Ukukhubazeka nokusabalalisa kwezinhlobo ezinhlanu ze-hepatitis
Uma wena noma othandekayo unesimo esithile se-hepatitis yegciwane, ungase uzibuze ukuthi bangaki abantu abanesifo. Nakhu ukubheka ukusabalalisa kanye nesigameko sezinhlobo ezinhlanu ze-hepatitis e-United States nasemhlabeni wonke.
Izifo zesifo sofuba e-US naseWorldwide
Uma uthola ukuthi unesinye sefomu lesi-hepatitis, awuwedwa.
Kucatshangwa ukuthi cishe amaphesenti amabili abantu base-United States bahlala nesifo sofuba esingapheli esibizwa ngokuthi i-hepatitis B noma ukutheleleka kwe-hepatitis C, ngaphandle kokushiwo ezinye izinhlobo ezintathu. I-hepatitis ingabangela ukugula noma ukufa ngenxa yezimpawu zokutheleleka kanye nezinkinga ezingase zithuthuke.
Emhlabeni wonke, ukushisa kwesifo sofuba (ikakhulukazi i-hepatitis B ne-hepatitis C) kwakunesibopho sokufa kwabantu abayizigidi ezingu-1,34 ngo-2015. Ukungafihli kwesifo sofuba kungabangela izifo zomshoshaphansi wesibindi nesifo samabindi , okubangelwa ngamaphesenti angu-96 abantu abafelwa yi-hepatitis ye-viral of any kind emhlabeni wonke. I-World Health Organization (WHO) iphinde ibike ukuthi ukushona kwesifo sofuba sekhuphukile ngamaphesenti angu-22 kusukela ngo-2000.
Ukuvimbela nokwelapha Kuqhubeka
Lezi zinombolo zingase zizwakale ziyesabekayo, kodwa intuthuko enkulu eyenziwa kokubili ukuvimbela nokwelashwa kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zesifo sofuba. Ukugoma manje kuyatholakala kokubili kwesifo sofuba A nesifo se-hepatitis B , futhi njengoba i-hepatitis D ivele kuphela lapho kutholakala isifo sofuba se-hepatitis B, lokhu kushiya kuphela u-hepatitis C kanye nesifo sofuba (E-hepatitis E) esidinga ukugoma ukuvimbela.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqonda kangcono nokuphathwa kwezici ezingozini zesifo kunganciphisa ngokuphumelelayo amacala amaningi.
Isigameko sibhekene nokukhula
Ngaphambi kokuxoxa ngezinombolo ezithile nezibalo, kuyasiza ukukhuluma ngokuthi lezi zinombolo zibikwa kanjani. Isifo sokutheleleka sikhombisa ukuthi zingaki izimo ezintsha zesifo ezitholakalayo ngonyaka othile.
Isibonelo, isifo sonyaka we-hepatitis A sibhekisela kwinani labantu abatholwa ukuthi bane-hepatitis A engaphezu konyaka endaweni ethile. Ukusabalala kwesifo, ngokuphambene, kubhekisela kwinani labantu abaphila nesifo. Lokhu akubandakanyi nje abantu abatholakalisiwe ngonyaka othile, kodwa labo abaye babhekwa esikhathini esidlule kodwa baqhubeka behlala nesifo.
Akukho "Okubi Kakhulu" Uhlobo Lwe-Hepatitis
Ngenkathi ezinye izinhlobo ze-hepatitis zingase zibulawe noma zidale izinkinga ezingapheli zesikhathi eside, akukho uhlobo olulodwa lwe-hepatitis olubi kakhulu kunalunye uma kuziwa kubantu ngabanye. Isibonelo, nakuba kuneziningi zokufa ezivela ku-hepatitis B kune-hepatitis A, umuntu ngamunye angase ahambe kangcono nge-hepatitis B kunesifo sesifo sofuba. Ukuqina kwezi zifo kuncike ezintweni eziningi, kufaka nokufinyelela ekunakekelweni okuhle kwezempilo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isimo senethiwekhi sithuthukisa, nokuningi okuningi.
I-Hepatitis A Izibalo
Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo ze-hepatitis ezingase zibe nesimo esingapheli, ukutheleleka kwesifo se-hepatitis A (kanye nesifo so-hepatitis E) kubonakala nje njengesifo esiyingozi, okusho ukuthi uma usulele ukutheleleka, akusizi izimpande emzimbeni.
Uzobe usuqede ukutheleleka noma ufe ngenxa yesifo (futhi abantu abaningi basinda.) Lesi sifo sivame ukuveza izimpawu ze-jaundice, njenge-yellowing yesikhumba, nezibonakaliso ezinjengezikhukhula ezixazulula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kodwa ezimweni ezingavamile zingaholela ukuhluleka kwesibindi nokufa.
Isifo se-hepatitis A e-US: Ngo-2014, kwakukhona amacala angu-1 239 we-hepatitis A abikwe e-United States enenani elinganiselwa ku-2 500. Ngamanye amazwi, kulindeleke ukuthi abantu ababili bahlakulele lesi sifo njengalabo abanesifo abasithola ngokusemthethweni futhi babika. Inani elilinganisiwe ngo-2015 liyi-2,800.
Ukufa e-US: Kwakukhona abantu abangu-76 ababebulewe abahlobene nokubulawa kwesifo se-hepatitis A e-US ngo-2014.
Emhlabeni wonke: I- WHO ilinganisa ukuthi i-Hepatitis A yimbangela yokufa kwabantu abangu-11 000 ngo-2015.
Indlela esakazeka ngayo: I- Hepatitis A isakazwa ngomlomo, ngamanzi noma kokudla okungcolile negciwane. Isikhathi sokukhushulwa, okuyisikhathi esiphakathi kokuchayeka nokuqala kwezimpawu, kuvame ukujikeleza amasonto amabili kuya kwamathathu, futhi ukutheleleka kungatholakala ukuthi kuhlolwa ngegazi.
I-Hepatitis B Izibalo
Ukutheleleka kwesifo sofuba B kungase kuqondwe kangcono ngokuphula lesi sifo sibe izifo ezinzima nezifo ezingelapheki.
Izifo ezithathelwanayo ngokungahambi kahle: Uma uqala ukuvezwa ku-hepatitis B, izimpawu zivame ukuvela ezinsukwini ezingu-45 kuya ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kamuva. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yisikhathi sokukhushulwa. Abantu abangamaphesenti angama-70 bazoba nezibonakaliso ngokutheleleka okukhulu kwe-hepatitis B.
Kubantu abaningi, ikakhulukazi abadala kanye nezingane ezindala, igciwane lizosuswa emzimbeni ngemuva kwalesi sifo sokuqala. Ngokuphambene nalokho, cishe abantu abangamaphesenti ayisithupha, izingane ezingamaphesenti angu-30, kanti cishe amaphesenti angu-90 ezinsana ezivezwe ngesikhathi sokuzalwa ngeke zisuse igciwane futhi zizohlakulela ukutheleleka okungapheli kwe-hepatitis B. Laba bantu babhekwa njengabathwali ngoba igciwane lihlala egazini labo futhi labo abavezwa igazi labo bangase bathuthukise lesi sifo.
Isifo esiphezulu se-hepatitis B e-US: Ngo-2014 kwakunamacala amasha angu-2,953 we-hepatitis B abikezwe e-United States, kodwa kulinganiselwa ukuthi amacala amasha angu-19 200 ayenzeka (kucatshangwa ukuthi izinga langempela lilinganiselwa ku-6.48 izikhathi isilinganiso esibikiwe.)
Ukwanda kwesifo se-hepatitis B e-US: Kucatshangwa ukuthi kunabantu abayizigidi ezingu-850 kuya kwezigidi ezingu-2.2 abaphila nesifo sofuba esingapheli B e-United States ngo-2016.
Ukufa e-US: Ngo-2014 kwaba khona ukufa kuka-1843 lapho i-hepatitis B ibhalwe khona kwisitifiketi sokufa.
Emhlabeni wonke: Kukholelwa ukuthi abantu abayizigidi ezingama-240 banesandulela ngculaza emhlabeni wonke, kanti abantu abangu-786,000 bafa ngenxa yezifo zesifo minyaka yonke. I-Hepatitis B iyimbangela ehamba phambili ye- cirrhosis yesibindi emhlabeni jikelele.
Indlela esakazeka ngayo: I- Hepatitis B iyadluliselwa ngokuchayeka ngokuqondile kwegazi noma isisu esonakele yigciwane. Izimpawu zingahluka kumnene noma azikho indlela eya ekuhlulekeni kwesibindi nokufa. Ukunakekelwa kokutheleleka okunamandla kakhulu kunakekelwa okusekelayo, ngezidakamizwa ezifana nemithi yokuvimbela i-antiviral kanye ne-interferon esetshenziselwa ukwelapha isifo esingelapheki.
Izibalo ze-Hepatitis C
Njenga-hepatitis B, i- hepatitis C nayo inezimboni ezimbili eziyingozi futhi ezingapheli, nakuba i-hepatitis C iningi kakhulu kune-hepatitis B ukuze ibe nokutheleleka okungapheli; abantu abangamaphesenti angama-55 kuya kwangu-85 abantu baqhubeka nokuhlakulela isifo sofuba esingapheli. Isikhathi sokukhushulwa lesi sifo singashintsha kusukela emavikini amabili kuya kwezinyanga eziyisithupha, kanti abantu abangamaphesenti angama-80 abanalo izimpawu ngesikhathi sokugula kwesifo. Cishe amaphesenti angu-90 esifo esingelapheki sesifo sohlobo lwe-hepatitis C angaphilika ngemithi yokulwa negciwane. Nakuba kungakabi khona umuthi wokugoma okwamanje, ukucwaninga ngokugoma kuyaqhubeka .
Isifo esiphezulu se-hepatitis C e-US: Ngo-2014 kwakunamacala amasha angu-2 194 abikekile we-hepatitis C e-United States kodwa amacala amasha angama-30,000.
Ukwanda kwesifo se-hepatitis C esingapheliyo e-US: Kulinganiselwa ukuthi abantu abaphakathi kuka-2.7 no-3.9 million bahlala nokutheleleka okungapheli kwe-hepatitis C e-United States.
Ukufa e-US: Ngo-2014, isifo so-hepatitis C sabalwa njengesizathu sokufa ezitifiketi zokufa ezingu-19,659 e-US Isikhathi esivame kakhulu kubantu abafa phakathi kuka-55 no-64.
Emhlabeni wonke: I- WHO ilinganisa ukuthi abantu abayizigidi ezingu-71 banesandulela ngculazi emhlabeni jikelele. Abantu abaningi abanesifo baqhubeka nokuthuthukisa umdlavuza we-cirrhosis noma umuthi wesibindi, futhi lesi sifo sinomthelela ekufeni kwabantu abangu-399,000 emhlabeni wonke ngonyaka.
Indlela esakazeka ngayo: I- Hepatitis C, njenge-hepatitis B, isakazwa ngokuchayeka igazi noma umuthi.
I-Hepatitis D Izibalo
Ukutheleleka kwe-Hepatitis D (okubizwa nangokuthi i-delta agent) kufana nezinye izinhlobo ze-hepatitis, kodwa kungabathinta kuphela labo abasuke benesifo sengculaza ye-hepatitis B. Ukutheleleka kunamafomu amabili: Ukwelashwa okwenziwe yi-hepatitis D ne-hepatitis B ngasikhathi sinye, futhi ukungafihleki okuphezulu , lapho ukutheleleka kwe-hepatitis D kwenzeka ngemuva kokuba usuvele usuleleke nge-hepatitis B. Coinfection ivame kakhulu (okufana nokutheleleka kwesifo se-hepatitis A), kuyilapho ukungafani nokushisa kwesifo sofuba (D epteritis D) kwenza okuningi njenge-hepatitis B futhi kungaqhubeka nokudalwa kwe-cirrhosis nokufa. Ngokuvamile ukucabanga ukuthi umuntu onesifo sokushisa isibindi B uyaqhubeka egula ngokushesha.
Izifo ze-Hepatitis D e-US: I- Hepatitis D ayidlangalaleni e-United States.
Emhlabeni wonke: Kucatshangwa ukuthi isibindi se-D sisithinta abantu abayizigidi ezingu-15 emhlabeni jikelele.
Indlela esakazeka ngayo: Njenga-hepatitis B no-C, isakazeka ngokuxhumana namanzi afana nomzimba njengegazi elithathelwanayo kanye negazi.
I-Hepatitis E Statistics
Ukutheleleka kwe-Hepatitis E kufana kakhulu ne-hepatitis A ngoba inesimo esibi kakhulu futhi ngokuvamile isifo esizimele. Njenge-hepatitis A, Nokho, abanye abantu bangase baqhubekele ukuhlakulela isifo sofuba ( ukuhluleka kwesibindi ) futhi bafe ngesifo.
Isifo se-Hepatitis E e-US: Ukutheleleka kwe-Hepatitis E akulula kakhulu e-United States.
Emhlabeni wonke: Kunezifo ezilinganiselwa ezigidini ezingu-20 zokushaywa kwesifo sohlobo lwe-hepatitis E ngonyaka wonke emhlabeni jikelele, futhi kuyinkinga enkulu eMpumalanga naseNingizimu Asia. Kulezi, izigidi ezingu-3.3 ziphenduka izibonakaliso ezinzima.
Ukufa: Kulinganiselwa ukuthi abantu abangu-44 000 bafa ngo-2015 kusukela ekutheleleni kwe-hepatitis E emhlabeni jikelele. Kungaba isifo esiyingozi kakhulu kwabesifazane abakhulelwe.
Indlela esakazeka ngayo: I- Hepatitis E iyadluliselwa ngomzila we-fecal-oral (ukudla okungcolile namanzi nokungcola okungafani ne-hepatitis A) futhi ngokuvamile kubangele izimpawu zendlela yokugaya.
Ukugonywa Umsebenzi
Njengoba kunikezwe inani elikhulu labantu abathintekayo uhlobo oluthile lwesifo sofuba, kubalulekile ukujwayela izinhlobo ezahlukene zesifo. Kulabo abasengozini, imishanguzo manje iyatholakala kokubili kwesifo sofuba A kanye nesifo sofuzo B, futhi njengoba i-hepatitis D ivele kuphela kanye ne-hepatitis B, eziningi zezi zifo manje zivinjelwe ngokugoma.
Cabanga Ukuthola Ukuhlolwa
Njengoba i-hepatitis C ivame ukungabi nalutho phakathi nesigaba esibucayi, kunabantu abaningi abathwala isifo kodwa abazi. Uma unezici eziyingozi , cela udokotela wakho ukuba akuhlole lesi sifo. Lokho kusho ukuthi abantu abaningi bahlakulela ukutheleleka ngaphandle kwezinkinga ezicacile, futhi manje kunconywa ukuthi wonke umuntu ozalwa phakathi kuka-1945 no-1965 ahlolwe lesi sifo.
> Imithombo:
> Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo (CDC). I-Hepatitis A: Imibuzo Nezimpendulo Zomphakathi. Kubuyekeziwe ngo-2 Novemba, 2017.
> Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo (CDC). I-Viral Hepatitis: Izibalo Nokuhlola. Kubuyekezwe uMeyi 11, 2017.
> I-World Health Organization (WHO). Umbiko we-Global Hepatitis, ngo-2017 . Geneva. 2017.
> I-World Health Organization (WHO). I-Hepatitis C. Kubuyekezwe u-Okthoba 2017.
> I-World Health Organization (WHO). I-hepatitis D. Kubuyekezwe ngo-July 2017.