Bheka ukubhala, izimbangela, kanye nenkambo yezingxube ezihlukene ezingu-19.
Zonke izihluku zihlukile: Zinezethulo ezahlukahlukene, izimbangela, kanye nokwelapha.
Abahlengikazi baxilonga ukuhlukumeza okusekelwe ekuqaphelweni kwephathini. Uma uhlobo lwe-rash lubala, noma umtholampilo unolwazi, ukuqashelwa kwephethini kusebenza kahle uma kutholakala ukuqhuma.
Kodwa-ke, embhalweni Isibonakaliso Sokuthola Ukuxilongwa: Umhlahlandlela Osekelwe Ebufakazi , Abakwa-Stern nabambisene nabo babika lokhu okulandelayo:
Inengozi ngokuqaphelwa kwendlela yokwenza ukuthi i-diagnostic hypotheses ithonywa kakhulu yizikhathi zamuva, ukuxilongwa okungajwayelekile kuyathinteka, futhi odokotela bavame ukufika ngaphambi kwesikhathi sokuvalwa kwesifo esingenakulungiswa.
Ngamanye amazwi, ngisho odokotela bangathola ukutholakala kokungahambi kahle.
Ngaphambi kokuba sibheke uhlu lwezinhlamvu zama-different types of rash, kudingeka sichaze amanye amagama avamile asetshenziselwa ukuchaza lezi zilonda. Sizosebenzisa ezinye zalemigomo ohlwini lwama-alfabhethi we-rashes, ngakho-ke ungase ufune ukubuyela ohlwini njengoba usebenzisa lesi sihloko.
Izincazelo eziyisisekelo
Igama elithi dermatitis lisetshenziselwa ukuchaza ukugqama okulula. Nanka amanye amagama avamile asetshenziselwa ukuchaza ukuhlukumeza.
- I-Patch: Isilonda esiphezulu esingaphezu kuka-1 cm ububanzi.
- I-Papule: "I-bump" eqinile engaphansi kuka-1 cm ububanzi.
- I-plaque: i-lesion ephakanyisiwe efana ne-plateau futhi inesayizi oguqukayo. Ngokuvamile, i-plaque yenziwe ukuhlanganiswa kwamapulethi amancane.
- Isondo: I-plaque evulekile noma i-papule ehambisana nokuvuvukala nokuhlushwa.
- Macule: Isilonda esincane esingaphansi kuka-1 cm ububanzi.
- I-Pustule: I-blister ephezulu yanoma yiliphi isayizi eligcwele ipus.
- I-Bulla (ubuningi bullae): I-pustule engaphezu kuka-1 cm ububanzi.
- I-Nodule: Isilonda esiqinile, esiphakeme phakathi kwe-1 no-5 cm ububanzi.
- I-lichenification: Ukubonakala okuqinile noma okunesikhumba esikhumbeni.
- I-Comedone: Ipulagi eyenziwe ngamafutha esikhumba kanye nezinto zokwenziwa keratinous ezitholakala ku-follicle. I-comedone evulekile imnyama ("umnyama omnyama") kanye ne-comedone evaliwe imhlophe ("i-whitehead").
- I-Papulosquamous: Isilonda esakhiwa ngamapulethi nama-plaque ngokukhipha okungenasisekelo.
- I-Vesicle: I-cyst egcwala amanzi
- I-Purpura: Amabala ahlanzekile esikhumbeni esabangelwa ukuphuma kwegazi ngaphansi kwesikhumba.
- I-Petechia: Indawo enombala obomvu noma obomvu obangelwa ukuphuma kwegazi ngaphansi kwesikhumba.
I-Acne Vulgaris
Isethulo semitholampilo: Ama-pustules, ama-papules, ama-comedones, ama-nodules ebusweni, esifubeni nasemuva
Iqembu elidala eliyinhloko : Ama-adolescents
Isizathu : Ehlanganiswe nezinguquko ze-hormone zobushakama. I-acne ejulile igijima emindenini. Ukuthola isixhumanisi sokudla yindawo esebenzayo yenzuzo.
I-Course : I-acne ngokuvamile iyahamba ngenkathi ikhulile kodwa ukudubula okukhiphayo nokugxila emacinini amancane kungenziwa impilo yonke.
I-acne vulgaris , noma "i-acne," ivame kakhulu ukuthi amacala amancane aye abizwe ngokuthi "physiologic," futhi umlomo omnene awusona isifo noma ukugula ngayinye.
Nanka izinyathelo zokubunjwa kwe-acne:
- Ukugqama kwama-follicle (ama-comedones)
- Ukukhiqizwa kwe-sebum ngokweqile
- Ukuvuvukala
- Ukutheleleka nge-bacteria Propionibacterium acnes
Ama-acne ngokuvamile adinga ukwelashwa udokotela ukunciphisa ukungakhululeki nokunciphisa ingozi yokuqeda isikhathi eside.
Ama-acne kufanele aphathwe ekuqaleni, futhi izigaxa zivame ukuphathwa ngokusebenzisa imithi ehlukahlukene. Ukuhlanza kubalulekile. Izinketho zokwelashwa ezivamile zihlanganisa ukuhlanganiswa kwe-retinoid esetshenziswa esikhumbeni, ama-antibiotics, ne-benzoyl peroxide. Okusebenzayo, okuyinto ethandwayo ukwelapha ngaphezulu kwe-counter, iqukethe. i-benzoyl peroxide ne-salicylic acid futhi ikhangiswa ukuhlanza, ithoni, i-hydrate, futhi ivikela isikhumba elangeni.
I-Atopic Dermatitis (i-Atopic Eczema)
Isethulo semitholampilo: Amapulethi we-Itchy, lichenification, ukushona ebusweni nasezingalweni
Iqembu elidala eliyinhloko : Izinsana, izingane ezincane
Isizathu : Ehlanganiswe nezifo
Isifundo : Isikhathi esingapheli nokubuyela emuva, ezinye izingane ziphuma
I- atopic dermatitis , ebizwa nangokuthi i-atopic eczema, ithinta amaphesenti angu-15 no-20 wezingane ezihlala emazweni athuthukile. Isimo sesikhumba esinzima futhi sigijima emindenini. Amacala omzimba we-atopic dermatitis angaphathwa nge-steroids ye-topical (glucocorticoids), etholakala ngaphezulu kwe-counter. Amacala amakhulu angase aphathwe nge-tacrolimus ne-pimecrolimus, okuyi-immunomodulators enqunywe udokotela. Abantu abanesifo se-atopic dermatitis kufanele bagweme izifo ezivusa izimo, njengama-detergents kanye ne-dander yezilwane.
I-Pemphigoid ene-Bullous
Isethulo semitholampilo: Bullae
Iqembu elidala eliyinhloko : Abantu asebekhulile
Isizathu : Zenza ngokuzenzakalelayo
I-Course : I-Waxes noma i-wanes, ukuxolelwa okuningi
I-pemphigoid ene-bull iyisifo esingajwayelekile, esivuthayo esizimele esiholela ekutheni isikhumba senze isikhumba kanye namakhanda ezinkukhu kubantu abadala. Ukwelashwa kwe-pemphigoid enzima kuyinkimbinkimbi futhi kudinga ukufaka okuvela ochwepheshe abathintekayo, kuhlanganise nezidermatologists, ophthalmologists, kanye nodokotela bokunakekelwa okuyinhloko. Ukwelashwa kuxhomeke ekusakazeni kwayo, futhi ama-steroids angama-topical avame ukusebenza. Amacala amakhulu angadinga ukwelashwa nama-immunomodulator njenge-tacrolimus yama-topical.
I-Dermatitis Herpetiformis
Isethulo semitholampilo: Amapulethi nama-vesicle ezindaweni ezidlulayo zezingalo nemilenze
Iqembu elidala eliyinhloko : Phakathi kweminyaka engu-30 no-40
Isifundo : Isikhathi eside kodwa singangena ekuxoxweni, ukuxolelwa kuchazwa njengeminyaka emibili engaphezulu
I-Dermatitis herpetiformis iyi-rash ephawulekayo evela emaphethini olinganiselwe phezu kwezingxenyana zomzimba zomzimba. Ama-bumps nama-blister alo mkhuba afana nokutheleleka ngegciwane le-herpes. Abantu abane-dermatitis herpetiformis nabo bavame ukungabi nokubekezelelana kwe-gluten, futhi lokhu kuqhuma kubonakala ngamaphesenti angaba ngu-10 abantu abanesifo se-celiac. Kuvamile kubantu futhi ngokuvamile kuthinta abantu baseNyakatho Yurophu. Izimpawu ze-dermatitis herpetiformis zivame ukucaca ngemuva kokusetshenziswa kokudla okungenalutho kwe-gluten.
I-Erythema Multiform
Isethulo semitholampilo : Izilonda ezilindelekile
Iqembu elidala eliyinhloko : Abantu abadala
Umbangela : Ukusabela okweqile
Isifundo : Isikhathi esincane, amasonto angu-1 kuya kwangu-2
I-Erythema multiform yisimo sesikhumba esikhulayo esifushane. Ukuqhuma kubonakala njengama-welts obomvu futhi kuthinta amehlo, umlomo, nezinye izindawo zomzimba we-mucosal. Ukuqhuma kwe-erythema mutliform kuthatha uhlobo lwezingxenyana ezigxile noma izilonda zesikhumba.
Lesi simo uhlobo lokusabela okweqile futhi lungabonakala sengathi luyisifo sesifo sofuba, ukutheleleka kwe-fungal, ukutheleleka kwe-streptococcal, noma isifo sofuba. I-Erythema multiform ingabangela futhi amakhemikhali noma imithi, njenge-NSAID, i-allopurinol, kanye nama- antibiotic athile . Okokugcina, i-erythema multiforme ingahamba ne-inflammatory bowel disease kanye ne-lupus.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ze-erythema multiform. Okokuqala, i-erythema multiforme encane ibangela ukugula okuncane okuthinta isikhumba kuphela futhi ngezinye izikhathi kubangela izilonda zomlomo. I-Erythema multiform enkulu iqala ngezibonakaliso zesistimu ezithinta wonke umzimba, njengokungathi ku-joints nama-fever. Izilonda zingase zibi kakhulu futhi zithinte izitho zangasese, izindiza, umoya, noma amehlo.
Nazi ezinye izimpawu ezingase zihambisane nokuhlaselwa kwe-erythema multiform enkulu:
- Fever
- Malaise
- Ubungcwele
- Isikhumba esinamahloni
- Amalungu e-Achy
Ngokuvamile, i-erythema multiforme ihamba yodwa ngaphandle kokwelashwa. Ezinye izindlela zokwelashwa zingenziwa ezibandakanya ama-steroids, ama-antihistamine, ama-antibiotics, ukucindezeleka okumanzi, nemithi ebuhlungu. Kubalulekile ukugcina izilonda zihlanzekile futhi zigcine ukuhlanzeka okuhlanzekile ukuze kunciphise ingozi yokutheleleka kwesibili.
I-Erythema Nodosum
Isethulo semitholampilo: Amapulanka aphansi kakhulu, abulalayo, abomvu ngokuvamile atholakala ezingeni lezinsika, amathole, izingalo namathanga; ngaphezu kwamasonto, ama-plaque aphethwe futhi aqale ukubonakala
Iqembu elidala eliyinhloko : Wonke iminyaka
Imbangela : Ngaphakathi kwesigamu samacala, imbangela ayifakazi. Ezinye izimbangela zihlanganisa izifo nemithi, njengama-antibiotics. I-Erythema nodosum nayo ingenzeka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, i-leukemia, i-sarcoidosis, ne-rheumatic fever.
Inkambo : Engakhululekile, ngokuvamile ixazulula ngemuva kwamasonto ayisithupha
I-Erythema nodosum uhlobo lwe-panniculitis, noma ukuvuvukala koqweqwe lwamanqina ngaphansi kwesikhumba. Izilonda zesikhumba ziqala kuqala njengezitshalo eziqinile, eziqinile, ezivuthayo, ezingaba ngu-1 intshi ububanzi. Lezi zimfucumfucu ezibuhlungu zingase zibe yizinhlanzi emva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa. Ngemuva kwamasonto ambalwa, lezi zilonda ziba yi-brownish, ama-patched flat. Ngaphandle kwezilonda zesikhumba, i-erythema nodosum ingabangela nezimpawu eziningi ezijwayelekile, kufaka phakathi umkhuhlane, ukushaywa komzimba, ukukhukhumeza nokuvuvukala. Ukwelashwa kuncike ekubangela imbangela futhi kungabandakanya noma ukwelashwa kwesifo sofuba noma isifo noma ukuyeka ukusebenza kwezidakamizwa. Ezinye zokwelashwa zifaka i-steroids, ama-NSAID, ukucindezela okufudumele noma okubandayo, noma imithi yobuhlungu.
Folliculitis
Isethulo semitholampilo: Ama-pistules aphethwe yi-HIV ahloswe kakhulu ebusweni, emathangeni, emikhawulweni, nase-trunk.
Iqembu elidala eliyinhloko : Wonke iminyaka
Isizathu : Ibhaktheriya, igciwane, noma i-fungal
Inkambo : Ukuxazulula ngokwejwayelekile
I-folliculitis isifo sobuchopho besinwele. Kungaba khona ebusweni futhi kuthinte kuphela u-follicle wezinwele ezingaphezulu. Noma, i-folliculitis ingasebenza ngokujulile nokuvuvukala ingathinta konke ukujula kobuciko. Ukutheleleka okujulile kungabangela amathumba. I-Folliculitis ingaba yikhiqiza le-bacterial, viral, noma fungal. Ukwengeza, i-folliculitis nayo ingabangelwa yizinsimbi ezingenasifo ezifana nezembatho eziqinile, ama-steroids angama-topical, amafutha okugcoba, ama-makeup, nama-lotions. Ukwelashwa kunqunywa imbangela ye-folliculitis futhi ihlanganisa i-antiviral, antibiotic, noma imithi ye-antifungal.
I-Herpes
Isethulo semitholampilo : "Izilonda ezibandayo," ama-vesicles, nezilonda; ezinganeni, ukuvuvukala kombhede womlomo nezinsini (ie, gingivostomatitis)
Iqembu elidala eliyinhloko : Wonke iminyaka
Isizathu : Viral
Inkambo : Ukuxazulula ngokwejwayelekile
I-WHO ilinganisa ukuthi abantu abayizigidi ezingu-3.7 abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-50 ubudala banesandulela ngculazi ye-herpes simplex (HSV-1) ngo-2012. Igciwane le-HSV-1 lisakazwa ngokuxhumana ngomlomo. Nakuba izilonda ezibandayo zingaqondakali futhi zingakhululekile, azibangeli ezinye izimpawu. Ama-ointments noma ama-creams angaphilisi anganciphisa ukushisa, ukuhlakumeza nokungahambi kahle okuhambisana nezilonda ezibandayo.
Encwadini ehlobene, ukutheleleka nge-herpes simplex virus hlobo 2 (HSV-2) kubangela i- herpes yobulili . I-herpes ye-genital iyadluliselwa ngocansi. Nokho, i-HSV-2 ingabangela nezilonda ezibandayo. I-WHO ilinganisela ukuthi amaphesenti angu-11 omphakathi womhlaba anesifo se-herpes zomzimba.
I-Herpes Zoster (ama-Shingles)
Isethulo semitholampilo: Ukubomvu, ama-vesicles
Isizathu : Ukuvuselelwa kwe-Varicella zoster virus
Iqembu elidala eliyinhloko : Abantu asebekhulile
Isifundo : Amasonto amabili kuya kwamathathu
I-Herpes zoster, noma i-shingles , iyisifo esibuhlungu esikhumba esibangelwa i-varicella zoster virus. Leli gciwane lidala futhi inkukhu. Ngokuqondile, ukutheleleka kokuqala nge-varicella zoster virus kubangela inkukhu encane. Ngemuva kokuthi inkukhu ikhukhume, igciwane lihlala lilele emangqamuzaneni omzimba iminyaka eminingi. Ukuvuselelwa kabusha kwegciwane kuholela ekuguleni.
Nge-herpes zoster, ubuhlungu buqala ukuqhuma. Ukuqhuma kuhanjiswe nge-dermatomes ngemuva, ubuso, amehlo, intamo, noma umlomo. Ezinye izimpawu ze-herpes zoster zihlanganisa ubuthakathaka, umkhuhlane, ubuhlungu obuhlangene, nezigulane ezivuvukala. Ayikho ikhambi ye-herpes zoster. Ukwelashwa kuhlanganisa imithi yobuhlungu, i-steroids, izidakamizwa ze-antiviral, nama-antihistamine. Kukhona umgomo we-herpes zoster, ohlukile emgodleni wokugoma inkukhu, futhi wabiza umuthi wokugoma we-shingles. Umgomo we-shingles unciphisa ingozi yezinkinga zesifo.
Impetigo
Isethulo semitholampilo: Amaphilisi, ama-vesicles, ama-honey-colored crusting, izindawo ezibomvu zokuguguleka kwesikhumba
Iqembu elidala eliyinhloko : Izingane eziphakathi kweminyaka engu-2 no-6 ubudala
Isizathu : Amabhaktheriya
Isifundo : Isinqumo emva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa
I-Impetigo yilona uhlobo oluyisisekelo kakhulu lokutheleleka kwesikhumba. I-Impetigo ibangelwa ama- S. aureus noma ama- bacteria ase-Stretptococcus . I-Impetigo isakazeka futhi isakazeka phakathi kwamalungu omkhaya ofanayo. I-Impetigo ivame ezindaweni lapho abantu bengenawo ukufinyelela okuncane kwe-sese namanzi ahlanzekile, njengamazwe asathuthuka. I-Impetigo nayo ijwayelekile kubantu abangenamakhaya. Zombili izidakamizwa ze-topical nezomlomo zingasetshenziswa ukuphatha i-impetigo. Uma i-impetigo ibangelwa i-MRSA, amabhaktheriya angamelana nezidakamizwa, ngakho-ke ama-antibiotic omlomo ayadingeka. Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela i-MRSA iwukuzihlambulula ukuhlanzeka komuntu siqu futhi ugweme ukwabelana izingubo namathawula.
I-Lichen Simplex Chronicus
Isethulo semitholampilo: Ama-Plaques, i-lichenification
Iqembu elidala eliyinhloko : Abantu abaneminyaka engama-30 no-50 ubudala
Isizathu : Angaziwa
Inkambo : Yesikhathi eside, ibuyisela ngemithi yokwelapha
I-simplehenx chronicus ye-Lichen yinkinga yesikhumba esingapheli okubangelwa ukushaya nokushaya. Ukucindezeleka, ukukhathazeka, ukuphazamiseka okukhulu kokucindezeleka, nokuphazamiseka kokulala kungabhekana nendima ebalulekile kuleso sizathu futhi kuqhubeke inkambo ye-lichen simplex chronicus. Abantu abane-allergies kanye ne-atopy bahlelwe ekuthuthukiseni i-lichen simplex chronicus. Ukubamba okuqhubekayo kungaholela ekugcineni ezindaweni ezikhuni zesikhumba. Ama-antihistamine nama-steroid angasetshenziselwa ukunciphisa isitshalo se-lichen simplex chronicus. Uma i-itch ilawulwa, i-lichen simplex chronicus ingakwazi ukukhipha.
Pityriasis Rosea
Isethulo semitholampilo: i-Herald patch, i-papules nezilinganiso (ie, i-papulosquamous)
Iqembu elidala eliyinhloko : Noma yimiphi ubudala kodwa ngokuvamile ibonakala kubantu abaphakathi kuka-10 no-35
Isizathu : Angaziwa
Inkambo : Ezingamaphesenti angu-80 abantu, i-rash ixazulula ngamasonto angu-8. Ngokuvamile, ukuqhuma kungaqhubeka phakathi kwezinyanga ezintathu no-5.
I-marker ye-herald iyisibonakaliso se-pityriasis rosea futhi ivela esihlahleni. I-patch ye-herald iyi-lesion yodwa, i-oval, inyama- noma i-salmon enemibala egxile emngceleni. Kuphakathi kwamasentimitha angu-0.8 no-4 ububanzi. Ngemva kwamasonto amabili emva kokuvela kwesigcawu se-herald esihlahleni, izilonda ezincane ezincane ze-papulosquamous ziphuma emibhoshweni ku-Christmas tree pattern. Ngaphandle kwezibonakaliso zesikhumba, azikho ezinye izimpawu ze-pityriasis rosea. Cishe ingxenye yesine yabantu, lesi simo sinzima. I-Pityriasis rosea ixazulula yona kuphela futhi ayidingi ukwelashwa. Kodwa-ke, ama-steroids e-topical kanye nama-antihistamine angasiza ekunciphiseni ukuhlanza.
I-Psoriasis
Isethulo semitholampilo: Amapulethi noma ama-plaque anezilinganiso zokuthutha (okungukuthi, i-papulosquamous)
Iqembu elidala eliyinhloko: Amakhulu abantu abadala kodwa kungenzeka noma kunini
Isizathu : Zenza ngokuzenzakalelayo
Inkambo : Isikhathi eside
I-Psoriasis iyisifo esisiguli, esizimele, esibhubhisayo esikhumba esibangela ukuphakama, izilonda ezibomvu ezinezikali ze-silvery. I-plaque psoriasis yilona uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-psoriasis, elibala cishe amaphesenti angu-90 azo zonke izifo zesifo. Amacwecwe athambekele ekukhuliseni kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi abonise ukulinganisa emaceleni, amadolo, isikhumba, izikhwebu, njalonjalo.
Lesi simo sithinta ama-3 amaphesenti aseMelika. I-Psoriasis ingathinta futhi amalunga, okwenza i- psoriatic arthritis . Amaphuzu amasha okucwaninga ukuthi i-psoriasis iyinkinga yokuvuvukala ejwayelekile engabangela ingozi yomzimba, kuhlanganise nokushaywa yisifo, ukuhlasela kwenhliziyo nokufa.
I-psoriasis elungile ingelashwa nge-hydrocortisone noma amanye ama-creams. I-psoriasis enamandla kakhulu ingaphathwa nge-immunomodulators.
I-Rocky Mountain ekhishwe umkhuhlane
Ukwethulwa Kwemitholampilo : I-Petechiae ezintendeni noma ezintanjeni
Iqembu elidala eliyinhloko : noma yimiphi ubudala
Imbangela : Ibhaktheriya ethwalwe ngamakhakithi okuthiwa i- Rickettsia rickettsii
Course : One kuya kwamasonto amabili
I-Rocky Mountain ebonakalayo imfiva igcwele iziphuzo, ukushaywa ikhanda, nomkhuhlane okwenzeka ngemuva kokukhipha umklamo wamuva. Kodwa-ke, amaphesenti angama-30 kuya kwangu-40 azo zonke iziguli ngeke akhulume ngokulunywa kwekhaksi, futhi iziguli eziningi azihlangani.
Ngomkhuhlane weDoyy Mountain, izingane ezindala kanye nabantu abadala baqala ukuhlakulela ikhanda elilandelwa izinhlungu kanye nama-aches emisipha namalunga.
Nakuba i-Rocky Mountain ibhekene nomkhuhlane etholakala kulo lonke elase-United States, livame kakhulu eningizimu ye-Atlantic naseningizimu yezwe eliphakathi. Itholakala nase-Oklahoma. Ngokuvamile, abantu banesifo somkhuhlane weRoyy Mountain ngesikhathi sezinyanga ezifudumele zonyaka lapho amakhiza esebenza khona.
Izinyathelo eziningana zingathathwa ukuvimbela ukukhala kwekhakiti kufaka okulandelayo:
- Ukugqoka izingubo ezinde
- Ukusebenzisa izingubo nezingubo eziphathwa nge-premethrin
- Ukwenza amashekiti ukuhlola wena kanye nezilwane ezifuywayo
- Ukushisa ngokushesha uma ubuyela ekhaya endaweni ekhuni
Ukuqhuma kungukuqala kwe-maculopapular (ukuhlanganisa izici zama-macules nama-papules) futhi kwenzeka emagqumeni nasemagqumeni. I-rash yabe isakazeka emzimbeni lapho ibonakala njenge-petechiae. I-Thrombocytopenia, noma inani eliphansi leplatelet, livamile ne-Rocky Mountain ebonakalayo emkhuhlane futhi kubangelwa i-petechiae.
I-doxycycline yama-antibiotic isetshenziselwa ukuphatha lesi sifo. Ukwelapha nge-doxycycline kuphumelela kakhulu uma kuqala phakathi kwezinsuku ezintathu kuya kwezinhlanu zokugula. Iziguli ezinezimpawu ze-neurological, ukuhlanza, izibonakaliso ezibalulekile ezingaguquki, noma umsebenzi wezinso okhubazekile kufanele zihanjiswe esibhedlela.
I-Rosacea
Isethulo semitholampilo: Ubumvu bobuso obuphakathi namapustules
Iqembu elidala eliyinhloko : Abantu abadala asebekhulile nabadala
Isizathu : Angaziwa
Inkambo : Yesikhathi eside; ama-flare-ups nama-remissions
I-Rosacea yisifo esingelapheki esiholela ekubomvu nasezintweni zobuso kanye nama-acne. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi abayizigidi ezingu-14 baseMelika bane-rosacea. Kuyinto isimo sokuvuvukala esithinta ubuso namehlo futhi ngokuvamile iqhubeka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. I-Rosacea ingabangela ukukhathazeka ebusweni.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kuholela ezilandelayo:
- Vulela ekhaleni
- Isikhumba esicacile sombuso
- Ukuqhuma
- Imigqa ebomvu ebusweni
- Imithwalo yegazi ebonakalayo ebusweni
- Olubomvu, amehlo anamehlo
I-Rosacea ivame kakhulu phakathi kwabesifazane abamhlophe. Kuye ngohlobo nobunzima, i-rosacea ingaphathwa ngama-antibiotics, i-lasers, noma ukuhlinzwa.
I-Seborrhea
Isethulo somtholampilo: Ukuhlukaniswa okuncane, amacwecwe abomvu ngama-greasy, izikali eziphuzi ngokuvamile azungeze isiqhwala, amashiya, ebunzini, izihlathi, nekhala; kungathinta nomzimba
Iqembu elidala eliyinhloko : Amadoda aphakathi kweminyaka engu-20 no-50
Isizathu : Angaziwa
Inkambo : Isikhathi eside, ukubuyela emuva
I-Seborrhea yisimo esingapheli, sokuvuvukala esithinta izingxenye zobuso ezikhiqiza i-sebum. I-Sebum iyinkimbinkimbi ye-oily eyakhiwe yizicathulo ezisabekayo. Izinsana zingaba ne-seborrhea ye-scalp (isikhumba sekhanda) noma i-seborrhea ethinta indawo ye-diaper. Abantu abane-seborrhea bangase bakhululwe nge- Malassezia , uhlobo lomvubelo. Nakuba abantu abanesandulela ngculazi nengculazi bavame ukuba ne-seborrhea, iningi labantu abane-seborrhea banamasosha omzimba avamile. I-Seborrhea iphathwa kakhulu ngemithi ye-antifungal.
Tinea
Isethulo semitholampilo : Okubomvu, izintambo ezinjenge-ring, nomngcele we-scaly; ukuhlanza okuphakathi kungase kungabomvu
Isizathu : I-Fungus
Iqembu elidala eliyinhloko : Wonke iminyaka
Inkambo : Ngokujwayelekile ixazulula ngemuva kokuphathwa kokwelapha okungekho emthethweni
I-Tinea ibhekisela eqenjini lezifo ezibangelwa yi-fungus okuthiwa i-dermatophytes. I-Tinea ingasakazwa ngabantu emva kokuxhumana ngamathawula, igumbi lokugaya esiteji, njalonjalo. Le fungus ingathinta izingxenye ezihlukene zomzimba futhi ibangele izimpawu eziqondene nalezi zifunda kubandakanya:
- I-ringworm lapho i-rash ithatha uhlobo lwendandatho entanyeni, izingalo, imilenze noma i-trunk
- I-scalp ringworm
- Inyawo lika-Athlete
- I-Jock itch
Amafutha amaningi kanye nama-creams azovame ukuphatha i-tinea esikhathini esifushane. Amacala amabi kakhulu angadinga ukwelashwa ngemithi yokwelapha.
I-Urticaria (i-Hives)
Isethulo semitholampilo: Amavili
Iqembu elidala eliyinhloko : Wonke iminyaka
Umbangela : Ukuqeda amandla okudla noma izidakamizwa
Isifundo : Ukuxazulula ngokujwayelekile emva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa noma amasonto ambalwa
I-urticaria, noma ama-hives , ne-angioedema ngokuvamile kwenzeka ndawonye. I-Angioedema ibhekisela ekuvupheni kwesikhumba. AmaHives atholakala ngamaphesenti angu-20 abantu ngesikhathi esithile. Cishe amaphesenti angu-0.5 abantu anesifo esingapheli, noma eside, i-urticaria, okuyi-issue autoimmune. I-Urticaria iphathwa nge-steroids nama-antihistamine kanye nokususwa kwanoma yikuphi izidakamizwa noma ukudla okubangela.
I-Varicella (i-Chickenpox)
Ukwethulwa Kwemitholampilo : Amapulethi, ama-vesicles, ama-pustules kanye nama-crusting, asakazeka esendaweni (ie, centrifugal)
Iqembu eliyinhloko lamaqembu : Izingane
Isizathu : I-Varicella yoster virus
Isifundo : Isikhathi esincane, sidlulela amaviki amabili
Ukutheleleka kokuqala nge-varicella zoster virus ngokuvamile kwenzeka ezinganeni eziphakathi kweminyaka engu-1 no-9 futhi kubangelwa inkukhu . Kubantu abadala, ukutheleleka kokuqala ngegciwane kuvame ukuba nzima futhi kuhambisane ne-pneumonia. Okuphawulekayo kokuxilongwa ngegciwane lesandulela ngculaza kuyisifo esivamile, esiqala njengama-papules bese sishintsha ku-vesicles kanye nama-pustules ngaphambi kokugcina i-crusting. Ukuqala kokushisa kubandakanya ubuso, i-trunk, ne-scalp. Ekugcineni, ukuqhuma kuhamba emaceleni nasemilenzeni. Ezinye izimpawu zezinkukhu zihlanganisa ukuphathwa ikhanda, ubuthakathaka, nokulahlekelwa ukudla. Ukwelashwa kwe-chickenpox kuphawulekayo, nge-acetaminophen enikezwa ngomkhuhlane; uketshezi olunikezwa i-hydration; kanye nama-antihistamine, i-calamine lotion, namabhodlela e-colloidal oatmeal asetshenziswa esikhumbeni. Ukwelashwa kwe-antiviral nge-acyclovir kunganciphisa isikhathi somkhuhlane kanye nobukhulu bezimpawu. Ukugonywa kwabantwana ngokumelene nezinkukhu kunconywa yi-CDC.
> Imithombo:
> Isahluko 116. Impetigo. Ku: Usatine RP, Smith MA, Chumley HS, Mayeaux EJ, Jr .. eds. Umbala we-Atlas of Family Medicine, i-2e New York, i-NY: i-McGraw-Hill; 2013.
> Culton DA, Liu Z, Diaz LA. Isahluko 56. I-Pemphigoid ene-Bullous. Ku: Goldsmith LA, Katz SI, Gilchrest BA, Paller AS, Leffell DJ, Wolff K. eds. Dermatology ka-Fitzpatrick ku-General Medicine, i-8e eNew York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2012.
> Jaffe J, Ratcliff T. Isahluko 42. Izifo ezithathelwanayo Eziphuthumayo. Ku: Stone C, Humphries RL. ama-eds. Ukuqapha Kokuqapha Nokunakekelwa Kwezokwelapha Eziphuthumayo, 7e eNew York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2011.
> Leung DM, Eichenfield LF, Boguniewicz M. Isahluko 14. I-Atopic Dermatitis (i-Atopic Eczema). Ku: Goldsmith LA, Katz SI, Gilchrest BA, Paller AS, Leffell DJ, Wolff K. eds. Dermatology ka-Fitzpatrick ku-General Medicine, i-8e eNew York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2012.
> Zaenglein AL, EM Graber, iThiboutot DM. Isahluko 80. I-Acne Vulgaris ne-Acneiform Eruptions. Ku: Goldsmith LA, Katz SI, Gilchrest BA, Paller AS, Leffell DJ, Wolff K. eds. Dermatology ka-Fitzpatrick ku-General Medicine, i-8e eNew York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2012.