I-Brain ischemia, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-cerebral ischemia noma i-ischemia ye-cerebrovascular, kwenzeka uma kunesilinganiso esanele sokweqa kwegazi kuya ebuchosheni. I-oksijeni nezakhi ezibalulekile zithathwa egazini ngokusebenzisa imishanguzo, okungukuthi imithwalo yegazi ethwala igazi le-oxygen ne-nutrient-rich to every part of the body.
Imishanguzo ehlinzeka igazi ebuchosheni ilandela indlela ethile eqinisekisa ukuthi yonke isifunda sobuchopho sinikezwa ngokwanele ngegazi kusuka emthinini owodwa noma ngaphezulu.
Uma umthambo ebuchosheni uvinjelwa noma uchitheka, lokhu kuholela ekwenzeni i-oksijeni enciphise amandla esifundeni sobuchopho esithembele kulowo mshini.
Ngisho nokulahlekelwa okwesikhashana okwenjini okomoya kungaphazamisa umsebenzi wesifunda sokuphuza umoya-mpilo. Eqinisweni, uma amangqamuzana obuchopho abanjelwa umoya we-oxygen ngaphezu kwemizuzwana embalwa, umonakalo omkhulu ungenzeka, okungabangela ukufa kwezicubu zobuchopho. Lolu hlobo lokufa kwesisu lobuchopho luyaziwa ngokuthi i-infarction ye-cerebral noma isifo se-ischemic.
Izimpawu
Izimpawu zobuchopho ischemia zingahluka kusuka emnene kuya ezinzima. Bangakwazi ukuhlala kusuka kumasekhondi ambalwa kuya emaminithini ambalwa. Uma i-ischemia imfushane futhi ixazulula ngaphambi kokulimala okungapheli (ukuhlukumeza) kungenzeka, khona-ke umcimbi uvame ukubizwa ngokuthi ukuhlasela kwe-ischemic okudlulayo (TIA.)
Uma ubuchopho bulimala ngenxa ye-ischemia, izimpawu zingase zibe unomphela.
Izimpawu zobuchopho ischemia zifaka okulandelayo:
- Ubuthakathaka bomzimba kuhlangothi olulodwa noma zombili zomzimba
- Ukulahlekelwa kwenzwa komunye owodwa noma zombili izinhlangothi zomzimba
- Ukudideka noma ukudideka
- Izinguquko embonweni owodwa noma kokubili amehlo
- Isizungu, Vertigo
- Umbono kabili
- Inkulumo emisiwe
- Ukulahlekelwa ukuqonda noma ukuncipha kwengqondo
Izinhlobo
I-ischemia ye-Brain ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbalwa ezihlukene.
Lokhu kufaka:
- I-thrombotic- lena uhlobo lwe-ischemia elibangelwa ukuvinjelwa kwesitsha segazi, ngokuvamile ngenxa ye-clot yegazi noma ukuphazamiseka okungazelelwe kwe-artery.
- I-embolic - lena uhlobo lwe-ischemia elibangelwa i-clot yegazi eyenza ngomshini bese ihamba kwenye ibhetri (evame kakhulu), okwenza kube nokuvinjelwa emthonjeni wokuphela.
- I-Hypoperfusion- lokhu kubangelwa ukuntuleka kwegazi jikelele. Ukuhlaselwa kwenhliziyo, ukulahlekelwa kwegazi okukhulu ekudleni noma ukuhlinzwa kungabangela ukwehla kokugeleza kwegazi jikelele ebuchosheni.
I-ischemia ingathinta isifunda esincane sobuchopho, noma ingathinta isifunda esikhulu sobuchopho noma ngisho nobuchopho bonke.
- I-Focchem ischemia ivaliwe endaweni ethile yobuchopho. Ngokuvamile kwenzeka uma i-clot yegazi ivimbele umshini ebuchosheni. I-ischemia ye-Focal ingaba umphumela we-thrombus noma i-embolus.
- I-ischemia yomhlaba wonke ithinta indawo ebanzi ebuchosheni futhi ngokuvamile ivela lapho igazi linikezwa ebuchosheni liye lanciphisa kakhulu noma liyeka. Lokhu kubangelwa ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo.
Izimbangela
I-Brain ischemia ihlotshaniswa nezifo eziningi ezahlukene noma ukungalungi. Bangase bahlanganise okulandelayo:
- Isifo se-sickle cell noma ezinye izifo zegazi.
- Imithwalo yegazi engalungile
- Ukwakhiwa kwe-plaque ye-arterial
- Izinkinga zenhliziyo ezibangelwa yi-Congenital
- Isifo senhliziyo
- Ama-clots egazi
- Umfutho wegazi ophansi
- Isifo senhliziyo
- I-tachycardia ye-Ventricular
Izwi elivela
I-Brain ischemia ingavinjelwa. Ukwelashwa kwengqondo ischemia kuhlanganisa imithi eminingi esetshenziselwa ukwelashwa nokuvinjelwa kwesifo sochungechunge.
Ukuvinjelwa kobuchopho ischemia kuhlanganisa imithi engakusiza ukufezekisa ukucindezela kwegazi okuhle , kanye nemithi yokunciphisa ama-cholesterol nezinga lamafutha. Ukuguqulwa kokudla kungasiza ekufezeni amazinga e-cholesterol ahle.
Ukwelashwa kwe-ischemia ngokuzumayo kuhlanganisa imithi e-intravenous, i- Alteplase (tPA) .
Uma kulawulwa zingakapheli amahora amathathu okuxilongwa, lokwelapha okuphuthumayo kuye kwaboniswa ukuze kuthuthukiswe umphumela wezokwelapha ngemuva kokushaya.
Ngezinye izikhathi, ngemuva kokushaywa yisifo, abanye abasindile basengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa yi- post-stroke . Imishanguzo yokulwa ne-Anti-seizure ingasiza ekuvimbeleni ukuthunjwa okulandelayo ngemuva kokushaya isifo futhi kungaphinde ilawule ukuhlukumeza ngemuva kokushaya uma ihlakulela.
> Imithombo:
> Ukuqondisa phambili ku-Neuroprotection: Kusukela ku-Hypoxia kuya kwe-Ischemia. Li S, Hafeez A , Noorulla F, Geng X, Shao G, Ren C, Lu G, Zhao H, Ding Y, Ji X, Prog Neurobiol. 2017 Jan 18. pii: S0301-0082