Izikhombandlela zokuhlolwa kwe-HIV emhlabeni jikelele zikhona isikhathi eside manje. Kodwa-ke, abantu abaningi abahlolelwa i- HIV njalo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngesikhathi umuntu ethola ukuthi unesandulela-ngculazi esisha, bangase bazibuze ukuthi kukhona yini indlela yokwazi uma besenwe igciwane noma ngubani otheleleke.
Ukutheleleka okusha kwe-HIV ne-Old
Kunezindlela eziningana zokwenza odokotela bakwazi ukubona ukuthi umuntu osanda kutholakala ukuthi unesandulela ngculaza usanda kutholakala.
Ezimweni ezingavamile, uma ukuhlolwa kwenziwa ekuseni kakhulu, odokotela bazothola abantu abahlolwayo abahle nge- RNA yegciwane noma i-p24 antigen kodwa abangakabi namuntu okwamanje onamandla. Laba yibo ngabanye ezigabeni zokuqala ze-HIV. Kodwa-ke, ngeke kutholakale ekuhlolweni okuningi kwe-anti-based anti- HIV -based. Ngakho-ke, ukutholakala okunjalo kwangempela kokutheleleka nge-HIV akuyona into engavamile.
Ngokuvamile, odokotela bazama ukuthola ukuthi umuntu ohlolwe kahle yini ekuhlolweni okujwayelekile kwe-HIV usanda kutholakala noma cha. Laba bantu kakade banamagciwane okulwa negciwane. Ngakho-ke, odokotela babo basala ukubheka izici ezithile ezithile zalawo ma-antibodies. Lezi zici zizohluka kubantu abanezifo ezintsha ze-HIV kunabantu abane-HIV abasungulwe.
Izici ze-Antibody ezihlolwa odokotela ukuze zibone isigameko sokutheleleka nge-HIV zifaka:
- Uhlobo lwe-antibodies lukhona . Ama- isotypes ahlukene we-antibodies avela ngezikhathi ezahlukene emva kokuvezwa kwe- pathogen . Izifo eziningi zingasiza ekunqumeni ukuthi umuntu usanda kugciwane noma cha. Kodwa-ke, ama-antibodies e-IgM asetshenziselwa ukuthola ukutheleleka okusha angase abe khona kubantu abanesandulela ngculazi okwesikhashana. Ngakho-ke, lokhu akusiyo njalo ewusizo ekutheleleni izifo ze-HIV njengoba odokotela bangase bathande. (Nokho, lokhu kungase kusetshenziswe ngezinye izikhathi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezifo ezingelapheki zaso kanye nezidakamizwa zamuva .)
- Inani lamagciwane akhona . Ngemva kokulwa namagciwane, kuqala ukuvela ekuphenduleni ukutheleleka ngegciwane lesandulela ngculaza, banda ngaphezu kwezinyanga ezimbalwa. Bese baqala ukuphuma. Uma lezi zinguquko zingatholakala, kungase kube uphawu lokutheleleka okusheshayo.
- Iphi i-HIV yokuvikela i-HIV yamagciwane ebophezelako . Njengoba ukutheleleka ngegciwane lesandulela ngculazi kuqhubeka, inani elithile lama-antibodies aguqukayo ama-antigen antigciwane. Kungenzeka ukusebenzisa lokhu ukucacisa ukuthi ngabe umuntu unesandulela ngculaza noma sekupheleni kwesikhathi.
- Yeka ukuthi amasosha omzimba aphikisana ne-HIV . Abantu abatsha abanegciwane lesandulela ngculazi banama-antibodies abambelela kancane kancane kwegciwane lesandulela ngculazi kunabantu abanesifo eside esasungulwe. Kodwa-ke, abantu abaqala ukwelashwa ngokushesha nje emva kokutheleleka bangase babe nama-antibodies ane- avidity efanayo ephansi.
Kodwa kungenzeka ukuthi ngeke kwenzeke
Ekuphetheni, kungenzeka odokotela ukuba banqume ukuthi ngabe i-HIV yakho entsha isifo sokutheleleka okusha noma ukutheleleka okudala. Kodwa-ke, lolu lwazi alukwazi ukuhlolwa ngokuhlola okujwayelekile kwe-HIV. Ukuqaphela ukuthi ukutheleleka okusha okususelwe yini ukutheleleka okusha kwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza kuvame ukuwenziwa ngabantu abasebenza nge-HIV ukubhekwa. Akuyona ingxenye evamile yokunakekelwa kwesineke. Ngakho-ke, uma usanda kuthiwa unesandulela ngculaza futhi ukhathazekile ngokuthi ngabe u- seroconverted , ungase udingeke ukhulume nesazi sesifo esithathelwanayo mayelana nokuhlolwa okwengeziwe.
Akuwona wonke udokotela ozokwazi noma okwazi ukufinyelela, ubuchwepheshe obudingekayo.
Eqinisweni, isikhathi esiningi, odokotela ngeke benze lezi zindlela zokuhlola ezigulini ezisanda kutholakala - ngisho noma ziceliwe. Isiguli ngokuvamile kubhekwa ukuthi sinesifo esiphuthumayo (esisha esasanda kuhanjiswa) kuphela uma sihlolwe futhi sitholakale singakalungi ngonyaka odlule. Iziguli ezintsha ezitholakale zinegciwane lesandulela ngculazi ezingakahlolwe njalo zivele zingakwazi ukuthola ukuthi zisanda kugciwane.
Kufanelekile ukuphawula ukuthi kunezinye izimo ezimbalwa lapho abantu baqeda ukuhlukaniswa khona njengendlela esanda kutholakala esikhundleni sosanda kutholakala.
- Uma umuntu ene-antibodies anti-HIV futhi i-RNA positive, kodwa i- Western blot yayo ayinqunyelwe. Lokhu kucatshangwa ukuthi kuyisibonakaliso sokutheleleka okunzima. Lezi ziboshwa zingabanjwa ngeziqhinga zokuhlola eziqinisekisiwe ezisetshenziselwa ukuthola i-HIV.
- Uma umuntu evivinya kahle nge-RNA yegciwane kodwa angakhiqiza ama-antibodies anti-HIV. Kodwa-ke, akuyona yonke inhlolovo ye-HIV equkethe ukuhlolwa kwe-RNA, ngakho-ke lezi zimo zilahlekelwa kalula.
Kungani Ukuthola Izifo Ezintsha Ze-HIV Kubalulekile
Ukuthola ukutheleleka okusha kwe-HIV uma kusekusha kubalulekile. Ukwenza kanjalo kunganciphisa kakhulu ukusabalala kwe-HIV. Ngezizathu eziningana, abantu basengozini enkulu yokudlulisela i-HIV kubalingani babo bocansi emasontweni, ezinyangeni, noma eminyakeni ngaphambi kokuba bazi ukuthi bane-HIV.
Isizathu sokuqala sokuthi abantu abanesandulela ngculazi bangase babe yingozi kakhulu kubalingani babo ngaphambi kokuba bavivinye kahle kuyabonakala. Uma bengazi ingozi yabo, bangase bangashukunyiswa ukwenza ucansi oluvikelekile . Owesibili wukuthi abantu abasanda kuthola igciwane babe nemithwalo ephezulu yegciwane lesandulela ngculazi futhi basakazeka kakhulu kunabantu abaye bathola igciwane isikhathi eside. Lokhu kwenza ithuba lokudlulisa igciwane liphakeme kunoma yikuphi ukuhlangana okuthile. Owesithathu wukuthi uma ungahlolwanga, awusaphathwa . Ukwelashwa kunciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokuthelela umlingani wakho. Eqinisweni, manje isetshenziswe njengendlela yokuvimbela.
Imithombo:
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