Yikuphi Ukusizwa Kwamahlumela Futhi Okungaba Nengozi Uma Unomdlavuza?
Yiziphi ukugonywa okumele uzithole, futhi kufanele uzigweme nini, ngenkathi uhlala nomdlavuza? Uma ucabanga ngakho okwesikhashana, kulula ukudideka. Ingabe usengozini enkulu emtholampilo noma kusuka ekuthelelekeni umgomo ongakuvimbela? Wenzani uma uthola ukutheleleka? Ingabe usengozini uma ingane yakho noma umzukulu wakho ethola isibhamu? Siyajabula ukuthi sinolwazi oluhle lokwenza lezo zinqumo zibe buhlungu kakhulu.
Kukhona ezinye izibhamu okufanele uzigweme. Kukhona ezinye ezinconywa kakhulu. Futhi, kulabo abahamba ngemithi yokwelashwa, kunesikhathi esingcono nesikhathi esibi kakhulu sokuthola lezo zibhamu ezinconywayo. Ake sibheke isikhathi esihle kakhulu sokudubula kanye nezimpendulo zemibuzo esiyicelile.
Yimiphi Imithi Yokugwema
Ngengozini yokuzwakala njengomama, ake siqale ngokukhuluma ngamashothi angabungozi. Kukhona ezinye zokugoma okufanele ungalokothi uzuze ngesikhathi ukwelashwa umdlavuza-okungenani ukwelashwa nge-chemotherapy, noma uma ungenalo i- immunosuppressed .
Ukuze uzwisise lokhu kusiza ukukhuluma ngezinhlobo ezimbili zokugoma, nokuthi izibhamu ziyasebenza kanjani. Ukugonywa empeleni kusebenza "ukukhohlisa" umzimba ukuba ubone isilwane esibangela isifo, ngakho-ke uma lelo gciwane noma amabhaktheriya ebonakala ngempela, unamabutho alungele futhi uzimisele ukulwa nalo. Kungathatha isikhashana ukufaka impendulo yomzimba omzimba uma umzimba wakho ungakaze ubone imvelo ngaphambili, ngakho-ke inhloso yemigomo ukubeka umzimba wakho amandla ekuhlaseleni okusheshayo kulezi zifo.
Kunezindlela ezimbili imishanguzo ingaveza umzimba wakho into efana naso nesifo.
- Phila, kodwa amabhaktheriya abuthakathaka noma amagciwane
- Amabhaktheriya abulawe noma amagciwane
I-Vaccines Live
Imishanguzo ephilayo iqukethe igciwane elincane (elibhekiswe) noma amabhaktheriya. Isizathu sokusebenzisa umgomo wokuphila ukuthi uyilungisa umzimba kangcono-kungokwemvelo kakhulu-uma kwenzeka uvezwe ku-agent esebenzayo ngempela, futhi umgomo uvame ukuhlala isikhathi eside.
Uma inani lakho legazi elimhlophe liphansi ngenxa ye-chemotherapy (i -neutropenia eyenziwa yi-chemotherapy ) noma isimiso sakho somzimba sokuzivikela ngculaza mhlawumbe sigxiliwe ukwelashwa komdlavuza, amagciwane aphilayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi "ukuhlushwa" akuwona yini umqondo omuhle. Imishanguzo yegciwane ebukhoma kufanele igwenywe ngenkathi ukwelashwa komdlavuza futhi ihlanganisa:
- I-Flumist (umuthi wokugoma we-flu spray) - umjovo wesifo somkhuhlane igciwane elibulewe futhi lixoxwe kamuva
- I-oral polio - umjovo uyindaba ehlukile
- I-MMR - Imifino / Amagundane / I-Rubella (isisindo seJalimane)
- UVavvax (umgomo wokukhukhuka)
- I-Zostivax (umgomo wokushisa ama-shingles)
- I-RotaTeq ne-Rotarix (imishanguzo ye-rotavirus)
- I-BCG (igciwane lesifo sofuba)
- Ukugonywa kwe-yellow fever
- I-oral typhoid - kunegciwane lokugoma elifile elikhona
- I-Adenovirus
- Isikhumba
Xhumana Nomuntu Othole Imishanguzo Ephilayo - Kuye kwaba nokukhathazeka okuningi ngokuthi ngabe abantu ababhekene nokwelapha kanomdlavuza bangengozi yokugonywa, bathi, umzukulu uzogonywa ngegciwane lesandulela ngculaza eliphilayo. Le mfundiso yukuthi ukuchithwa kwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza ngumtholi womgogodla kungabangela ingozi. Ngaphandle kwe-polio yomlomo ne-ingulube (ukugoma okunikezwe okungavamile) okungaba yingozi, lokhu akuzange kubonakale kuyinkinga ephawulekayo, ngamacala amahlanu kuphela okudluliswa ngawo okudluliswayo ngokukhipha ukukhishwa kwezigidi ezingu-55.
Kubalulekile ukukhuluma ne-oncologist yakho mayelana nanoma yiziphi izinyathelo ezikhethekile eziqaphayo uma abathandekayo bakho bethola imishanguzo ebukhoma.
I-Vaccines ebulawe
Nakuba kungenakubeka ingozi yokutheleleka, ukugonywa ngaphandle kokukhulelwa (futhi ngezinye izikhathi umkhuhlane) ngokuvamile kuvinjelwa ngesikhathi ukwelashwa kwemithi, okungenani e-United States. Ukukhathazeka kuvame ukuthi ngaphezulu ukuthi umgomo ngeke uphumelele kunanoma iyiphi ingozi engase ikwazi ukuyenza pose. Imishanguzo yalesi sigaba ihlanganisa:
- I-fluject injectable shot
- I-Pneumovax ne-Prevnar (isibhamu "se-pneumonia")
- I-hepatitis A
- I-hepatitis B
- I-DTaP (i-diphtheria, i-tetanus, i-pertussis)
- Hib
- I-Meningitis
- AmaRabi
- Ikholera
- Umjovo we-typhoid
- I-encephalitis ephathekayo
- Encephalitis yaseJapane
I-Flu Shot
Ukubhekana nokwelashwa komdlavuza ungase ukhathazeke ngokuthola umuthi wokugoma uma unesibalo esincane esimhlophe segazi, kodwa cabanga futhi. Ukubalwa okulinganayo okumhlophe kungakwenza ube nomthelela omkhulu wokuhlaselwa isifo esingathí sina noma esisongelayo ekuguleni ukugonywa kuklanyelwe ukuvimbela. Iningi labantu lingathola umkhuhlane odutshulwa ngenkathi ukwelashwa umdlavuza, nakuba kunezikhathi ezihle kakhulu futhi mhlawumbe amafomu amahle kakhulu angezansi. Uma uthola ukwelashwa komdlavuza kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ukuthi yini okufanele ukwenze uma uthola umkhuhlane, nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze uma uthuthukisa izimpawu.
Khumbula ukuthi ngesifo sofuba, ngokuvamile kuvame ukugula-okuvela emva kokugula ngengculaza-okubangela izinkinga eziningi. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ngo-2015 e-United States kuphela abantu abangaba ngu-200 000 babhedlela ngezifo eziqala ngo-fri. Asazi ukuthi ngabe abantu abanomdlavuza bajwayele ukuthuthukisa umkhuhlane, kodwa siyazi ukuthi izinga lokufa phakathi kweziguli zomdlavuza eziphethwe yi-flu.
Umgomo wokugoma unganikezwa ngezindlela ezingaphezu kweyodwa. Imishanguzo emine okwamanje etholakalayo ukuvimbela umkhuhlane ihlanganisa:
- I-Flumist - Njengoba kuphawuliwe ngenhla, umgomo wokugoma umkhuhlane kufanele uphethwe ngenkathi ukwelashwa komdlavuza njengoba kuyigciwane eliphikisiwe elibhekisiwe.
- Ukushiswa komkhuhlane wesintu
- I-intradermal flu flu shot
- I-Flu-Zone High-Dose
Umkhuhlane we-intradermal, owunikezwe ngaphansi kwesikhumba ngenaliti encane, wamukelwa ngo-2011 kubantu abadala abanempilo abaneminyaka engama-18 kuya ku-64. Njengoba lenzelwe abantu abanempilo, kungase kungabi yinto enhle kunazo zonke kulabo abaphila nomdlavuza . Ngokususelwa kwizifundo kuze kube yimanje, ukwelashwa okungcono kungase kube ukukhwabanisa okuphezulu kwesilinganiso somkhuhlane ovame ukuphakanyiswa kubantu asebekhulile abanamasosha omzimba angasebenzi kanye nabantu abancane. Ezicwaningweni, kutholakala ukuthi amazinga e-seroconversion-umgomo wokuvuselela ama-antibodies-wawungcono ngokugoma umthamo ophezulu, kodwa izinga lokuvimbela isisindo-umgomo wokuvikela abantu besifo-kwakufana ne-friday shot yendabuko. Njengoba lokhu kuyindawo esebenzayo yocwaningo, kubalulekile ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nezincomo ngalesi sikhathi.
Isikhathi Sokudubula Kwemvula
Kunzima ukukhuluma ngesikhathi esihle kakhulu sokuguquka komkhuhlane ngokuphathelene nokuphathwa komdlavuza njengoba wonke umuntu ehlukile futhi kunezinhlobo eziningi eziguqukayo. Khuluma ne-oncologist yakho ngalokho okukuhle kuwe. Ngokuvamile kunconywa ukuthi lezi zihluthulelo zinikezwe ngesikhathi ukubala kwegazi lakho kulindeleke ukuba kube phezulu, futhi lokhu kungahlukahluka kuye ngezidakamizwa ezithile ze-chemotherapy nemigomo oyitholayo.
Njengoba kuphawuliwe ngenhla, kunezinhlobo ezimbili ezibalulekile okufanele zicatshangelwe. Enye ingozi yokugula ngesibhamu. Okunye okuwukuthi lapho amasosha omzimba wakho engasebenzi kahle, umuthi wokugoma ungase ungasebenzi kahle ekudaleni umkhuhlane.
Kubantu abanikezwa i-steroids (imiphumela yecala kanye neye-chemotherapy side effects), kungase kube khona ingozi ekhuphuka emithonjeni yokugoma, futhi mhlawumbe ayikho inzuzo. Ucwaningo oluthile luye lwathola ukuthi iziguli eziphathwa ngemithi yomdlavuza-isibonelo, i-rituximab, uhlobo lwezokwelapha ezihlosiwe-aluphendulanga ekudutsheni komkhuhlane.
Kulabo abane-stem cell transplant noma ukufakelwa komnyofu we-bone, kunconywa ukuba balinde okungenani izinyanga ezingu-6 ngaphambi kokuthola umgomo wokugoma, futhi mhlawumbe isikhathi eside kumacala ahlukene.
Ukuboniswa noma Izimpawu Ze-Flu
Uma uke wambulwa umuntu onomkhuhlane, noma uma uthuthukisa izimpawu zofuzo , shayela i-oncologist yakho ngokushesha. Kukhona imithi etholakalayo engasiza ekunciphiseni ubukhulu bomkhuhlane kodwa kudingeka ukuthi iqaliswe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze iphumelele. Khumbula ukuthi uma usuphethe umkhuhlane wakho ukudubula ngokuvamile kuthatha okungenani amasonto amabili ngaphambi kokuthi kuphumelele ekuvimbeleni umkhuhlane. Akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi umkhuhlane ungaba yingozi uma isimiso somzimba wakho samasosha omzimba sibhekene nenselele ngenxa yokwelashwa, kodwa ukuguga nomkhuhlane kungabangela ukulibaziseka ekwelapheni kwakho.
I-Pneumonia Shot
I-pneumonia yimbangela eyodwa yokufa okuvimbela ukugonywa e-United States, futhi enye yezimbangela eziyishumi zokufa. Ukwengeza kulokho okunciphisa umzimba okunciphisa ukuthi kungaphila ukwelashwa komdlavuza, futhi ukuvimbela lesi sifo kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu.
Kunezifo ezimbili zokugoma ezitholakalayo nge-pneumonia:
- I-PPSV23 - Kunconywe abantu abadala abaneminyaka engama-65 nangaphezulu
- I-Prevnar -PCV13 - Kunconywe izingane ngaphambi kweminyaka engu-2.
Ngokusho kwe-CDC, abantu abanomdlavuza ngokuvamile abangazange bathole umgomo we-PCV13 kufanele bathole umgomo we-PCV13, olandelwa ukulinganiselwa okuphakanyisiwe kokugoma kwe-PPSV23. (Khuluma nodokotela wakho.)
Uma uthola umgomo we-PPSV23 kodwa hhayi umgomo we-PCV13 kufanele uthole umgomo we-PCV13, olandelwa yiziphi izinsalela ezisele zokuphakanyiswa ze-PPSV23.
Isikhathi se-Pneumonia Shot
Ukukhathazeka, njengokusho komkhuhlane ukuguquka yisikhathi, njengoba umgomo ungasebenzi kahle kubantu abahamba nge-chemotherapy. Ngokomthombo owodwa, isikhathi esihle kakhulu amasonto amabili ngaphambi kokuqala i-chemotherapy, futhi kungenjalo izinyanga ezintathu emva kokuqeda ukwelashwa, kodwa lokhu kungahluka kakhulu kuye ngokuthi uzothola yini imithi yokwelapha. Khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nesikhathi esihle sokuthola lezi zogonywa.
Okunye Ukugonywa
Ezimweni ezikhethekile, kungase kudingeke ucabange ngomunye weminye imishanguzo ebulawe njengomuthi wokugoma wama-rabies. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngezingozi nezinzuzo kanye nesikhathi esiphelele ngemithi yakho.
Izifo zokuvimbela izifo ezithathelwanayo
Ukuvimbela ukutheleleka kungukukhathazeka ngesikhathi ukwelashwa komdlavuza, futhi kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi kunezifo eziningi ezingenayo imigomo. Ngokuthabatha ukuthatha izinyathelo ezimbalwa zokuqapha kungancipha kakhulu ingozi yakho. Hlola lawa mathiphu ayishumi okuvimbela ukutheleleka .
Izifo ezifakwe esibhedlela kanye ne-MRSA
Uma uthola ukwelashwa komdlavuza, kuyasiza futhi ukuqaphela izifo ezitholakale esibhedlela . Hlola lezi zeluleko zokuvimbela izifo ezitholakale esibhedlela ukuze ugweme ukuba omunye wabantu baseMelika abayizigidi ezingu-1. abathintekayo yizifo zokugula ngonyaka. Futhi uma uqala ikhanda lakho bezibuza ukuthi kungani uceliwe izikhathi eziningana uma unesi-MRSA, funda ngalokho ukutheleleka kwe-MRSA ngempela .
> Imithombo:
> Eliakim-Raz, N., Vinograd, I., Zalmanovici-Trestioreanu, A., Leibovici, L., noMnu Paul. Imishanguzo ye-Influenza kuma-immunosuppressed abadala abanomdlavuza. I-Cochrane Database yezibuyekezo ezihleliwe . 2013. 10: CD008983.
> Jamshed, S., Walsh, E., Dimitroff, L., Santelli, J., no-A. Falsey. Ukwelashwa okunamandla kokugoma komkhuhlane we-high-dose kuqhathaniswa nomgomo wokugoma umthamo ojwayelekile-iziguli ezikhulile ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka engama-65 ezithola i-chemotherapy. Umgomo . 2015 Dec 22. (Epub ngaphambi kokuphrinta).
> Tai, L. et al. Ukugoma komkhuhlane we-Perioperative kunciphisa isifo se-postoperative se-metastatic ngokuguqula ukukhubazeka okubangelwa ukuhlinzwa emangqamuzaneni abulalayo. Ucwaningo lweCancer Clinic . 2013. 19 (18): 5104-15.
> Toleman, M., Herbert, K., McCarthy, N., noD. Church. Ukugonywa kweziguli ze-chemotherapy - imiphumela yokuqondiswa kokusetshenziswa. Ukondla Ukusekela Ekhanda . 2015 Nov 26. (Epub ngaphambi kokuphrinta).
> Vinograd, I. et al. Ukuphumelela kwemitholampilo yokugoma komkhuhlane wonyaka phakathi kweziguli zomdlavuza omdala. I-Cancer . 2013. 119 (22): 4028-35.