Ngo-2010, uhulumeni wase-United States uphonse phansi incazelo yezokulingana kwezempilo ngokuthi "ukuzuza izinga eliphakeme lempilo kubo bonke abantu." Lokho kusho ukuthi wonke umuntu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uhlanga, isimo sezenhlalo nezomnotho, i-geography, noma isimo, sinokudubula okufanayo ekuphileni impilo enempilo. Kuyinjongo ephakeme, futhi ukuyifeza kuyodinga izinguquko ezinhle kakhulu kuwo wonke amazinga-kusuka kubantu ngabanye kuya emphakathini wonke.
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Inkulumo ethi "ukulingana kwezempilo" ivame ukuphonswa nxazonke ekunciphiseni ukungalingani kwempilo- okungukuthi, izikhala ezithile ezempilo phakathi kwabantu abathintekayo ngokuqondile emiphakathini yezomnotho noma yezemvelo.
Isibonelo, abantu abamnyama e-United States banamathuba amaningi okufa ngenxa yomdlavuza kunanoma yimuphi omunye umhlanga noma uhlanga. Abantu abangenayo imali encane kanye nezinhlanga ezimbalwa abanamathuba okuba nomshuwalense wezempilo. Futhi uma bekwazi ukuthola ukwelashwa, ezimweni eziningi bathola ukunakekelwa okuphansi uma kuqhathaniswa nabalingani babo abamhlophe. Ukunciphisa ukungalingani kwempilo kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ekufinyeleleni ukulingana kwezempilo.
Imizamo yokunciphisa noma yokuqeda lezi zingalingani ziye zagxila kakhulu ekuvimbeleni izifo noma ekwelapheni. Kodwa odokotela abaningi kanye nabaqeqeshi bezempilo emphakathini bayashesha ukukhomba, ukungaguli akufani nokuphila okunempilo. Kunezici ezihlukahlukene ezisekudlaleni lapho sikhuluma ngokudla kwezempilo, izinga lomsebenzi, ukucindezelwa kwegazi , njll.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi une-infection noma isimo esithile sezokwelapha kuphela yingxenye ye-puzzle.
Ngakho-ke, ukuthola ukulingana kwempilo, akuyona nje ukulawula noma ukuqeda izifo. Ngokuphathelene nokubheka okubambe abantu abathile emuva ekufezeni impilo yonke jikelele.
Ukulingana kwezempilo akufani nokulingana kwezempilo.
Akwanele ukuqinisekisa ukuthi wonke umuntu unamathuba afanayo afanayo; kufanele babe namathuba afanele isimo sabo. Isibonelo, uma unikeza wonke umuntu ekamelweni izicathulo zesayizi ezingu-10, lokho kungalingana nokuthi wonke umuntu uzothola into efanayo-hhayi, hhayi ngaphansi-kodwa ngeke kube nokulingana ngoba akuwona wonke umuntu ogqoka usayizi Abanye abantu manje bayoba nzuzo ngoba izicathulo zingcono kakhulu, kanti ezinye azikho kangcono kunakuqala. Kungaba nokulingana okulinganayo ukuthi wonke umuntu athole izicathulo ngobukhulu obufanele.
Okwenza Kubalulekile
Ukuba nempilo kuncike kakhulu ekuziphatheni okuningi okufana nokudla nokuzivocavoca kwakho, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ubhema noma usebenzise izidakamizwa, noma ukuthi usheshe ukwazi ukubhekana kanjani nezindaba zezokwelapha ngaphambi kokuba zibe sína. Ukuthatha umthwalo wemfanelo wakho wokugcina nokuthuthukisa impilo yakho kubalulekile, kodwa lokho esikhetha ukukwenza impilo yethu kuxhomeke ekukhethweni okukhona kithi.
Uma uhlala endaweni eyimigwaqo ephukile, awekho amapaki, futhi imoto ethwala kakhulu, ukuphuma ngaphandle ukuze usebenzise umzimba kungase kungabi yindlela enhle. Ngokufanayo, uma izindawo kuphela zokuthenga ukudla endaweni yangakini zinikeza izinga eliphansi, ukudla okusetshenzisiwe kanye nezinketho ezibizayo kodwa ezilinganiselwe zomkhiqizo omusha, kuzoba nzima ukudla ukudla okunempilo.
I-adage endala phakathi kwezifundiswa zezempilo zomphakathi yilezi: Uma ufuna abantu benze izinqumo ezinempilo, kufanele "wenze okulungile ukhetho olulula." Kodwa kwabanye abantu base-United States, ukukhetha okulungile akutholakali ngisho, vumela yedwa lula. Ukulingana kwezempilo kusho ukukhipha noma ukunciphisa ukuvimbela okukhulu-kodwa okugwemekile nokungadingekile-noma ukuphazamisa abantu ukubuyisela emathubeni okuthuthukisa impilo yabo kanye nemindeni yabo.
Akuyona indaba nje yobulungiswa bezenhlalo. Ukungalingani kwezempilo nokunakekelwa kwempilo kuyabiza. Ngokwesilinganiso esisodwa , cishe ingxenye yesithathu yezindleko zokwelapha eziqondile zabamnyama, ama-Hispanics, nama-Asian-American ngenxa yokungalingani kwezempilo, futhi izindleko ezihlangene ezihambisana nalezi zinto ezingafani (kuhlanganise nokufa ngaphambi kwesikhathi) kulinganiselwa ukuthi ziyi $ 1.24 trillion phakathi kuka-2003 no-2006.
Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma kuziwa ezindabeni zezempilo ezinganeni. Uma bonke abantwana benamathuba afanayo emiphumela yezempilo njengabantwana abacebile, ukusabalala kwemibandela ethile efana nesisindo sokuzalwa esiphansi noma ukulimala okungenhloso kungaphonsa ngamaphesenti angaba ngu-60 kuya kwangu-70. Izingane ezingenampilo zivame ukukhula zibe ngabantu abadala abangenalo impilo, okwenza kube nomjikelezo ononya ohlangene nempilo yemindeni, kodwa futhi nempilo yabo yengqondo nezezimali.
Ukufezekisa ukulingana kwezempilo kwasebuntwaneni ikakhulukazi kungaba nemiphumela emibi emphakathini, kufaka phakathi amandla okunciphisa inani elichithwe ekunakekelweni kwezokwelapha e-United States futhi kukhuliswe umnotho wonke.
Ukufeza Ukulingana KwezeMpilo
Ukuze uthole ukulingana kwezempilo, i-United States kumele iqale kuqala ukubaluleka kokuphila komuntu wonke ngokulinganayo. Lokho kuzothatha imizamo ejulile, ephikisanayo, eqhubekayo yokunqanda ukungalingani okugwemekile emiphumeleni yezempilo nokufinyelela kwezempilo, ukungabi nabulungiswa okulungile, nokuvala izikhala ezinkingeni zempilo. Kuyinto umsebenzi omkhulu futhi edinga imizamo emphakathini ngamunye, umphakathi, kanye nezwe.
Izinhlangano eziningi, izinhlangano zobuchwepheshe, kanye nabantu ngabanye baye bahlela izinhlelo zokufika lapho, kuhlanganise ne-Healthy People 2020, i-American Academy of Pediatrics, ne-American Public Health Association. Ngesikhathi lezi zinhlelo zihluka kancane ngokwezinto okudingeka zenziwe futhi yiziphi, kunezihloko ezithile ezivamile.
Ukubona ukungalingani kwezempilo okuyinhloko nezimbangela zabo eziyisisekelo.
Njenganoma iyiphi indlela yezempilo yomphakathi enkingeni, isinyathelo sokuqala ukuthola ukuthi kwenzekani nokuthi kungani. Isu elivamile ukubuza umbuzo othi "kungani" izikhathi ezinhlanu.
Yisho, ngokwesibonelo, wena wesikhumba sakho.
- Kungani? Ngoba uhambe endleleni.
- Kungani? Ngoba unyawo lwakho lubanjwe endaweni engalingani.
- Kungani? Ngoba umgwaqo udinga ukulungiswa.
- Kungani? Ngoba uhulumeni wendawo akazange alungise umgwaqo ogwadule kule ndawo isikhathi eside.
- Kungani? Ngenxa yokuthi ayinayo imali eyanele yokulungisa ama-walkways abonakele kuzo zonke izindawo lapho kudingeka khona.
Ungabeka nje ukubopha emadolweni akho bese uqhubeka nokuphila-kodwa lokho ngeke kuvimbele abanye ekukhumbuleni amadolo. Isixazululo esingapheli nesiphezulu sizoba ukugqugquzela uhulumeni wasekhaya ukuba aphakamise noma acele izimali ezingaphezulu zokuxhasa amaphrojekthi okuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda.
Yiqiniso, lokhu kuyi-oversimplification eyengeziwe, kodwa kubonisa isidingo sokumba impela ngokujulile ukuze uhlole hhayi nje inkinga kodwa izixazululo zesikhathi eside zokuzilungisa. Izinkinga zezempilo zomphakathi zivame ukuba nezimbangela eziyinkimbinkimbi.
Ubheke ezinye izinto ezingenakulungiseleka kahle.
I-United States inomlando omude futhi oyinkimbinkimbi wokukhuthaza ezinye zezomnotho, ubuhlanga nezinhlanga phezu kwabanye-kungaba ngemithetho kanye nezinqubomgomo noma imigomo yamasiko. Akuwona wonke umuntu ophathwa ngokulinganayo. Akuwona wonke umuntu onamathuba afanayo. Futhi akuwona wonke umuntu obhekana nezinselele ezifanayo. Ukuncintisana nezinto, ukuxhaswa okuningi akukwazi, futhi ukucwaswa kuqhutshwa ngabanye abavame ukungabi nalutho abakwenzayo.
Ngeshwa, lokhu kwenzeka ngaso sonke isikhathi kuzilungiselelo zokunakekelwa kwezempilo, lapho izifundo zibonise abahlinzeki ukuhlinzeka ukunakekelwa kwekhwalithi ephansi kanye nokukhulumisana okuncane kunamaqembu amancane uma kuqhathaniswa neziguli zabo ezimhlophe.
Isinyathelo esibalulekile ekuphulukiseni lezi zihlukaniso ngukuxoxisana okuvulekile nangokwethembeka mayelana nokuthi siyisizwe esingakwenza kangcono ukwenza izinto zibe zilingana nokuthi yiziphi izinguquko okudingeka zenziwe ukuze zifike lapho. Lokhu kusho ukuvuma nokuqonda umlando womphakathi onikeziwe, ukulalela ngengqondo evulekile kubantu ababhekene nokungalingani, nokuqaphela ukuthi nini futhi kuphi lapho sikwazi ukunikeza abantu amathuba okulingana ukuze baphile.
Shintsha noma wenze imithetho, izinqubomgomo, nezinhlelo kuzo zonke izigaba zomphakathi ukunikeza wonke umuntu ukudubula okufanayo ukuze abe nempilo enhle.
Umthetho Wokunakekelwa Okungenakusiza wenziwa ngonyaka ka-2010 futhi waqalwa ngokugcwele ngo-2014 ngethemba lokuvumela abantu abaningi ukuba bathole umshuwalense wezempilo e-United States, ngaleyo ndlela banciphise ukungalingani okuhlobene nokufinyelela ukunakekelwa kwezempilo. Ngenkathi kunomgwaqo onzima emphakathini, umthetho wenza inqubekela phambili ekuvaleni izikhala. Ngo-2016, inani labantu abangaqinisekisiwe e-United States lase liye lahla cishe cishe ingxenye, lithinta kakhulu amaqembu angaphambilini ahlelelekile afana nabamnyama, ama-Hispanics, nalabo abahlala ebumpofu.
Ngokufanayo, izinhlelo ezifana ne-Medicaid (kulabo abahlala ebumpofu kanye / noma abakhubazekile) kanye ne-Medicare (kulabo asebekhulile) basiza ukunikeza umshuwalense wezempilo kulabo abangase bangakwazi ukufinyelela kuwo ngaphandle kwalokho. Nakuba umshuwalense wezempilo uyingxenye eyodwa yephazili yokulingana kwezempilo, umthetho onjengoba isinyathelo esibalulekile sokusiza izikhala eziseduze ekufinyeleleni.
Indawo engayinaki indawo eyenza ukungalingani kwezempilo ingqalasizinda. Uma umakhelwane othile ephukile emigwaqeni, kungekho amapaki, ubugebengu obuphezulu, futhi ambalwa izitolo ezinomkhiqizo omusha, kungaba yinkinga emindenini yakuleyo ndawo ukulandela ukuzivocavoca nsuku zonke kanye nezincomo zokudla okunomsoco ukuze ugcine impilo enempilo.
Isibonelo, izidumbu zokudla (lapho ukuthenga okugcwele okuthengiswa khona kwempahla kugcina ukuthengisa umkhiqizo omusha kanye nezinketho zokudla okunempilo kuncane noma kungekho) nezintaba zokudla (lapho izinketho ezingenampilo ezifana nokudla okusheshayo zigcwele kakhulu endaweni enikeziwe) mhlawumbe zinganciphisa ngezinga lendawo ukungenelela njengemikhakha yokuhlukaniswa kwemikhakha noma ukugqugquzelwa kukahulumeni noma izinhlelo zemfundo yezempilo ezenziwa yiminyango yezempilo yendawo, izikole noma ezinye izinhlangano.
Yakha ubudlelwano phakathi komphakathi.
Isinyathelo esibalulekile nanoma yikuphi ukungenelela kwendawo, emphakathini, noma kazwelonke ukuqala ukuqinisekisa ukuthi wonke umuntu othintekayo kufakwe engxoxweni. Abantu kanye nezinhlangano ezinesithakazelo esinikezwe ngokuguquguquka okunikeziwe-ezaziwa ngokuthi "ababambiqhaza" -ngabe kufanele zenze inqubo uma kukhona ukungenelela okuzophumelela, ikakhulukazi uma kuxhomeke ekushintsheni kokuziphatha kusuka eqenjini elinikeziwe.
Kunomfanekiso wezempilo womphakathi ohamba kanje: Inhlangano ifuna ukumba umthombo emzaneni okude lapho imindeni yayihamba khona ngamamayela nsuku zonke ukuze ithole amanzi. Wangena wangcwenga umthombo wabe esehamba, ekholelwa ukuthi basombulule inkinga ebalulekile. Kodwa lapho bebuya ukuyobona ukuthi leli dolobha lithintekile kanjani, lo mthombo washiywa ungasetshenzisiwe futhi ulahlekile. Lapho bebuza ukuthi kungani abantu bendawo bengasebenzisanga lo mthombo, bathola ukuthi abesifazane basemzaneni empeleni bathande ukuhamba emfuleni ngoba kwakuyisikhathi sokuzijabulisa.
Ngenkathi inhlangano icele abadala basemadolobheni imvume yokukwakha lo mthombo, akekho ocabanga ukubuza abesifazane ukuthi bekuzozuza. Ukuziphatha kwendaba kulula: Uma ufuna ukusiza abantu, kumele ubathinte ekusebenzeni. Ukwakha ukwethenjwa nokuthola ukungena kulabo abahilelekile kubalulekile ekuphumeleleni kwanoma yimiphi imizamo yezempilo yomphakathi.