza wesibeletho okuthiwa i-aromatase inhibitors (efana ne-Aromasin, Arimidex, ne-Femara) iphazamisa izenzo ze-enzyme ukuze i-estrogen ingakwazi ukukhiqizwa.
I-Estrogens Ikhiqizwa Ngaphandle Komzimba
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko ze-estrogen ezikhiqizwa ngaphandle komzimba wakho kanye. Ezinye zidalwe izitshalo, ezinye zisesimweni, kanti uhlobo lwesithathu lubandakanya lezo ezenziwe ngokwenziwa ngumbhalo.
I-Phytoestrogens
I-Phytoestrogens yi-estrogens yezitshalo ezitholakala ezitshalweni kanye nase-botanicals. Lezi zinhlobo ze-phytoestrogens zingaba nemiphumela efana ne-estrogen emzimbeni wakho uma uwajova. Umphumela wezitshalo ze-estrogen zibuthakathaka kakhulu kunama-estrogens akhiqizwa amaqanda akho kodwa angaba nemiphumela emihle emitholampilo.
Kudideka ukukhuluma nge-phytoestrogens. Ukwazi i-estrogen kuhlotshaniswa nengozi eyengeziwe yokwelashwa kwebele, lokhu kusho ukuthi akufanele udle izitshalo? Kuyasiza ukuqonda ukuthi i-estrogens esekelwe isitshalo isebenza ngendlela ehlukile kune-hormones yethu yama-ovari. Emizimbeni yethu, i-phytoestrogens ingaba nomphumela we-estrogen-like noma anti-estrogen kuye ngokuthi izicubu ezithile.
Kungaba lula ukuchaza lokhu ngokubheka ukuthi imithi yomdlavuza webele we-tamoxifen isebenza kanjani. Lapho abesifazane abanomdlavuza wesifuba we-premenopausal estergen-positive, lesi sidakamizwa singanciphisa ingozi yokuphindaphinda. I-Tamoxifen ibophezela kumamukeli we-estrogen kodwa ineziphumo ezinjenge-estrogen kwezinye izicubu nemiphumela elwa-estrogen kwabanye. Ngamaseli esifuba (namaseli omdlavuza webele), i-tamoxifen ibopha e-estrogen receptor ukuze i-estrogen ingakwazi ukubopha. Lesi senzo sivimbela i-estrogen ekubophezelweni nasekukhuthazeni ukukhula kwesisu. Kwezinye izicubu, noma kunjalo, kungaba nemiphumela efana ne-estrogen. Ngenxa ye-pro-isrogen yayo ithinta amathambo, ingasebenza ngempela ukuqinisa amathambo afana nendlela i-estrogen engokwemvelo eyenza ngayo.
Ezinye izitshalo eziqukethe i-phytoestrogens zifaka i-soya, i-clover ebomvu, ubhontshisi, ama-brans, nama-flaxseeds. Kunezinto eziningana zokudla okunemvelo eziqukethe ama-phytoestrogens asetshenziselwa ukuphatha izimpawu ze-menopausal. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ezinye zalezi zindlela zokwelashwa akufanele zisetshenziswe ngabesifazane abanomdlavuza wesifuba noma engozini yokwandisa lesi sifo.
Xenoestrogens
Ama-Xenoestrogens atholakala kumakhemikhali akhona endaweni yethu, eziningi zazo ziyi-petrochemicals. I-Xenoestrogens inamandla kakhulu kune-estrogen umzimba wakho okwenzayo, futhi ukuvezwa okukhulu kulezi zinhlanganisela ezinjenge-estrogen zemvelo kungase kube nemiphumela emibi empilweni yakho. I-Xenoestrogens isesimweni samakhemikhali abizwe ngokuthi ama-endocrine aphazamisayo ama-agent aveza isithakazelo nokukhathazeka ngendlela abathinta ngayo umzimba womuntu ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukisweni. I-Bisphenol-A etholakala kwamanye ama-plastiki yisinye isibonelo.
Ngenkathi ucwaningo lungapheli, kukhona ubufakazi bokuthi ezinye zalezi zinhlanganisela zingaphazamisa ukuthuthukiswa ngokocansi okujwayelekile, ukukhiqizwa, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi kube yinto engozini yomdlavuza webele. Sisebenzisa imikhiqizo equkethe i-xenoestrogens nsuku zonke. Zitholakala kwezinye ama-plastiki, ama-electronics, imithi, ukudla, amasobho, kanye nezibulala-zinambuzane. Imvelo yethu (amanzi, umoya, inhlabathi nezitshalo) ingcoliswa yi-xenoestrogens kusuka ekukhiqizeni ukukhiqiza nokulahlwa kwemikhiqizo equkethe i-xenoestrogens.
I-Estrogens yama-Synthetic
Ama-estrogen anama-synthetic akhiqizwa izinkampani zokwelapha futhi afaka uhlobo lwe-estrogen eyaziwa njenge- Ethinyl estradiol . Izi-estrogen ezihambisanayo, njenge-xenoestrogens, ngokuvamile zinamandla kune-estrogens yemvelo. Zitholakala emithini ejwayelekile efana namaphilisi okulawula ukubeletha kanye nokwelashwa kwe-hormone.
Ngaphambi kuka-2002, i-hormone replacement therapy (i-HRT) yayinqunywe ngezizathu ezihlukahlukene futhi ngokuvamile yayibhekwa njengephilisi eyisimangaliso eyayinganciphisa inqubo yokuguga. Kuphumelela kakhulu ekunciphiseni izimpawu zokwelashwa ezifana nokushisa okushisayo nokumelela kwesisu, futhi kubonakala sengathi kusiza ngokuguquguquka kwemizwelo evamile ngesikhathi sokuya esikhathini. Ngaphandle kokulawula izimpawu ze-menopausal, kwagubha ngenxa yokukwazi ukunciphisa ukwehlisa amathambo, futhi wacabanga ngezinzuzo ngokuphathelene nesifo senhliziyo kanye ne-Alzheimer's.
Ucwaningo lwe-Women's Health Initiative olwakhicilelwa ngo-2002 lwalusabisa abesifazane kanye nodokotela babo ngokufanayo. Isidakamizwa sangaphambili esisimangaliso, ngenkathi sisenzuzo yezibonakaliso ze-menopausal akuzange kube nenzuzo yokunciphisa ukuhlaselwa kwenhliziyo nokushaya. Futhi okubaluleke kunakho konke ukuthi i-HRT empeleni yandisa ingozi yomdlavuza webele. Ukuqinisekiswa kwalokhu okutholayo, amanani amasha amasha omdlavuza webele aqala ukwehla njengoba izinombolo ezinkulu zabesifazane ziyeka ukuthatha i-HRT.
I-Estrogens ne-Breast Cancer Risk
I-Estradiol yandisa ingozi yokuthuthukisa umdlavuza webele emadodeni ase-postmenopausal.
Imithi yokuvimbela isisu (amaphilisi okulawula ukuzalwa) iqukethe i-estrogen, futhi kunezinye izixwayiso ekusebenziseni lezi zidakamizwa. Kwabesifazane abasengozini yomdlavuza webele, ukulawulwa kokubeletha kungabangela ingozi. Amaphilisi okulawula ukubeletha nawo (kodwa okungajwayelekile) ahlotshaniswa nemivimbo kanye nama-blood clots (i-vein thrombosis ejulile).
Amazinga e-estrogen aphansi ahlobene nengozi ephansi yokuthuthukisa umdlavuza webele. Ukuba nomntwana wokuqala ngaphambi kokuba uneminyaka engama-30 nokuba nezingane eziningi kuhlotshaniswa nengozi ephansi (ngenxa yokukhiqizwa okuncishisiwe kwama-estrogens ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa). Kodwa-ke, inothi ukuthi ukukhulelwa kuhlobene nengozi ephansi yokuthuthukisa umdlavuza webele ngaphansi komugqa, kodwa ingozi enkulu emva kokubeletha empeleni iphakeme kunabesifazane abangazange babelethe.
Ngesikhathi odokotela bengasebenzisi amazinga e-estrogen egazi ukuthola ingozi yomdlavuza webele, kubalulekile ukuqaphela indima yalezi hormone ekwenzeni umdlavuza. Ukugcina amazinga e-estrogen enempilo, odokotela batusa ukuthi uthathe izinyathelo zokunciphisa ingozi yokuthuthukisa umdlavuza webele:
- Gcina isisindo esinempilo
- Nciphisa ukudla kwakho kotshwala
- Ukuzivocavoca njalo
- Gwema ukwelapha kwe-hormone yamaphaphu uma ngabe udokotela wakho ecabanga ukuthi usesengozini
- Gcina amehlo akho nezindlebe zivulekile ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nama-xenoestrogens. Eziningi zalawo makhemikhali kunzima ukugwema, kodwa uqaphele kuze kube yilapho sesiyazi ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kukhona okuhlakaniphile. Kukhona ucwaningo oluningi oluqhubekayo futhi cishe sizozwa ngaphezulu eminyakeni ezayo. Izifundo ezifana nomuntu obuka i-Bisphenol-A eyenza umdlavuza othile webele wesifo somdlavuza wesifuba ubonisa ukuthi indima ye-xenoestrogens ekuthuthukiseni umdlavuza webele ifuna ukuhlolisiswa ngokucophelela cishe kuphela isicu se-iceberg.
- Uma ucabangela ukuthatha isilwane sokulungiselela ama-phytoestrogens, khuluma nochwepheshe wezezempilo oye wafunda lezi zithako. Kunabanye odokotela abathathe isithakazelo esikhulu ekuhlanganiseni lezi zindlela ezihlukile nemithi ejwayelekile engakusiza ukuba uqonde izingozi nezinzuzo ezingenzeka.
Imithombo:
> Fucic, A., Gamulin, M., Ferencic, Z. et al. Ukuvezwa Kwemvelo Ku-Xenoestrogens ne-Estrogen Cancers Ehlobene: Uhlelo Lokuzala, Ubisi, Amangulu, Izinso, Ama-Pancreas, neBrain. Health Environmental . 2012. 11Suppl 2): S8.
> Nagaprashantha, L., Adhikari, R., Singhal, J. et al. Amathuba okuhumusha ama-Phytochemicals yemvelo nama-Phytochemicals nama-Agent Amakhemikhali ahloselwe ku-Cancer. I-International Journal of Cancer . 2017 Oct 4. (Epub ngaphambi kokuphrinta).
I-Fuhrman BJ, uSchairer C, uGail MH, et al. "I-Estrogen metabolism kanye nobungozi besifo somdlavuza webele emadodeni ase-postmenopausal". I-National Cancer Institute. 2012, 326-339.
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