3 Izithiyo zokudala umuthi wokuvimbela osebenzayo
Imishanguzo iye yambona njengesihluthulelo sokuqeda izifo eziwumshayabhuqe ezisongela impilo yomphakathi, kufaka phakathi i-polio, isishukela, i-rubella, ne-diphtheria.
Umthelela ofanayo uye wabonakala ngokugonywa kwe- hepatitis A , owasungulwa ngo-1995, nokugonywa kwesibindi se- hepatitis B , owaqala ukuqala ngo-1981. Ngokuqaliswa kwecebo likazwelonke lokugoma, inani le-hepatitis A ne-B lokutheleleka e-United States linciphile ngamaphesenti angaba ngu-95 namaphesenti angama-90, ngokulandelana.
Lokhu, ngokwemvelo, kubonisa ukuthi i- hepatitis C nemibangela yokuthi kungani singakhulisi umuthi wokugoma okwazi ukuvimbela lokho okubonakala kunzima kakhulu kulezi zinhlobo ezintathu eziphezulu ze-hepatitis?
Isilinganiso se-Epipemic ye-Hepatitis C
Isilinganiso senkinga siyamangalisa. Ngokusho kokubuyekezwa okuvela kwi-World Health Organization, abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-70 banesandulela ngculaza nge-virus ye-hepatitis C (i-HCV), kubandakanya abangaphezu kwezigidi ezintathu baseMelika. Kulaba, cishe abangaba ngu-400 000 bafa ngalesi sifo unyaka ngamunye, ikakhulukazi ngenxa ye- cirrhosis nesifo somdlavuza wesibindi .
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwezifo ezintsha ezingaphezu kuka-1.5 million ezenzeka minyaka yonke, noma yikuphi okuvela kuma-70% kuya ku-85% kuzoqhubeka nokutheleleka okuthelelekile okungamaphesenti angama-70 ekugcineni okuzokwenza kube nesifo sesibindi.
Ukubeka lezi zinombolo zibe ngeso lengqondo, izinga lokutheleleka kwe-HCV elisha lihlukile kune- HIV , kanti inani labantu ababhekene ne-hepatitis C lingaphezu kokuphindwe kabili le-HIV (izigidi ezingu-33).
Izinselele Ekuthuthukiseni I-Vaccine
Ngenkathi kunezinqubo zokwelashwa namuhla ezikwazi ukuphilisa abantu abaningi abaphila ne-HCV, indlela ecacile yokuqeda lesi sifo sinomgomo wokuvimbela ukuphepheka nokuphephile. Kuze kube manje, ososayensi baye babhalwa emizamweni yabo yokuthola eyodwa.
Nakuba abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ukugonywa kwe-hepatitis C kufinyeleleka (ngisho nangokwengeziwe, mhlawumbe, kunomgomo wokugoma i- HIV ), kunezinqinamba eziyinhloko zokunqoba.
Phakathi kwazo:
- I-HCV inezinhlobo eziningi lapho umgomo oyedwa ongasebenzi khona. Konke okushiwo, kunezinhlobo eziyisikhombisa eziyinhloko ze-HCV genotypes , ngayinye yazo enezimo ezihambisanayo nezici ezahlukeneyo. Ukwakhiwa kwegciwane kuxhomeke kulezi zici ukubeka, phakathi kwezinye izinto, lapho i-molecule yokugoma ihloselwe ukunamathela kugciwane ukuze iwuphulukise. Cabanga ngakho njengesihluthulelo. Ngombono ngamunye, indawo yesihluthulelo-nendlela okusebenza ngayo ukhiye-ihluka kakhulu. Njengalokhu, ngenkathi ukuyeka uhlobo olulodwa lwe-viral kungenzeka, lungenza kuphela ukuthi enye ithathe indawo yayo.
- I-HCV iguqule njalo futhi ngokungaqondakali. Njengesigciwane, i-HCV ijwayele amaphutha okwenza i-genetic njengoba yenza ngokushesha amakhophi ngokwayo. Lokho kusho ukuthi, ngisho naphakathi kwe-genotype eyodwa, kunezinhlobo ezingenakubalwa kanye nezinhlobonhlobo ezihlukahlukene emkhakheni wegciwane lesandulela ngculaza. Ngenxa yalokhu, ngisho noma umuthi wokugoma ukwazi ukuvimbela i-genotype eyodwa ye-HCV, kungenzeka ukuthi i-subtypes imelana nomgomo. Uma kunjalo, i-subtype encane izokwazi ukuphindaphindiwe ingahlolwa futhi, ngaleyo ndlela, igweme imiphumela yomgomo.
- Kukhona ukungabikho kwezitho zezilwane okufanele kwenziwe ucwaningo. Nge-HIV, isibonelo, ososayensi bayakwazi ukwenza izifundo zesilwane ngoba kunegciwane elifanayo elibizwa ngokuthi i- simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) etholakalayo ezigodini. Ayikho inhlobo ye-HCV engeyona yomuntu engokwemvelo. Kuze kube manje, ososayensi bathole kuphela amagciwane e-HCV-amahhashi, ama-rodents, namabhantshi, okuyizihlobo ezikude kakhulu. Ngalokho kuthiwa, amanye amaqembu okucwaninga ahlakulele izinhlelo zokuhlunga igciwane futhi athole ukuqonda okukhulu, isikhathi sangempela sokuthi igciwane lithinta kanjani amangqamuzana angenelayo nokuthi angakuvimbela kanjani ukuthi kwenzeke.
Imingcele Yokucwaninga
Naphezu kwalezi zingqinamba ezinkulu, ososayensi basondela kakhulu ekuboneni imodeli yokugoma ekwazi ukuvimbela ukutheleleka kwe-HCV. Nakuba abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ukugoma okukodwa akunakwenzeka ukuphatha zonke izinhlobo ze-genotypes ezinkulu, iningi libonakala liqiniseka ukuthi izimiso ezifanayo ezilawula umgomo owodwa kufanele zikwazi "ukuhlunga" ukudala abanye
Kukhona ukhetho oluthembisayo olwenziwe ngaphansi kophenyo. Phakathi kwabo, abacwaningi base-Australia baphenya umuthi wokugoma owaklanyelwe ukwelashwa kunokuvimbela ukutheleleka kwe-HCV. Umgomo, osuvele uboniswe ukuthi uphephile kubantu, uhlaselwa isilingo esikhulu phakathi kwabantu basejele eNew South Wales, umphakathi lapho amazinga e-HCV aphezulu khona.
Phakathi naleso sikhathi, abanye ososayensi bazama ukudweba ukulandelana kofuzo lwegciwane le-HCV kumahhashi, okungumzala osondelene kakhulu nohlobo olubonwa kubantu. Abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi uma ososayensi bekwazi ukuvimbela noma ukunciphisa leyo gciwane, izimiso ezifanayo zingasetshenziswa ohlobo lomuntu, zivula umnyango wokugoma ngempumelelo noma kuphi kusukela eminyakeni emihlanu kuya kweyishumi.
> Imithombo:
> Abdelwahab, K., no Said, A. "Isimo se-Hepatitis C Virus Vaccination: Ukuvuselelwa Kwamuva." I-World J Gastroenterol. 2016. 22 (2): 862-73. I-DOI: 10.3748 / wjg.v22.i2.862.
> Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo. "I-Hepatitis Viral: I-Hepatitis C Ulwazi." I-Atlanta, Georgia; ibuyekezwe ngo-Okthoba 17, 2016.
> I-World Health Organization. "I-Hepatitis C: I-Fact Sheet Sheet." I-Geneva, eSwitzerland; kubuyekezwe Okthoba 17.