Isifo se-Chagas yisifo esithathelwanayo esibangelwa i- Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) . Njengoba igciwane elidlulisela lona lihlala eNyakatho Melika, eNingizimu Melika naseMexico, yilapho iningi lalezi zifo libonakala, nakuba amanye amacala asanda kutholakala eningizimu ye-United States. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi abantu abangaba yizigidi eziyisishiyagalombili eLatin America banezifo ze-Chagas, nabantu abaningi bengakwazi ukutheleleka.
Uma ishiywe ingalashwa, isifo se-Chagas singaba sempilo yonke futhi sibangele izinkinga ezinzulu zenhliziyo nokugaya.
Izimpawu
Isifo se-Chagas sinezigaba ezimbili: isigaba esiyingozi nesigaba esingapheliyo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi, ukutheleleka kungabangela izimpawu ezincane noma akekho nhlobo, noma kungaqeda ukubeka impilo engozini.
Isigaba esiphezulu
Ifomu eliyingozi le-Chagas isifo sivame ukuqala amasonto angama-16 ngemuva kokutheleleka nguT . cruzi . Isifo esiphezulu se-Chagas ngokuvamile isifo esibucayi, ngokuvamile esingenayo izimpawu noma noma izimpawu ezifana ne-flu:
- Fever
- Ukukhathala
- Izinwele
- Rash
- Ama-muscle aches
- Ukuvuvukala kwama-lymph nodes
Ungase futhi uqaphele lezi zimpawu:
- Ukuvuvukala lapho i-bug ikukhipha khona
- Ama-eyisikili (a)
- Ukulahlekelwa kwesifiso
- Izinkinga zokugaya ezifana ne-nausea, ukuhlanza, noma isifo sohudo
Lezi zimpawu zingaphikelela amasonto noma izinyanga futhi zivame ukuzixazulula zodwa, kodwa ukutheleleka akuhambi kahle ngaphandle kokwelashwa. Kungashukumisela isigaba esingapheli, okwenza kube nezinkinga ezisengozini kamuva, yingakho ukwelashwa phakathi nesigaba esibucayi kubaluleke kakhulu.
Ukubandakanya Inhliziyo: Ngezinye izikhathi isifo esinzima se-Chagas singathinta inhliziyo yakho. Abantu abanezifo zenhliziyo banezibonakaliso ze- myocarditis enzima (ukuvuvukala kwemisipha yenhliziyo), futhi bangase babe ne- pericarditis enzima. Izimpawu nezibonakaliso zokubandakanyeka kwenhliziyo zingabandakanya:
- Izinguquko ku-electrocardiogram yakho ( ECG )
- Ubufakazi be- effusion ye- pericardial (uketshezi okuqoqa ngaphakathi kwenhliziyo) ku- echocardiogram
Ngokuvamile, izinkinga zenhliziyo ezibonakala ngesifo esibucayi seChagas zixazulula ngokuphelele emva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa. Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu abanesifo esibucayi seCargas bazothuthuka ngokushesha ekuhloleni okungapheli kwenhliziyo , kanti cishe amaphesenti angu-5 baze bafe ngesifo senhliziyo ngesikhathi sokugula okunzima.
Isigaba Esingajwayelekile
Ngemuva kwesigaba esiphuthumayo se-Chagas isifo, abantu abaningi abangaphenduli bangena okuthiwa i-indeterminate (noma ejwayelekile) yesifo esingapheli. Ifomu elingapheliyo lesifo sikaChagas libhekene nokuntuleka okuphelele kokugula noma izimpawu.
Uma unesifo se-Chagas esingenakulinganiswa, ubonakala futhi uzizwa ujwayelekile, futhi unesivivinyo esijwayelekile senhliziyo, kuhlanganise ne-ECG ne-echocardiogram. Noma kunjalo, ukuhlolwa kwegazi kuzobonisa ukuthi unesifo esingenasifo nge- T . cruzi . Abantu abaningi bahlala kulesi sigaba esivumbile bengenazo izimpawu zokuphila kwabo bonke.
Isifo esingapheli se-Chagas isithinta cishe amaphesenti angu-20 kuya kuma-30 amaphesenti abantu futhi singabonakala eminyakeni eyishumi noma engu-20 emva kokuba usulelekile, uhlala amashumi eminyaka. Izimpawu nezimpawu zesifo esingapheliyo se-Chagas seziye zaba nzima futhi kungenzeka ukuthi ezisongela ukuphila zingabonakalisa izimpawu zomzimba ezibalulwe ngenhla, kanye nokuthi:
- Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungavamile
- Ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo
- Ukukhuliswa kwenhliziyo
- Ukwandiswa kweColon, okungabangela ukuqwashisa okukhulu kanye nobuhlungu besisu
- Ukwandiswa kwesifo sakho, okungabangela ubuhlungu nokuhlupheka ukugwinya
- Ukufa okungazelelwe
Uma usesimweni esingapheli sesifo se-Chagas, impilo yakho engozini yokuthuthukisa eyodwa noma ngaphezulu yalezi zinkinga zenhliziyo noma zamathumbu ingamaphesenti angaba ngu-30. Isifo senhliziyo saseChagas sivame ukubonakala okungenani eminyakeni emihlanu emva kokugula okubuhlungu, futhi kungase kubambezeleke isikhathi eside kunalokho. Isifo senhliziyo saseChagas siyinkinga ebaluleke kakhulu futhi ngokuvamile iholela ekufeni noma ekukhubazekeni okukhulu.
Eqinisweni, eduze kwesifo se-coronary, isifo seChagas yisona esibangela kakhulu ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo eLatin America.
Izimbangela
Isifo se-Chagas sibangelwa i- Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) i- parasite, etholakala emthonjeni wezinambuzane ze-triatomine ezine-infect eNingizimu Melika, eMelika Ephakathi, naseMexico. Izimbungulu ze-triatomine zivame ezindaweni zasemaphandleni, ikakhulukazi ezindlini ezenziwe nge-adobe, udaka, utshani noma utshwala, futhi zondla igazi lomuntu nesilwane. Isifo se-Chagas asivamile kubantu abahlala emadolobheni futhi ngokuvamile kunomkhawulo ezindaweni zasemaphandleni zaseLatin America, nakuba kunezimo zalo emhlabeni jikelele.
Iningi labantu liyatholakale lesi sifo lapho bethwa yisifo se-triatomine esiye sathatha izibungu ezivela kumuntu ogulayo noma isilwane. Izimbungulu ze-Triatomine zithokoza ebusuku futhi zijwayele ukuluma ubuso bakho ebusuku ngesikhathi ulala, yingakho ziyaziwa nangokuthi "ukuxuba izimbungulu." Bayekela ngokushesha ngemuva kokukushaya, ngakho-ke ama-parasite asele esikhunjeni sakho lapho angangena khona emzimbeni wakho ngokuluma, noma ngokugubha ama-parasites emehlweni akho, emlonyeni, noma ekunqunyeni noma ekusikeni.
Ungathola futhi isifo se-Chagas ngezindlela ezilandelayo:
- Ku-utero (omama abathintekayo bangayithumela ezinganeni)
- Ukuthola isitho esithathelelekile nge-transplantation
- Ukumpontshelwa ngegazi kusuka kumuntu onegciwane
- Ukudla ukudla okungcolile okuphekiwe noma okuluhlaza
- Ukuvezwa ebhokisithri
Ukuxilongwa
Uma ucabanga ukuthi ungase ube nesifo se-Chagas, udokotela wakho uzokunikeza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba bese ekubuza ngokuphathelene nezimpawu zakho nokutholakala okungenzeka ku- T. cruzi . Khona-ke cishe uzokwenza ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuhlola ama-antibodies ku-parasite, engaqinisekisa noma aqinisekise ukuthi unesifo se-Chagas noma cha . Uma ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwakho kulungile, udokotela wakho angenza okunye ukuhlolwa ukuze abone ukuthi useyinkinga esebenzayo noma engapheli futhi uma uthuthukise noma yiziphi izinkinga. Lezi zivivinyo ezengeziwe zingabandakanya i-echocardiogram, i-electrocardiogram, i-X-ray yesifuba, i-X-ray yesisu, noma i-endoscopy engaphezulu.
Ukwelapha
Ukwelashwa kwesifo se-Chagas kuhlanganisa ukubulala isifo se - T. cruzi nokuphatha izibonakaliso nezimpawu zanoma yiziphi izinkinga ezinjengokuhluleka kwenhliziyo noma ama-arrhythmias enhliziyo, nokusebenza ukuvimbela ukufa okungazelelwe. Ochwepheshe bayavuma ukuthi kubalulekile ukuphatha iziguli ezinezifo ezibucayi zeChagas, futhi mhlawumbe ne-Chagas isifo sokuqeda izidakamizwa esingaqediwe, esihlotshaniswa noT . cruzi .
Imithi emibili engase isebenze ngokumelene ne- T. cruzi ibizwa ngokuthi i-benznidazole ne-nifurtimox. Zombili lezi zidakamizwa ngokuvamile zibangelwa ubuthi obukhulu, futhi kuphela i-benznidazole evunyelwe ukusetshenziswa yi-Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Kodwa-ke, ayitholakali kuma-pharmacy ase-US, odokotela baseMelika abadinga ukwelapha isiguli sikaT. cruzi kumele bathole lezi zidakamizwa ngokuqondile kwiCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Uma kuthathwa masinyane, lezi zidakamizwa cishe zingamaphesenti angu-100 aphumelelayo ekuphatheni isifo seCasgas.
Ubufakazi bukhulu kakhulu ukuthi ukwelapha abantu abadala abanezinhlobo ezingapheli noma ezingapheliyo zesifo seCasgas nge-antiparasitic therapy kwenza ngcono umphumela. Kodwa-ke, odokotela banikeza lezi zidakamizwa kubantu abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-50 futhi banezinhlobo ezingapheli noma ezingapheliyo zesifo se-Chagas ngoba izidakamizwa zinganciphisa izinkinga zesifo esingabangela, nakuba zingelapheki.
Ukuvimbela isifo se-Chagas ngokuvamile akusikhathaleli abantu baseMelika, ngaphandle uma behlala noma beya emazweni aseLatin America asezindaweni zasemakhaya. Kulabo abathintekayo, amasu alandelayo angasiza:
- Khumbula isitoreji sokudla nokusetshenziswa
- Gcina indawo yakho yokuhlala, ikakhulukazi igumbi lakho lokulala, elihlanzekile (eliya ezindaweni zokuhlala zesilwane, futhi)
- Yenza indawo yakho yokuhlala igcwele izibulala-zinambuzane ngokuqothulwa kochwepheshe
- Qinisekisa ukuthi noma yiziphi izimbobo noma ukuqhuma endlini yakho kugcwele
Izwi elivela
Uma uthola isifo se-Chagas, ungesabi. Amacala amaningi awadingi ukuhlala esibhedlela futhi uma uthola ukwelashwa ngokushesha, lesi sifo singelashwa. Ngisho noma ungaqapheli ukuthi unesifo futhi usuphelile esigabeni esingapheli, ukwelashwa kungase kusisize futhi unamathuba angaphezu kwezingamaphesenti angama-70 okungazange uthuthukise noma yikuphi ukucindezeleka nhlobo. Uma unenkinga, izimpawu zakho zingancishiswa kakhulu, izinga lakho lokuphila lingathuthukiswa kakhulu, futhi ukusinda kwakho kungenziwa isikhathi eside uma amasu omuthi wokwelashwa asebenzayo.
> Imithombo:
> Izifo zeBern C. Chagas '. I-New England Journal of Medicine . Julayi 30, 2015; 373: 456-66. i-doi: 10.1056 / NEJMra1410150.
> Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo (CDC). Isifo se-Chagas: Izimpendulo eziningiliziwe. UMnyango WezeMpilo waseMelika kanye Nezinsizakalo Zabantu. Kubuyekezwe i-Disemba 19, 2017.
> Gali WL, Sarabanda AV, Baggio JM, et al. I-Cardioverter-Defibrillators Yokusungulwa Kwe-Arrhythmias Eqinisiwe Ezingxenyeni Ezigulane Ne-Chagas 'Inhliziyo Yesifo: Ukuqhathaniswa Neqembu Elilawulayo Eliphathwa Nge-Amiodarone Yodwa. I-Europace. May 2014; 16 (5): 674-80. doi: 10.1093 / europace / eut422.
> I-Kirchhoff LV, i-Rassi A. Chagas Isifo kanye ne-Trypanosomiasis yase-Afrika. Ku: Kasper D, Fauci A, Hauser S, Longo D, Jameson J, Loscalzo J. eds. Izimiso zikaHarrison zeMithi yangaphakathi , 19th. ENew York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2015.
> Abasebenzi beMayo Clinic. Isifo Se-Chagas. I-Mayo Clinic. Kubuyekezwe ngo-Okthoba 3, 2017.