Ukwelashwa kokudla kuyanda kakhulu, kanti cishe izingane eziyi-8% nabantu abadala abangama-5% abanesifo esingenani esisodwa sokudla. Kungaba nzima ukuthi abantu bagweme ukudla kwabo kokudla, futhi ukuvuleka kwengozi okubangelwa ukubhekana nomzimba kujwayelekile kubantu abanezinkinga zokudla. Kodwa-ke, umthetho we-US Food Allergen Labeling kanye noMthetho Wokuvikelwa Kwabathengi ka-2004 ( FALCPA ) udinga ukuthi ukufakwa kwezinto zokudla kuhlanganisa izifo ezivame kakhulu zokudla ezitholakala ekudleni okuhlanganisiwe, kuhlanganise neqanda, ubisi, soy, ukolweni, i-peanut, i-nut nut, i-fish, ne-shellfish .
Ngenkathi lo mthetho ubasiza abantu ukuthi babone ukudla ngezilwane ezifihlekile, kukhona enye ingozi ekhona. Imithi ene-proteins yokudla engase ibangele ukusabela kokugula .
Imikhiqizo yezokwelapha iqukethe izidakamizwa, okuyizithako ezingasebenzi ezingadingeki ngenqubo yokukhiqiza kanye nokusiza ngokuzinza nokusebenza kwemithi. Amakhukhi amaningi ayimikhiqizo yokudla engase ibangele ukusabela kokugula kubantu abathile abanezifo zokudla. Ngenxa yalokho, abantu abaningi abanezinyosi zokudla ngokuvamile bagwema imithi ethile ngenxa yokwesaba i-allergen yokudla efihliwe ebangela ukusabela okweqile. Okulandelayo luhlu lwezifo ezijwayelekile zokudla kanye nemithi ehlobene equkethe amakhophi afanelekayo:
I-egg
Eminye imithi isebenzisa i-acith lecithin njenge-excipient, equkethe amaprotheni amaqanda. Kodwa-ke, ukusabela okwenziwe okwenziwe okweqanda kuma-egg lecithin akuvamile kubantu abaneqhwa lokungabi namagciwane.
Ama-emulsions e-lipid emithanjeni aqukethe amaqanda kanye ne-soy lecithin, futhi ukusabela okubangelwa ukwelashwa kungabangela kakhulu ingxenye ye-soy esikhundleni seprotheyini yeqanda. I-Propofol iyinkimbinkimbi esetshenziswe ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa futhi iyaziwa ngokubangela ukusabela kwe-allergen. Ngenkathi i-propofol iqukethe amaprotheni ama-soy namaqanda, iningi labantu abanamaqanda ukungena emzimbeni bangathola imithi ngokuphepha.
Ukuhlola isikhumba kungenziwa ku-propofol yabantu abaye babhekana nokusabela okubangelwa ukwelashwa ngenxa yokuthatha le mithi.
Inhlanzi
I-protamine iyatholakala kuma-testes e-salmon futhi isetshenziswe njengesithako kwezinye izinhlobo ze- insulini kanye nendlela yokuguqula imiphumela ye-anticoagulant ye- heparin . Ngenkathi ukusabela kwemizwa kuye kwabikwa kubantu abathola i-protamine, abantu abanezinhlanzi zokungabi nhlobo kwezinhlanzi abonakala bengengozini enkulu yokuphendula. Abantu abanezinhlanzi zokudoba izinhlanzi bangathola imithi evikelekile equkethe i-protamine. Amafutha asezinhlanzi asetshenziselwa ukuhlinzeka ngamazinga aphezulu omega-3 fatty acids ukusiza ukuvimbela isifo senhliziyo . Ngenxa yokuthi amafutha wezinhlanzi ahlanjululwa, ayinalo amaprotheni enhlanzi futhi angathathwa ngokuphepha kubantu abanezinhlanzi ezincelisayo.
I-Gelatin
I-Gelatin itholakala emathanjeni axhumene nezinkomo nezingulube futhi iqukethe amaprotheni avela kulezi zilwane. Ukusabela okwenziwe nge-allergen kuya kwe-gelatin kuyinto evamile, ikakhulukazi emithini ejojowe kanye nemigomo. Amaphilisi nama-capsules aqukethe i-gelatin akakhombisi neze ukugula okwenziwe abantu abane-gelatin allerergy. Ama-suppository aqukethe ama-capelules e-gelatin ayaziwa ngokubangela ukusabela kwe-allergen kubantu abane-gelatin allerergy. Ukufakelwa kwe- Erythropoietin equkethe i-gelatin kungabangela ukusabela okubangelwa ukwelashwa kubantu abane-gelatin allerergy.
Izipanji ze-Gelfoam ezisetshenziselwa ukuyeka ukuphuma kwegazi ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa, ziqukethe i-gelatin futhi zixhunyaniswe nokuphendula okwenziwe abantu abano-gelatin allerergy. I-Gelatin ekhona ezinhlobonhlobo ze-fluid intravenous iyaziwa ngokubangela ukusabela okwenziwe abantu abanegelatin yokungezwani komzimba, nakuba lokhu kungasetshenzisiwe e-United States.
Ubisi
Iningi labantu abanobisi bokungezwani komzimba abanalo ukubhekana nokugula ngenxa yokuthatha imithi equkethe amancane amaprotheni obisi. Ngakho-ke, ngokuvamile, le mithi ingathathwa ngokuphepha kubantu abanobisi bokungaboni kahle. Le mithi ihlanganisa ama-probiotics asekelwe e-casein, i- lactose equkethe i- asthma inhalers (njenge- Advair Diskus , i-Flovent Diskus, i-Pulmicort Flexhaler ne-Asmanex), ne-lactose etholakala emithini ye-methylprednisolone (i- corticosteroid ).
Ezinye izinhlobo ze-lactose yebanga lezokwelapha kanye nama-molecule ahlobene azivamile ukungcola nobisi lwe-protein, nakuba kungenzeka ukuthi kubangele ukubhekana nokugula kwabantu abanobuchopho obunzima uma bekhona.
I-Peanut
Amafutha we-peanut asetshenziselwa i- dimercaprol , i- progesterone capsules, nama- capproules a-valproic . Ngoba amafutha e-peanut ahlanzekile ahlanjululwa, ayinayo iphrotheni ye-peanut futhi angeke abangele ukusabela okwenziwe abantu abano-peanut ukungezwani komzimba.
I-Pine Nut
Amantongomane angamapayipi angumkhiqizo wezihlahla zikaphayini, okuwumthombo we-rosin, owaziwa nangokuthi i-colophony. I-Rosin isetshenziselwa njengezinyosi zokugcoba, nakuba kungabonakali kubangelwa ukusabela okwenziwe abantu abane-pine nut ukungezwani komzimba. I-Rosin / i-colophony iyaziwa ukuthi ibangele ukuxhumana nodokotela kubantu abathile, kodwa lokhu kungenzeki kubantu abanezimpawu zokwehla kwamantongomane.
Imbewu yeSesame
Imithi eminingi iqukethe amafutha e-sesame, nakuba amafutha we-sesame-grade ye-sameam ayinalo i-sesame amaprotheni, ngokungafani namafutha we-sesame wokudla, okwenzayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi imishanguzo equkethe i-sesame yamafutha, njenge- progesterone yomjovo , kufanele iphephile kubantu abane-nesame yokungezwani komzimba.
I-Shellfish
I-Glucosamine itholakala emaqolombeni e-shellfish, okuye kwabikwa ngenani elincane labantu ukuthi kubangele ukubhekana nokugula kwabantu abantu abane-shellfish yokungezwani komzimba. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo oluningana oluhlola abantu abaningi abane-shellfish yokungezwani komzimba kubonisa ukuthi i-glucosamine yayiphephile ukuthatha. I-iodine , ekhona ku- shellfish kanye nedayi e-intravenous ( idayi le- IV), ayikho ubudlelwane nokuphendula okwenziwe okwenziwe ngenxa yokudla i-shellfish noma ukuthola idayi ye-IV.
Soy
I-Soy itholakala emithini eminingi kodwa ingavamile ukuthi ibangele ukusabela kwegazi kubantu abanobuchopho besosi. I-lecoyin ye-Soy itholakala kwezinye izinhlobo ze-inhalers , ikakhulukazi lezo zinhlobo ezisetshenziselwa ukuphatha i-COPD, njenge- Combivent ne- Atrovent . Kube khona imibiko yabantu abasebenzisa lezi zinambuzane futhi bezwa izimpawu zokuphefumula ezimbi, kodwa akuzange kuboniswe ukuthi labo bantu babhekene ne-soy and that lecithin soy in inhaler yinkinga. Amafutha we-Soy afakwe emulsions e-lipy emithanjeni etholakala ekutheni umthamo wokubeletha wama-parenteral (TPN), umthombo wokudla okusetshenziselwa iziguli ezigula kakhulu ezingenakudla. Ngenkathi ukusabela okwe-allergen kwenzeka nge-TPN, akukafaneli kufakazelwe ukuthi lokhu kwakungenxa yalokho ukungena kwe-soy. I-Amphotericin C iyinqubo yokwelashwa okusetshenziselwa ukuphatha izifo ezifweni ezigulini ezigula kakhulu. I-Soy phosphatidylcholine yenza i-fatty component of the medication evumela ukuthi ingene futhi ibulale le fungus. Ukuchazwa kwe-allergen kuya ku-amphotericin B kuye kwachazwa, nakuba lezi zingakaze zibekwe icala lokungenwa kwe-soy.
Umthombo:
UKelso JM. Ukudla Okungenzeka Kungenzeka Ukutholakala Kwemithi. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014; 133: 1509-18.