Okubalulekile nge-Hepatitis
I-hepatitis yisifo esibonakala ukuvuvukala kwesibindi. Ngenkathi sivame ukuzihlanganisa nezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, njenge-hepatitis B noma C, zikhona nezinhlobo ezingezona amagciwane zesifo, kufaka phakathi i-autoimmune hepatitis kanye nesifo sofuba esibangelwa yi-alcoholic hepatitis.
I-hepatitis ingenzeka noma ingenazo izimpawu futhi ingase ixazululwe yodwa ngaphandle kokungenelela kwezokwelapha. Uma kwenzeka izimpawu, kungaba khona izibonakaliso zokutshela njenge-yellowing yesikhumba namehlo (i- jaundice ), ukulahlekelwa kwesifiso sokudla, kanye nokuzwa ukukhathala ngokweqile, okungapheli amasonto ngesikhathi.
I-Hepatitis Eyingozi Neyengaphelele
Ngokuya ngesibangela, isifo sofuba singasethuba njengesimo esibucayi noma esingapheli .
I-hepatitis enamandla ivame ukuba yintsholongwane yemvelo futhi ngokuvamile iyanqanda, iveza ekuqaleni izimpawu ezifana nezifo, imfucuza, ikhanda, ubuhlungu obuhlangene, isicanucanu) ngaphambi kokubonakalisa nge-jaundice, umchamo omnyama (i-choluria), nezigxobo ezinombala zobumba . Isibindi esandisiwe kanye nobuhlungu besisu noma ukunganaki (ngokuvamile kwesigcawu esingenhla esingezansi ngaphansi kwezimbambo) nazo zivamile.
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I-Hepatologist noma i-Gastroenterologist? Ukukhetha i-Right Liver Specialist
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Yini i-HBeAg noma i-Hepatitis B e-Antigen?
Ukuvuselelwa kuthatha ukuthatha cishe inyanga noma ngaphezulu, nakuba kwezinye izimo-ikakhulukazi nesifo sofuba B-kungathatha izinyanga ezine ukuze izimpawu zixazululwe ngokugcwele.
I-hepatitis engapheli, ngokuphambene, isifo esiqhubekayo. Kungaba yizibonakaliso ezingenayo izigaba ekuqaleni futhi kubonakale kuphela ukuhlolwa kwebhu. Kodwa-ke, njengoba ukuvuvukala kuqhubeka kancane kancane, kungabangela ukwakheka kwezicubu ezibomvu (okuthiwa i- fibrosis ), okungavimbela ukugeleza kwegazi ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwesibindi. Uma ukonakala kuqhubekela phambili, ikhono lesibindi sokusebenza lingalimaza kakhulu, okuholela esimweni esibizwa ngokuthi i- cirrhosis . Kule nkathi ukuthi i-jaundice nezinye izimpawu zomtholampilo zingase zivele, ngokuvamile njengezibonakaliso zesifo esibindile sesibindi.
Izimbangela ze-hepatitis zihlukene, kusukela ezifweni ezibangelwa amagciwane kuya kwezifo zofuzo nokusetshenziswa ngokweqile kotshwala. Izimbangela ezintathu ezivame kakhulu zingahle zihlukaniswe ngokubanzi njengezifo ezithathelwanayo, ezithinta umzimba, nezizimele.
Izifo ezithathelwanayo ze-Hepatitis
Nakuba i-hepatitis ye-viral iyindlela ejwayelekile kakhulu yokushisa kwesibindi emhlabeni jikelele, kunezimbangela ze-bacterial and parasitic zesifo. Lokhu kubandakanya ukutheleleka kwesibindi okubangelwa yizinto zonke ezivela ku- Salmonella nase- E. coli amagciwane kuya eziphilayo ze-protozoan ezihlasela ngokuqondile isibindi.
Ngokubhebhetheka kwesifo, sivame ukugxila ezinhlobonhlobo zegciwane lesifo sofuba, ngenxa yokuthi abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-1.5 bafa ngalesi sifo unyaka ngamunye. Amafomu amahlanu ajwayelekile kakhulu ahlobene ngokulinganayo futhi angashintsha ngezindlela zokudlulisa, ukuqhubeka kwezifo, kanye nezindlela zokuvimbela.
- I-Hepatitis A ibangelwa igciwane le- hepatitis A (HAV) futhi liyadluliselwa kakhulu ngokudla noma amanzi ahlambulukile ngendwangu enegciwane le-HAV. Iveza ngokungabikho ukuqhubekela phambili esigabeni esingapheliyo. Inkathi yokufaka incubation isilinganiso iphakathi kwezinsuku ezingu-14 no-48, ngokuthola ngokugcwele okuvela emabonakalweni acute ukuthatha izinyanga ezimbili. Umuthi wokugoma ukhona ongavimbela ukutheleleka kwe-HAV iminyaka engaba ngu-10.
- I-Hepatitis B ibangelwa igciwane le- hepatitis B (HBV) . Isakazwa ngokuxhumana negazi le-HBV-igciwane lesandulela-ngculazi, umuthi, noma umatha, noma phakathi kocansi noma ngenxa yokujova ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa. Ukukwabelana ngezidakamizwa, ukudweba okungekho emthethweni, noma ukuncelisa kungase futhi kudlulise igciwane. I-Hepatitis B ingabonisa kokubili ngendlela enhle futhi engapheli, ngesilinganiso sokunciphisa isilinganiso seminyaka engu-45 kuya kwezingu-160. Ngaphezu kwemishanguzo emibili ye-HBV , kunezidakamizwa eziyisikhombisa ezivunyelwe i-FDA ezisetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kwe-HBV. Nakuba engekho imithi ekwazi ukususa igciwane, ingakwazi ukuvimbela ngempumelelo ukuphindaphinda kwegciwane nokulimala esibindi.
- I-Hepatitis C ibangelwa igciwane le- hepatitis C (i-HCV) . I-Hepatitis C isakazeka ngokuyinhloko ngokusebenzisa ukujova ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa, kodwa ingabuye isakazwe ngokuxhumana kocansi nokusukela kumama kuya kwengane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Isikhathi sokugxila singakwazi ukuhamba ngezinsuku ezingu-14 kuya kwezingu-150. Nakuba noma yikuphi okuvela kumaphesenti angu-20 kuya kwangu-40 abantu abanegciwane lesandulela ngculaza bazosula ngokuzenzakalelayo igciwane ngaphandle kokwelashwa noma izimpawu, abasele bazoqhubeka nokutheleleka okungajwayelekile. Ngenkathi kungekho mgomo wokuvimbela ukutheleleka kwe-HBV, izidakamizwa ezintsha zokuzalwa manje sezikwazi ukuphazamisa amazinga okuphulukisa amaphesenti angu-99 emaqenjini amanye.
- I-Hepatitis D ibangelwa yi- virus ye - hepatitis D (i-HDV) futhi ingenzeka kuphela lapho umuntu esenwe yi-virus ye-hepatitis B (HBV). Ngokuyinhloko isakazwa ngokusebenzisa ukujova ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa futhi inezinga eliphakeme kunawo wonke lokubulala wonke ama-viral (amaphesenti angu-20). Ejwayelekile e-US, i-hepatitis D ibonakala kakhulu emazweni asathuthuka, afana nalawo ase-Afrika engaphansi kweSahara, eMiddle East, nasenyakatho yeSouth America. Ngenkathi ukugonywa kwe-HBV kwaziwa ukuvimbela ukutheleleka (ngoba i-HDV ayikwazi ukubonakalisa eyedwa), ukhetho lwezokwelapha lungampofu, kanti kuphela ngamaphesenti angu-20 alabo abakwelashwa abakwazi ukuthola ukukhululwa kwe-viral eqhubekayo.
- I-Hepatitis E ibangelwa yi- virus ye - hepatitis E (HEV) futhi isakazwa ngokuyinhloko ngamanzi angcolile ezindaweni ezingenamsoco. I-Hepatitis E ivame kakhulu eNdiya, eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, e-Central America, nasenyakatho nephakathi kwe-Afrika. Isikhathi sokukhushulwa siphezu kwezinsuku ezingu-14-60, kanti izifo eziningi ezinzima zixazulula zodwa. Kodwa-ke, kubantu abanamasosha omzimba ahlaselekile, lesi sifo singathuthukela ekutheleleni okungajwayelekile. Akukho muthi wokugoma osuvele ukhona ukuvimbela ukutheleleka kwe-HEV. Izinketho zokwelashwa zilinganiselwe, nakuba kuye kwaba yimpumelelo ekufezeni imvume yegciwane ngokusebenzisa i- ribavirin yezidakamizwa.
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Okufanele Ukwazi Ngohlobo Olu-5 Lwe-Hepatitis Yesivunguvungu
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Ukuhlolwa kwesifo se-Hepatitis B Surface Antibody (HBsAb) Kuqhutshwa kanjani?
Izimbangela zeMetabolic of Hepatitis
Izimbangela ze-metabolic ze-hepatitis yizo ezihlobene nezinto esingazithatha noma ezitholakale kuzo, noma lezo ezihlobene nokukhuluphala, ukushukela kwe-insulin, nesifo sikashukela. Akusho ukusikisela ukuthi umuntu "ubangele" isibindi sakhe, kodwa ukuthi kunezici ezishintshayo ezibeka umuntu engozini enkulu yokuvuvukala kwesibindi nokulimala.
Izimbangela zegazi ezibangelwa ukushisa kwesibindi zingafakwa ngokubanzi ngokuthi:
- Ukushisa kwesibindi , isandiso sezifo zesibindi sokudakwa, yisisusa esikhulu se-cirrhosis e-United States. Kuvame ukwakhiwa isikhathi eside futhi kuthiwa kuthinta cishe amaphesenti angu-10 kuya kwezingu-20 ezinxila. Ingozi ye-hepatitis ibonakala iqhathaniswa ngqo nokulingana nokusetshenziswa kwesikhathi sokuphuza utshwala, ngokudla ngokweqile okuchazwe njengama-gramu angama-80 kagwayi ngosuku ngosuku emadodeni kanye nama-40 amagremu ngosuku ngabesifazane. Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kotshwala kubuye kwaziwa ukuthi kukhulisa ubunzima be-hepatitis ye-virus , ikakhulukazi i-hepatitis B no-C.
- I-hepatitis eyenziwa yizidakamizwa yilapho ibangelwa yinani lezinyosi noma imithi umuntu angase avulelwe kuyo. Kungabandakanya ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwe-acetaminophen (i-Tylenol, i-paracetamol) , kanye nemithi eminingi ye- herbal neyokudla etholakalayo phezu kwe-counter. Izidambisigciwane ezilwa ne-TB, izidakamizwa zokulwa nemithi ye-HIV, izidakamizwa ze-statin, izisu zokubeletha ngomlomo, kanye ne-anabolic steroids ziphakathi kwamakilasi ezidakamizwa okungenzeka ukuthi ukulimala kwesibindi kungenzeka ngenxa yokusetshenziswa okuvamile.
- Isifo se-non-alcoholic fatty fover (NAFLD) sihlotshaniswa kakhulu ne- syndrome ye-metabolic , iqoqo lezimo zezokwelapha ezihlanganisa ukukhuluphala kwesisu, ukucindezela kwegazi eliphezulu, ne-lipid ephezulu, i-glucose namazinga e-cholesterol. Njengoba i-NAFLD iqhubeka, izimpawu zesifo sofuba esingapheli singakhula, sibonise izinga lokukhuphuka kwesibindi kanye ne-fibrosis. I-NAFLD ingumuthi wesithathu ovame kakhulu wezifo zesibindi e-US
I-Hepatitis ye-autoimmune
I-auto-immune hepatitis, uhlobo lwe- autoimmune isifo , isifo lapho isimiso somzimba samasosha omzimba senza ngokumelene namaseli alo wesibindi. Lesi simo sikholwa ukuthi sinobuciko bemvelo, nabanye abantu babebekelwe ukuvuvukala kwesibindi kungabikho izimbangela ezithathelwanayo noma eziyisisindo. I-autopatmune hepatitis ivame ukubonakala njalo kubesifazane, ngokuvamile phakathi kweminyaka engu-15 no-40.
Izimpawu zingahluka kusukela emnene kuya ezinzima, nabanye abantu abethutheka ngesifo sofuba (i-jaundice, ubuhlungu obukhulu kwesisu), kanti abanye babonisa izimpawu ezingapheli (njengokukhathala, ama-aches, ukuhlola okungavamile kwesibindi).
Ukuxilongwa okuqinisekisiwe kwesifo sofuba esibangelwa yi-autoimmune hepatitis kudinga isibindi se-foopsy . Izinketho zokwelapha zihlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ze-corticosteroid, i- prednisone noma i- budesonide , kokubili okungafinyelelela izinga lokubuyiswa kwamaphesenti angama-60 no-80.
> Imithombo:
> Basra G, Basra S, kanye neParudupi S. Izimpawu nezimpawu zesifo sofuba esiphuza ngokweqile. "I- World Journal of Hepatology. 2011; 35 (5): 118-120.
> Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo (CDC). I-Viral Hepatitis. I-Atlanta, Georgia.
> I-Kaplowitz N. Ukulimala Kwezilonda Ezibangelwa Izidakamizwa. Izifo Ezithathelwanayo Emitholampilo. 2004; 38 (Suppl 2): S44-S48.
> Isikhungo seNational Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK). I-Hepatitis ye-autoimmune. Bethesda, Maryland.
> I-Rinella M. Nonalcoholic fatty isifo sesibindi: ukubuyekezwa okuhlelekile. Umagazini we-American Medical Association. 2015; 313 (22): 2263-2273.