Uma wena noma othandekayo usanda kutholakala ukuthi unesifo somdlavuza wesibindi, kubalulekile ukuchitha isikhathi esithile ukucubungula ulwazi. Ngenkathi ungase uhlangane nobuningi bezimzwelo, kusukela entukuthelweni kuya ekungakholweni, kufanele uziqiniseke ukuthi usuvele uthatha izinyathelo ezidingekayo zokuqala ukubhekana nokuxilongwa kwakho okusha-okungukuthi, ukufunda ngakho.
Kulesi sihloko somdlavuza wesibeletho, sizoxoxa ngezinto eziyisisekelo salokho okuyisigqila kanye nendima yayo ohlelweni lwe-urinary, indlela umdlavuza oqala ngayo, kanye nemigomo evamile esetshenziselwa ukuchaza izinhlobo ezahlukene zesimo.
Qinisekisa ukuthi uhlomele ngokuphelele ukuba nengxoxo enolwazi neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo.
Uhlelo lwe-Urinary Tract System
Uhlelo lwe-urinary luhlanganisa izitho ezilandelayo:
- Izinso
- Ureters
- Isambiso
- Urethra
- I-prostate gland (amadoda kuphela)
Izinso kukhona izitho ezimbili ezinobhontshisi ezisemuva kwesisu, ngaphansi kwesigxathu ngakwesokunxele, nangaphansi kwesibindi ngakwesokudla. Sinemisebenzi emithathu eyinhloko:
- Hlunga imfucuza kusuka egazini
- Yenza umchamo
- Lungisa kokubili ukucindezeleka kwegazi kanye nosawoti namanzi okulinganisa
Uma umchamo ukhiqizwa izinso, uhamba nge-tube ehlangene nezinso zonke, okuthiwa i-ureter. Ama-ureters ahlanganiswe nemisipha kanye nemisipha eyenza ukuhambisa umchamo phansi kwesinye.
Isisu sinesitho esingenalutho, esisisindo esilondoloza umchamo-ezizungeze izinkomishi ezimbili ngesikhathi-futhi sisezintabeni. Uma uchama, ukukhishwa kwesikhumba, okulawulwa ubuchopho bakho nomgogodla, kukhishwa umchamo ngaphandle kwesigqila ku-urethra, umzila ophethe umchamo ngaphandle komzimba.
Emadodeni nakwabesifazane, i-urethra isebenza umsebenzi ofanayo. Yize, emadodeni, i-urethra idlula i- prostate gland , isilwane esincane esiseduze nesigcawu. Ngenkathi i-prostate gland ibandakanyeka ekuzaleni kwamadoda, ayinani elikhulu ekuhambeni komchamo komuntu.
Yeka ukuthi umdlavuza we-Cancer uqala kanjani
Amalungu akhiwe ngamaseli futhi, esithombeni esinempilo, amangqamuzana akhula futhi ahlukanise ngendlela elawulwayo, ehlelekile. Kodwa, ngezinye izikhathi, lapho amangqamuzana asemzimbeni eqala ukukhula nokuhlukanisa ngendlela engalawulwa, umdlavuza ungase uvele.
Lezi zinambuzane zomdlavuza ziqhubeka zanda, ekugcineni zenza isisu noma umthamo ongahlasela amathissi enempilo aseduzane, okuthinta umsebenzi wabo kanye nezimpawu ezingabangela (njengegazi emcinini noma ebuhlungu). Uma kungelashwa, umdlavuza ungangena egazini kanye / noma eziseduze zelph nodes futhi zisakaze kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.
Isibilini sinamaqabunga amaningi futhi ungqimba ngalunye lwakhiwe ngamaseli ahlukene asebenza umsebenzi ohlukile. Ingxenyeni engaphakathi yesikhumba, ebizwa ngokuthi i-urothelium, yilapho iningi lamagciwane ekhanda eqala khona.
Amaseli angaphakathi angabizwa ngamaseli ashintsho, yingakho kungenzeka ukuthi uzwile igama elithi transitional cell carcinoma noma i-urothelial carcinoma. (I-Carcinoma enye igama lomdlavuza). Amaseli ashintsho alula lapho isilwane sigcwele umchamo bese sinciphisa lapho isilonda singenalutho.
Ngaphandle kwe-urothelium ungqimba oluncane lwezitshezi zegazi kanye nezinzwa ezilandelwa uhlaka oluyisigxathu samasipha futhi uhlaka lwamanoni.
Njengoba umdlavuza wesibeletho ukhula, ungangena ngaphakathi noma ngokusebenzisa lezi zigaba.
Uma umdlavuza wesisu unwebile ube ungqimba we-muscular obukhulu, kubhekwa njengokungenangqondo, okusho ukuthi kunzima kakhulu ukwelapha. Umdlavuza wesibeletho esingenasidalwa noma ongenawo umonakalo kulula ukuwuphatha, njengoba uqukethe.
Isithombe esikhulu lapha ukuthi umdlavuza womlenze wesigqila ukwanda, kuthuthuka kakhulu futhi kuba nzima nakakhulu ukuphatha. Ekugcineni, umdlavuza wesibeletho ungasakazeka ezindaweni ezingaphandle kwesigqila noma kwezinye izitho, njengamathambo, isibindi noma amaphaphu. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi i- metastasis .
Izinhlobo Ze-Cancer Cancer
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi wena noma othandekayo uye wathola ukuthi unesifo somdlavuza wesibeletho (noma ufuna ukumane ufunde kabanzi), kubalulekile ukuhlala usebenza kahle emzimbeni wakho wesibindi kanye nendawo yonke.
Funda ukuthi ungakwenza yini, kodwa zama ukungena emininingwaneni.
Namathela esithombeni esikhulu, faka amanye alawa magama, futhi uqiniseke ukuthi uzobhekana nanoma yimiphi imibuzo noma ukukhathazeka nodokotela wakho. Nazi ezinye izinhlobo ezahlukene zesifo somdlavuza wesisu nokuthi yini okudingeka ukwazi.
I-Canrothelial Cancer
I-urothelial carcinoma (eyaziwa nangokuthi umdlavuza wamangqamuzana wesikhashana) yilona uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lomdlavuza wesibeletho, olwenzeka kumaphesenti angu-90 kuya kwangu-95 weziguli. Unama-subtypes amabili:
- I-Papillary carcinoma
- Carcinoma flat
Lezi zinhlayiya zichaza ukuthi umdlavuza ubonakala kanjani futhi ukhula ngaphakathi kwesinye. I-carcinoma ye-papilla ibukeka njengomunwe futhi ikhula kusukela ngaphakathi kwengqamuzana yesibindi, i-urothelium, enkabeni. Futhi, ngoba zikhula phakathi nendawo, zivame ukugwema ukuhlasela izingxenyeni zangaphandle zesisindo.
Ngokuphambene nalokho, i-carcinoma ephathekayo ibonakala njengesixuku esincane noma ukukhula okulele ngaphakathi kwesikhumba. Ngokungafani ne-papillary carcinomas, azikhuli ukuya enkabeni.
Ukubhema i-cigarette kuyinhloko enkulu engozini yokuthuthukisa i-urothelial carcinoma. Yenza isigamu sezo zonke izifo zesifo e-United States.
I-Squamous Cancer Cancer
Ngaphandle kwe-carrooma ye-urothelial, kunezinye izinhlobo ze-cancer ezingenayo urothelial yesinye, kepha lezi azivamile. Isibonelo, i-squamous cell carcinoma yesibindi iqala emangqamuzaneni amhlophe, amangqamuzana abizwa ngokuthi ama-squamous cells angase ayenze ngesisu ngemva kokutheleleka isikhathi eside.
Isibonelo esilandelayo se-squamous cell carcinoma yesigqila sisesimweni somuntu one-parasite i- Schistosoma haematobium, etholakala e-Afrika naseMpumalanga Ephakathi. Ukwelashwa okungapheli kwamagciwane noma ukucasuka okuvela emkhomeni ohlala ngaphakathi kungase kube yizinto eziyingozi zokuthuthukisa.
Adenocarcinoma
Lolu hlobo aluvamile, lubalo cishe ngamaphesenti angama-2 kuya kwangu-2 kuwo wonke ama-cancers ekhanda e-United States. Njenge-squamous cell carcinoma, ukutheleleka nge-parasite I- Schistosoma haematobium noma ukucasula okungapheli kwesisu kungandisa ithuba lomuntu lokuthuthukisa i-adenocarcinoma.
Ezinye izinhlobo
Kunezinye izinhlobo ezingavamile zomdlavuza wesibeletho, njenge-cell carcinoma encane yesibindi kanye ne-melanoma. Kungakhathaliseki uhlobo, noma kunjalo, ukwelashwa ngokuvamile kufana nomdlavuza wesibeletho sokuqala, nakuba i- chemotherapy ingahluka.
Igciwane lesifo sofuba: Izigaba namaBanga
Ukunquma ukuthi umdlavuza wesisu womuntu ususondele kangakanani ubizwa ngokuthi isiteji. Lesi yisici esibaluleke kakhulu sokuhlolwa kukadokotela ngoba kubeka uhlelo lomuthi lomuntu.
Ibanga lomdlavuza wesibeletho nalo liyingxenye ebalulekile yokuhlolwa kukadokotela futhi libhekisela ekutheni amangqamuzana omdlavuza abukeka kanjani ngaphansi kwe-microscope. Umdlavuza wesibeletho ungaba yizinga eliphansi, okusho ukuthi amangqamuzana omdlavuza abukeka sengathi afana namangqamuzana anesisindo esinempilo, noma izinga eliphezulu, okusho ukuthi amangqamuzana omdlavuza abonakala engavamile futhi angathandi amaseli anesithombeni.
Umdlavuza wesisu omncane ophansi ovamile awusakazeki emgqeni wesisu, kanti umdlavuza wezinga eliphezulu kungenzeka. Ngokuvamile, lokhu kusho ukuthi umdlavuza wesisu omncane osezingeni eliphansi ngokuvamile unikeza iziguli ithuba elingcono lokubuyiselwa.
Izwi elivela
Ukuguqula umdlavuza wesibeletho kudinga isikhathi kanye nesineke kanye nokulindela ukuthi umgwaqo ozayo ungase ube ama-bumpy ngezikhathi ezithile. Kodwa ngeqembu elihle lokunakekelwa nesimo sengqondo, wena noma othandekayo wakho ungaphatha kahle ukuthi kuzokwenzekani. Hlala usebenza ngokubuza imibuzo futhi uqiniseke ukuthi uqhubeka ukwenza izinqumo ezinempilo nsuku zonke.
> Imithombo:
> I-American Cancer Society. Iyini i-Cancer Cancer? NgoJanuwari 2016.
> Dadhania V, uCzerniak B, Guo CC. I-Adenocarcinoma yesigqila se-Urinary. Am J Clin Exp Urol . 2015; 3 (2): 51-63.
> McNeil, B. Izinyathelo Zokuqala-Ngiye Ngaqhathaniswa Ngomdlavuza Wesinye. E-Gonzalgo ML (Ed), Umhlahlandlela Weziguli Kumdlavuza Wesinye (1-6). EMassachusetts: Jones noBartlett Abashicileli. 2011.
> I-sharma S, i-Ksheersagar P, ne-Sharma P. Ukuxilongwa nokuphathwa kwe-Cancer Cancer. Am Fam Physician . 1; 80 (7): 717-23. Okthoba 2009.