Izimbangela, Izimpawu, Nokuphathwa Kwesimo Sesikhumba Se-Itchy
Isimo sesikhumba esivame ukubizwa ngokuthi ama-hives sidluliselwa emibhalweni yezokwelapha njenge-urticaria. I-hive, noma isondo, iyisibonakaliso se-urticaria. Kodwa-ke, abantu abaningi abahlakuleli isidleke esisodwa uma bane-urticaria, ngakho-ke igama le-hives.
Sibutsetelo
I-Urticaria yisimo esivamile esingathinta noma yimuphi umuntu kunoma yiluphi uhlanga nganoma isiphi isikhathi kunanoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka. Kwenzeka ngamaphesenti angaba ngu-20 wabantu ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Ama-hives angenzeka kunoma yisiphi isikhumba, kepha ngokuvamile avimba izintende zezandla nezinyawo ezinyaweni. Ama-Hives ahlukaniswa njengeyinkimbinkimbi noma engapheli ngokuya ngobude besiqephu.
I-hive, noma amasondo, iyisiyingi, isibomvu, i-spongy lesion eguqukayo futhi ishintshe ngaphezu kwamaminithi amahora. Ngokuvamile lizungezwe indawo yokubomvu okuthiwa i-flare. I-hives ingahluka ngobukhulu ukusuka kumamitha ambalwa ubude ukuze ihlanganise yonke indawo.
Ama-hives ayinhlanhla ngoba ukuvuvukala kwenzeka e-epidermis, enezinkinga eziningi zezinzwa. Ukuqina kokushaywa kwehlukahluka kusuka komuntu kuya komuntu nesiqephu sesiqephu.
Izimbangela
Yini ebangela izihlahla? Izifuba zenzeka ekuphenduleni uketshezi oluyinkimbinkimbi lwezenzakalo eziholela ekukhululweni kwekhemikhali okuthiwa i-histamine esikhumbeni. I-Histamine itholakala kumaseli athile amhlophe egazi okuthiwa amangama-mast, amaningi kakhulu esikhumbeni esizungeze ama-capillari. Uma kulungiswa kahle, la maseli amangqamuzana akhipha ama-granules amakhemikhali, enamandla kunayo yonke i-histamine.
I-Histamine ibangela ukuthi amangqamuzana akha izitsha zegazi asebenze, avumela uketshezi ukuphuma emzimbeni wegazi kanye nasezicubu ezizungezile, i-epidermis. Amangqamuzana egazi abomvu akhulu kakhulu ukuze angaphumi kulezi "imigodi." Ukujoqa i-histamine esikhumbeni kubangela ukusabela okuphindwe kathathu kokubomvu, ukuvuza kwe-fluid okhiqiza isidleke, nokuvutha noma obomvu emngceleni.
I-Hives ixazulula lapho umzimba uthatha lesi sitshalo. Umngcele wesifuba uchazwa ngokuthi i-polycyclic, noma ihlanganiswa nemibuthano eminingi, futhi izinguquko njengoketshezi zivuza futhi zitholwa.
Uma isimo esibizwa nge-angioedema senzeke, ama-capillari ayancipha futhi avuza umthamo ojulile esikhumbeni, angene emdongeni nasezintweni ezingaphansi . I-angioedema ngokuvamile ibangela ukuvuvukala kwezindebe, i-larynx (ukukhiqiza ukuphefumula noma ukuphefumula okuncane), noma ubhedu besisu kanye namathumbu (okwenza ubuhlungu besisu). Izikhathi eziningi i-angioedema ivela ngesiqephu sezinyosi. I-Angioedema, noma kunjalo, ayifuni ngokujwayelekile ngoba ihlanganisa ukuvuvukala ezakhiweni ezijulile, lapho kuneziphetho ezincane zokugcina.
Okungahambisani nesikhathi eside
I-hives enamandla
Amathumba ahlala phambili amasonto angaphansi ayisithupha. Ukuqokwa kwamasonto ayisithupha njengoba umhlukanisi ehlukumeza. Iningi labaphenyi bakholelwa ukuthi ama-hive ayenzeka njengempendulo yokugula ekungeneni ukudla noma izidakamizwa. Nokho, kumaphesenti angu-70 wamacala, imbangela ayitholakali. Amathumba ajwayelekile ngokuvamile azixazulula eyedwa. Uphenyo olunzulu lwe-laboratory aludingekile futhi aluvuli ulwazi oluningi.
Izinyosi ezinamandla ziphathwa ngama- antihistamine , okusebenza ngokuvimbela ukukhululwa kwe-histamine kusuka kumangqamuzana amancane.
Kubalulekile ukuthatha ama-antihistamine njalo ngoba uma i-histamine ikhishwa, ukwelashwa akusho umphumela. Kokubili ama-counter-anti-anti-anti -ististamine angakhetha.
I-hives engapheli
Amathumba atholakala okungenani kabili ngesonto futhi abe khona emavikini angaphezu kwamasonto ayisithupha aqokiwe. Ngokungafani nama-hive acute, ama-hive angapheli awaxazulula masinyane. Kwesinye isifundo, amaphesenti angu-75 abantu abanezinyosi ezingapheli abanempawu isikhathi eside kunonyaka, amaphesenti angu-50 anempawu ezide iminyaka engaphezu kwemihlanu, kanti amaphesenti angu-20 anempawu emashumini eminyaka. Ezingamaphesenti angu-50 amacala, ummeleli okhubazayo akabonakali.
I-subset ye-hives engapheli iyaziwa njenge-urticaria ngokomzimba. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukugqugquzela okungokwenyama okubangela izimbungulu kubantu abathile. Imihlathi yenyama yenza amaphesenti angama-16 ama-hives angapheli. Izinhlobo zezinyosi zomzimba zihlanganisa:
- I-Dermographism : Ama-Hives akhiqizwa ngokungazelelwe ngokugubha noma ukushaya isikhumba. Lolu hlobo lwezinyosi zomzimba luvame kakhulu.
- I-urticaria yokucindezela : Ama-hive akhiqizwa amahora ambalwa ngemva kokufaka ingcindezi esikhumbeni. Lokhu kuyindlela ejwayelekile evamile yamathumba futhi kunzima ukuyihlolisisa ngoba imifuba ithuthuka amahora emva kokuxhumana nesikhumba.
- I-urticaria ye-Cholinergic : I-Hives ikhiqizwa ngesikhathi noma ngemva nje kokuzivocavoca. Lona uhlobo olujwayelekile kakhulu lwezinyosi.
- I-anaphylaxis eyenziwa ngokuzivocavoca : Abantu abanalesi sifo bahlakulela imifantu, ukuphefumula, nokuzondeka ngemva kokuzivocavoca. Abanye abantu abanalesi simo bangase badlule noma badumale. Lesi simo asivamile futhi sasichazwa kuqala ngo-1980.
- I-urticaria ye-Cold: Ama-hives akhiqizwa uma kuhlaselwa ngokuzumayo kokushisa noma uma umuntu evezwa emanzini abandayo noma eqhwa. Lesi yisizathu esivamile samathuba.
- I-Urticaria ye-Solar: I-Hives ivela ngemva kwemizuzu emva kokuchayeka elangeni futhi ipheleka phakathi kwehora elilodwa. Lokhu kuyimbangela evame kakhulu yamathuba.
- Ukushisa i-urticaria : I-hives yenzeke ngemva kwamaminithi emva kokuvezwa kwesikhumba kumfutho ofudumele. Lolu hlobo lwezinyosi aluvamile kakhulu.
- I- Angioedema ephikisayo : i-Angioedema ikhiqizwa ngemuva kokubonakala kwesikhumba kudlidliza. Lona futhi uhlobo olunqabile kakhulu lwezinyosi.
- I-urticaria ye-Aquagenic : Ama- hive akhiqizwa ngokushesha ngemuva kokuba isikhumba sibheke emanzini. Leli fomu lama-hive nalo livamile kakhulu.
Ukuxilongwa
Ukuzibona izihlahla ezinomsoco ezingaphezu kwesikhashana kuhileleke kakhulu kunokuba kutholakale ama-hive amahle. Umlando ophelele kakhulu uthathwa ukucacisa ukubukeka kanye nobude bezinyosi. Idayari yokudla kufanele igcinwe futhi yonke imithi ibhalwe. Zibuze: Ingabe izimpawu ziyaqhubeka uma zingekho emsebenzini noma ngenkathi zihlala eholidini endaweni ehlukile?
Amanye ama-hives angapheli abangelwa ukutheleleka okwakungakabonakali, ikakhulukazi izifo zesifo. Izinyosi ezingapheli nazo zihlobene nesifo se-thyroid -hypothyroidism kanye ne-hyperthyroidism. Ukutheleleka ngemvubelo Candida albicans kuhlotshaniswa nezinyosi ezingapheliyo.
Yonke yalezi zimo kufanele ikhishwe ngaphandle. Ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba kunenzuzo eguquguqukayo ngoba abantu abanezinyosi bavame ukusabela kahle kuma-agent amaningi ahlolwe.
Ukwelapha
Ukwelashwa kwemisipha yangokwenyama kuhlose uhlobo olufundwayo. Ezingxenyeni eziningi zezinyosi ezingapheli, imbangela ayikwazi ukunqunywa. Kulaba bantu, ama-antihistamine yiyona ndlela eyinhloko yokwelapha.
Njengama-hive acute, ama-antihistamine kumele athathwe njalo ukuvimbela ukukhululwa kwe-histamine. Ama-antihistamine amadala, njenge-Benadryl, angabangela ukulala lapho eqala ukwelashwa. Emva kwamasonto amabili, ukulala ngokuvamile kuvamise noma kuxazululwe.
Kodwa-ke, umphumela wokwelashwa wama-antihistamine awunciphisi ngokusetshenziswa njalo. Ngamanye amazwi, umuntu akahlakuleli ukubekezelelana kwama-antihistamine noma kudinga ukulinganisa okuphakeme ukuvimba ukukhululwa kwe-histamine. Ama-antihistamine amasha, afana ne- Zyrtec , uClaritin , ne- Allegra , awabangeli ubuthongo obuningi futhi asebenza kahle ekwelapheni imihlathi.
Ngezinye izikhathi imithi, efana ne-cimetidine noma i-ranitidine, evame ukusetshenziselwa ukunciphisa isisu somzimba we-asidi isetshenziswa ngama-antihistamine. Le mithi ibuye i-antihistamines, kodwa ivimbela i-histamine receptor ehlukile.
Imithi ebizwa ngokuthi i-doxepin i-tricyclic antidepressant, noma i-TCA. Iphinde ivimbele ngamandla ukukhululwa kwe-histamine futhi ingasetshenziswa ngokubambisana neminye imithi. Umthelela walo ohlangothini oluyinhloko ubulele.
I-steroid ye-oral, njenge-prednisone ne-medrol, ibhekwa njengama-hives angaphenduli kuma-antihistamine. I-epinephrine isetshenziselwa amacala amakhulu kakhulu emisundu. I-Epinephrine iyinhlangano evulekile yokukhululwa kwe-histamine futhi iqala ngokushesha, kepha iphela isikhathi esifushane emzimbeni.