Kubonakala sengathi yonke inkathi yempukane ihlukile. Eminyakeni ethile umkhuhlane ukhulu kakhulu futhi wenza abantu abaningi abagulayo neminye iminyaka akuyona into embi kakhulu. Umkhuhlane (igciwane lesifo samagciwane) okwenza abantu bagule amakhulu eminyaka, ngakho kungani kungakaze kwenzeke?
Ukuqonda Ukuhlukana Kwemfudu
Umkhuhlane ungabangelwa yikuphi kwamakhulu ezinkinga zegciwane lesandulela ngculazi.
Ngokuvamile, uhlobo olulodwa noma amabili luyobusa ngesikhathi sokuphelelwa isikhathi sonyaka. Ngeshwa, igciwane liyashintsha futhi lishintshe njalo, ngakho-ke asikwazi ukuthi iyiphi inkinga ezobusa.
Nakuba kunamakhulu ezinsiza zomkhuhlane futhi zihlanganiswa zibe yizinhlobo nama-subtypes . Umkhuhlane A, isibonelo, uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lomkhuhlane olubangela ukugula kubantu. Umkhuhlane we-A uqhutshwa ngokwengeziwe kumaqembu ka-H # N #. Isibonelo, umkhuhlane wamuva wezifo zengculaza kwenzeka ngo-2009-10. Kwaqala ngoba uhlobo lwe-H1N1 olwakusulele lwegciwane lengulube lwashukumisa futhi lwaqala ukuthelela abantu. Kwakuwuhlobo lomkhuhlane abantu abaningi ababengenalo ukuzivikela, ngakho-ke wagula ingxenye enkulu yabantu bomhlaba. Ngenhlanhla, kwakungeyona into ebulalayo njengoba ezinye izifo eziwumkhuhlane odlule, njengalezo ngo-1918 ezabulala cishe amaphesenti angu-5 omphakathi womhlaba.
Ngisho noma singenayo isifo sofuba, kukhona ukungafani kokuqina kwezinhlobo ze-influenza yonyaka.
I-Influenza A imithi kaningi kakhulu kunomkhuhlane B. Umkhuhlane we-Influenza C ungabangela nokugula kubantu, kodwa izimpawu ngokuvamile zinomusa njengezibandayo, ngakho-ke lolu hlobo lomkhuhlane alubonakali kaningi ngoba abantu abafuni ukugula ukunakekelwa lapho benakho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-subtypes athile e-influenza A awaziwa ukuthi angabangela izinkathi ezikhukhumeza kakhulu kunezinye.
Eminyakeni lapho igciwane le-H3N2 liyinkinga enkulu, sivame ukubona amazinga aphezulu esibhedlela kanye nokufa okuningi kunezinkathi lapho olunye uhlobo lomkhuhlane lwenza abantu bagule.
I-Vaccine ye-Vaccine Efficacy
I-US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) ibika ukuthi ukuphumelela kokugoma komkhuhlane kuyahlukahluka phakathi kwamaphesenti angu-40 namaphesenti angu-60 lapho umgomo ufanelana kahle nomdlavuza ojikelezayo. Le namba ngokuvamile iyancipha phakathi neminyaka lapho umgomo ungafani kahle. Nakuba lokho kukhulu kakhulu kunezinga eliphumelelayo leminye imithi yokugoma, kusengcono kunokuba ungagonywa nhlobo. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi abantu abagonywe (ikakhulukazi asebekhulile nabantwana abancane) bancane amathuba okugula, ukugodla esibhedlela, noma bafe uma bethola umkhuhlane kunelabo abangazange bagonywe.
Kungaba ukukhathazeka ukugula ngophuhlane ngisho nangemva kokuthola ukuqhuma komkhuhlane , kodwa lokho akusho ukuthi akufanelekile ukuthola. Kungenzeka ukuthi ugula kakhulu uma ungazange ugonywe. Kukhona abantu abaningi abasengozini enkulu yokuphelelwa yisifo sofuba futhi bangakwazi ukulahlekelwa kalula imiphefumulo yabo emkhuhlane uma begula. Uma ungenalo igciwane ukuze uzivikele, yenzani kumuntu okhathalelayo ukuthi ngubani ongathinteka kakhulu ngumkhuhlane.
Ongakwenza
Into ebaluleke kakhulu umuntu wonke okufanele ayenze ukuze azivikele ngonyaka ngamunye ukuthola umuthi wokugoma. Abantu abaningi abagonywe, abaphephile sonke.
Ezinye izinyathelo ezibalulekile okufanele uzithathe?
- Geza izandla zakho - Ukuhlanzeka kwesandla esifanele kuyindlela engcono yokuvimbela ukusakazwa kwazo zonke izifo, hhayi nje umkhuhlane.
- Gwema Ukuthinta Ubuso Bakho - Umkhuhlane usakazeka ngokuyinhloko ngamaconsi lapho abantu bekhwehlela futhi bagaqa kodwa futhi bangasakazeka emoyeni nangokuthinta izinto lapho igciwane lesandulela ngculazi selifikile khona. Uma uvame ukuthinta ubuso bakho, amathuba amaningi amagciwane kufanele angene emzimbeni wakho ngekhala, emlonyeni nasehlweni.
- Thola okuningi kokulala - Ukuphumula kunika umzimba wakho isikhathi sokuphulukisa nokuphinda uphinde uphelele. Ukulala ngokwanele ubusuku bonke kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umzimba wakho uyakwazi ukulwa nanoma yisiphi isifo ongase uhlangabezane nazo.
- Sebenzisa iSantiitizer Yezandla - Uma insipho namanzi ayitholakali, isilondolozi sandla siyisibonelo esihle sokuvimbela ukusakazeka kwamagciwane. Uma nje izandla zakho zingabonakali zicolile, zingakwazi ukubulala iningi lamagciwane ezandleni zakho uma zisetshenziswe kahle.
- Ungabelani Izitsha - Lesi sifundo abantu abaningi abafunda ngesikhathi besencane, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi sibuyela emikhubeni endala nabantu esibaziyo kahle. Ngeshwa, lokhu kungaholela ekusakazeni kwamagciwane nokugula, ngoba ezinye amagciwane, njengemfuluwenza, isakazeka ngaphambi kokuba sazi nokuthi sigula. Gcina iziphuzo zakho, amafoloko, imimese, izinkezo kanye neminye imikhiqizo engangena emlonyeni noma ekhaleni lakho.
Izifundo zafundwa
Phakathi neminyaka lapho ukugoma komkhuhlane kungahambelani kahle nomfutho we-influenza ojikeleza emphakathini, kungadabukisa wonke umuntu. Labo abagonywe bangase bagule, labo ababengekho bazofaka isicelo sokuthola umuthi wokugoma akusizi ngalutho ngoba "awusebenzi nhlobo," futhi izikhulu zezempilo zomphakathi zilahlwa ngenxa yokungakwazi ukuthi kuzokwenzekani.
Yiqiniso, akekho okwazi ukubona ikusasa, futhi ngeshwa imishanguzo yesifo somkhuhlane njengamanje sibhekene nezinkinga ezithile kuphela. Kuze kube yilapho kutholakala imishanguzo yonke yomkhuhlane , kuzodingeka senze konke okusemandleni ethu ngalokho esinakho. Imfundo ibalulekile ukuze abantu baqonde ukuthi umkhuhlane ungaba kanjani nokuthi indlela yokugoma imishanguzo isindisa ngayo impilo ngisho nalapho ingavumelani negciwane elijikelezayo. Ngisho naphakathi neminyaka lapho umgomo ungabonakali kahle, iningi labantu abafayo kanye nezibhedlela ziphakathi kwabantu abangenakuvulwa.
Izwi elivela
Isayensi ayizange iqhubekele endaweni lapho singakwazi ukubona ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zomkhuhlane ezizobangela ukugula ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke. Ama-virus we-Influenza aguqule futhi ashintshe njalo, okwenza kube nzima ukuqhubeka. Imishanguzo yesifo somkhuhlane esinawo njengamanje ayifanele futhi iqondene ngqo nezinkinga zegciwane ezifakiwe kuzo, okungenzeka noma kungabi yizinkinga ezenza abantu bagule ngonyaka odlule. Noma kunjalo, yisivikelo esihle kunazo zonke esinaso futhi izifundo eziphindaphindiwe zibonise ukuthi ukuthola umgomo kugcina abantu baphume esibhedlela futhi kusindisa izimpilo ngisho noma kungavumelani kahle.
Umsebenzi omningi nocwaningo kuyadingeka-futhi kwenziwa-ukuthuthukisa imishanguzo engcono yomkhuhlane engathemba ukuthi ngeke idingeke njalo ngonyaka. Kuze kube yileso sikhathi, imfundo iyisihluthulelo. Qinisekisa ukuthi uyaqonda ukuthi isifo somkhuhlane singaba sína kangakanani, sisakazeka kanjani nokuthi ungazivikela kanjani wena nomndeni wakho ekuguleni.
> Imithombo:
> Arriola C, Garg S, Anderson EJ, et al. Ukukhulelwa Kwesifo Sokukhulelwa Kuguqula Izifo Ezibucayi Phakathi Kwabantu Abahlala Emphakathini Abahlala Nezifo Ezikhungathekile Nge-Influenza. I-Dis Infect Dis . 2017; 65 (8): 1289-1297. doi: 10.1093 / cid / cix468
> CDC. Imininingwane Eyisisekelo Ngomuthi Wokugoma Umkhuhlane Wonyaka. Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo. https://www.cdc.gov/flu/protect/keyfacts.htm. Ishicilelwe ngo-Okthoba 30, 2017.
> Flannery B, Reynolds SB, Blanton L, et al. Umkhuhlane we-Influenza Ukuphumelela Ukubhekana Nezingane Ezibulalayo: 2010-2014. Izingane zokwelapha . Ngo-Ephreli 2017: e20164244. i-doi: 10.1542 / ama-peds.2016-4244
> Grohskopf LA. Ukuvimbela Nokulawulwa Kwesifo Sokukhulelwa Kwamanye Nonyaka Ngezinsana: Izincomo zeKomidi Elilulekayo Izenzo Zokugoma - I-United States, 2017-18 Isifo Sengqungquthela Isikhathi. I-MMWR Kuncoma Rep . 2017; 66. i-doi: 10.15585 / mmwr.rr6602a1
> Ukuphumelela kwegciwane - I-Vaccine Vaccine Isebenza Kanjani? | | Isikhuhlane Sonyaka (Umkhuhlane) | I-CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/flu/about/qa/vaccineeffect.htm.