Ukuxilongwa kwe-Hypothyroidism, i-Cancer Cancer nokuningi
Ngaphandle kokuhlolwa kwemithi ephathelene ne- thyroid, izimo ze-thyroid zidinga ukuhlolwa okuqondile nezinqubo ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa. Isihloko esilandelayo sihlolisisa izindlela ezihlukene zokuxilongwa.
I-Hypothyroidism
Ukusiza ukuxilonga noma ukuphuma ngaphandle kwe-hypothyroidism, odokotela bazoqala ngokuhlolwa kwegazi okulinganisa i-hormone ye-thyroid-stimulating (TSH).
Kusukela ngo-2003, ama-laboratories amaningi aseMelika aphethe ububanzi obujwayelekile kusukela ku-0.5 kuya ku-5.5. Kodwa-ke, i- American Association of Endocrinologists Clinic isanda kuncoma ukuthi uhla olujwayelekile lubuyekezwe ku-0.3 kuya ku-3.0. Njengoba u-5.5 njengesiphetho esiphakeme sobubanzi obujwayelekile, i-TSH ngenhla leyo zinga kuthathwa njenge-hypothyroid. Ngaphansi kwemihlahlandlela emisha, noma kunjalo, i-TSH engaphezulu kwe-3.0 ingatholakaliswa njenge-hypothyroid.
Qaphela: Abanye odokotela bakholelwa ukuthi amazinga e-TSH kufanele agcinwe emazingeni aphansi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. (Bheka ukuthi yiziphi izinkambo ezijwayelekile ze-TSH ngesikhathi sezinyanga ezintathu zokukhulelwa? )
Ezinye izivivinyo zegazi ezingase zenziwe ukusiza ukuxilonga i-hypothyroidism zihlanganisa:
- Ingqikithi ye-T4 (Ingqikithi ye-Thyroxine) -Izinga eliphansi elingu-Total T4 kanye ne-TSH ephakeme lingabonisa i-hypothyroidism.
- I-T4 yamahhala (i-Thyroxine yamahhala) - i-Free T4 level ephansi kanye ne-TSH ephakeme ingabonisa i-hypothyroidism.
- Ingqikithi ye-T3 (i- Total Triiodothyronine ) - i-Total T3 level ephansi kanye ne-TSH ephakeme ingabonisa i-hypothyroidism.
- I-T3 yamahhala (i-Triiodothyronine yamahhala) - izinga eliphansi lama- T3 lamahhala kanye ne- TSH ephakeme ingabonisa i-hypothyroidism.
Izifo zikaHashimoto
I-Hashimoto's thyroiditis yisifo esizimele esisodwa esiyimbangela evame kakhulu ye-hypothyroidism. Isiguli sesifo se- Hashimoto's thyroiditis singaba nezindinganiso eziphakeme ze-TSH kanye nama-T3 aphansi ne-T4 (noma ama-Free T3 nama-Free T4).
I-autoantibodies ephezulu ye-thyroid - Anti-TPO antibodies ikakhulukazi - isici sesifo sikaHashimoto.
Izifo zamangcwaba kanye ne-Hyperthyroidism
Ukuqaphela i-hyperthyroidism kudinga ukuhlolwa okuphelele komtholampilo, lapho udokotela ehlola isiguli nesifo. I-Hyperthyroidism ingavunywa ngokusetshenziswa kwe-TSH, T4 (noma i- Free T4 ), i-T3 (noma i-Free T3) ne-Radioactive Iodine Update (RAI-U). Ukuhlolwa kwe-Radioactive Iodine (RAI-U), okukhomba i-thyroid kanye nekhono layo lokuthola i-iodine, lisetshenziselwa ukuxilonga i-hyperthyroidism, futhi kusize ukuthi ngabe i-hyperthyroidism ibangelwa isifo se-Graves. Ukuhlola isifo se-Graves nakho kuhilela njalo ubufakazi bokuthi i-Thyroid Receptor Antibodies ephakeme (TRAb) / i-Thyroid-stimulating Immunoglobulins (TSI).
Ukubuka kabanzi ukuthi isifo se-Graves nesifo se-hyperthyroidism siyatholakala kanjani kulesi sihloko: Ukuxilongwa kwezifo ze-Graves '/ Hyperthyroidism .
I-Goiter
Izinyathelo eziningana zingabandakanyeka ekuhloleni i-goiter:
- Ukuhlola nokubheka ukukhulisa intamo yakho
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuthola ukuthi i-thyroid yakho ikhiqiza inani elingavamile lehomoni ye-thyroid
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-antibodies , ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isifo esizimele esingaba yisisusa se-goiter yakho
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound ukuhlola ubukhulu bokukhuliswa
- I-isotophi ye-thyroid ye-radioactive ukukhiqiza isithombe se-thyroid futhi inikeze ulwazi olubukwayo mayelana nesimo sokwandiswa kwe-thyroid (inothi: ngenxa yokulimala okungenzeka ku-theroid yengane, lokhu akukwenzi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa noma ukuncelisa ingane)
Ama-Nodules
Ama-neodules avame ukuhlolwa ngezindlela ezilandelayo:
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi, ukuthola ukuthi ama-nodules akho akhiqiza i-hormone ye-thyroid
- I-Iodine Uptake ye-radioactive (RAI-U)
- I-ultrasound ye-thyroid yakho, ukuze unqume ukuthi i-nodule iqinile noma igcwele amanzi
- Isifiso esihle senaliti noma i- needle biopsy yamagundane akho, ukuhlola ukuthi ama-nodule noma ama-nodule angaba nomdlavuza
Kusukela ngo-2011, kusetshenzwe inqubo ekhethekile ye- needle aspiration , eqeda imiphumela engapheliyo ye-FNA biopsy. Lokhu kuhlolwa kubizwa ngokuthi i- Veracyte Afirma Thyroid Analysis .
I-Cancer Cancer
Ukuxilongwa komdlavuza we-Thyroid kungabandakanya izinqubo nezinhlolo eziningana, kubandakanya ukuhlola ngokomzimba, i-biopsy, ukuhlolwa kwe-imaging , nokuhlolwa kwegazi. Lesi sihloko sinikeza umqondo ophelele wenqubo yokuxilongwa.
Kodwa-ke, ngokujwayelekile, kuwo wonke umuntu ngaphandle kweziguli ezikhulelwe, i-RAI-U yenziwa ukuze kusize ukuthi ngabe ama-nodules ayabanda, okusho ukuthi banamandla okuba nomdlavuza.
Uma udonsa ucatshangwa ukuthi unomdlavuza, i- good fancy aspiration (FNA) biopsy iqhutshwa. Amafutha namaseli asuswa ezinxenyeni ezihlukahlukene ze-nodule, futhi lezi sampuli zihlolwe yi-pathologist. Phakathi kwamaphesenti angama-60 no-80 we-FNA ukuhlolwa kubonisa ukuthi u-nodule uyingozi. Kuphela kwezingu-20 ze-FNA ukuhlolwa kwembula umdlavuza. Okusele kwamacala kuhlukaniswa ngokuthi "okusolisayo." Ngokuvamile, ama-nodule asolisayo asuswa ngokucophelela ngenxa ye-biopsy, ukulawula noma ukuxilonga umdlavuza.
Umthombo
UBraverman, MD, Lewis E., noRobert D. Utiger, MD. Werner and Ingbar's The Thyroid: Umbhalo Eyisisekelo Nezokwelapha. 9th ed. , Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins (LWW), 2005.