I-American Heart Association (AHA), i-American Heart Association (AHA), i-American Heart Association (AHA), iningi labantu abathathu nezingane ezisencane, likhulu kakhulu noma likhulu ngokweqile.
Njengoba i-AHA ibona, lesi sizinga sesicishe sibe kathathu ngalokho okwakungokuka-1963. Eqinisweni, ukukhuluphala kwengane kuye kwasakazeka kakhulu futhi kusongela impilo yezingane ukuthi i-American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) inayo yonke iwebhusayithi ezinikele ekuvimbeleni kwayo futhi ukwelashwa.
Kodwa ithemba alilahlekile. Abazali kuyo yonke indawo bayokujabulela ukwazi ukuthi izinhlangano ezihlukahlukene, ngaphezu kwe-AHA ne-AAP, futhi kuhlanganise ne-World Health Organization (WHO), ziye zajoyina empini yokuqeda ukukhuluphala kwengane.
Ukuhlanganyela ekulwa nokukhuluphala kwengane kudinga ukuqonda izincazelo, izimbangela, ukwelashwa kanye namathuba okuvimbela.
Ukukhuluphala Kwezingane Kuchazwe Kanjani?
Kuzingane ezineminyaka emibili kuya kwengu-19 ubudala, ukukhuluphala kuhlongozwa kusetshenziswa inkomba ye-mass mass (BMI). I-BMI noma ngaphezulu kwe- 95c percentile yabantwana abaneminyaka efanayo nobulili ihlukaniswa njengobunzima kakhulu. I-BMI engaphezu kwe- 85c percentile kodwa engaphansi kwe-95 th percentile ibhekwa ukuthi iwela esigabeni esiphakeme kakhulu.
Kuzingane ezincane kuneminyaka emibili ubudala, okwamanje akukho incazelo ephakanyisiwe futhi evunyelwene ngayo yokukhuluphala ngokweqile.
Yiziphi Izingozi Zempilo Ekukhuleni Kwengane?
Kunezingozi zempilo eziningi ezinzulu ezihlobene nokukhuluphala ezinganeni, kokubili isikhathi esifushane nesikhathi eside.
Izingane ezinamafutha amaningi kakhulu zinomqondo ophezulu wokuba nomfutho wegazi ophakeme (umfutho wegazi ophakeme) kanye negazi eliphakeme le-cholesterol, okubili kokubili okuyizinto eziyingozi ezinganeni zesifo senhliziyo esizayo (isifo senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, kuhlanganise nemithwalo yegazi enikezela ubuchopho).
Kwesinye isifundo, isibonelo, amaphesenti angama-70 ezingane ezithobekile athola ukuthi okungenani abe nengozi eyodwa yesifo senhliziyo.
Izingane ezinamafutha amaningi kakhulu nazo zengozini enkulu yokuthuthukisa uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwesibili . Eqinisweni, ukwanda kwe-type 2 yesifo sikashukela ezinganeni kuye kwabangela ukukhathazeka okukhulu emphakathini wezokwelapha, njengoba "isifo sikashukela sobuntwaneni" esetshenziswa ukubonakala nje kuphela njengesifo sikashukela sohlobo olulodwa.
Manje, ngokukhuphuka kokukhuluphala kwengane, kube khona ukuqhuma okuqotho ezimweni zohlobo lwesifo sikashukela ezinganeni ezinganeni. Njengoba unikezwe ukuthi isifo sikashukela sinesisindo esinamandla sokugula kwesifo senhliziyo, lokhu kungenye yezinkinga ezinezinhlawulo ezinzima zesikhathi eside.
Ukwengeza, izingane ezinokukhuluphala cishe zinezinkinga zokuphefumula, ezifana ne- asthma kanye nokuvimbela ukuphefumula kokulala . Lezi zingane nazo zingase zibe nezinkinga ezihlangene nezifo zesibindi eziye zahlotshaniswa nomdlavuza we-cirrhosis nesibindi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Okokugcina, njengoba ochwepheshe abaningi beqaphele, ukukhuluphala noma ukukhuluphala ngokweqile ebuntwaneni kuvame ukuholela ekukhulupheni ekukhuleni.
Yini Ebangelwa Ukukhuluphala Kwezingane?
Akunakwenzeka ukukhomba esinye sezizathu zobungqabavu obuncane bomntwana. Kunalokho, izici ezihlukahlukene nezinhlanganisela zidlala.
Ucwaningo oluningi luye lwahlola izizathu zezinga eliphezulu eliphezulu lokukhuluphala kwengane-ngezifundo eziningi eziqhubekayo. Ukuphila okunomqondo owedlula isikhathi kutholakale ukuthi kunezifundo eziningi.
Futhi ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi izingane ezibukela ithelevishini isikhathi esingaphezu kwehora elilodwa ngosuku zivame ukuba ne-index ye-mass mass ephezulu (BMI) kanye nomfutho wegazi ophakeme. Abacwaningi baphakamise ukuthi isikhathi esiningi esichitha phambi kwethelevishini sihlotshaniswa nokukhetha okungalungile kokudla okuholela ekugqithiseni ngokweqile nokukhuluphala, futhi kwandisa ingozi yenhliziyo.
Ukunciphisa izinhlelo zokufundisa ngokomzimba kanye nesikhathi esinikezwe umsebenzi wokwenza umsebenzi ngesikhathi sokufunda esikoleni esiphakathi nakho kuye kwacatshangelwa ekukhuleni kokukhula komntwana nokukhula ngokweqile. Ngaphezu kokukhuluphala ngokweqile, kunezizathu eziningi zokuthi ukwehla komsebenzi womzimba kubaluleke kakhulu; amazinga aphansi okuqina emzimbeni athambekele ekwandiseni ingozi yesifo senhliziyo.
Ukudla okungalungile kokukhethwa kokudla kwekhalori-okumanzi kuye kwaxhunyaniswa nokukhuluphala kwengane. Izifundo eziningi ziye zathola ubuhlobo phakathi kwezimo ezithile zokuziphatha-njengokudla iziphuzo zoshukela-nokukhuluphala. Ukudla kweziphuzo ezinomsoco kunakekelwa kakhulu futhi ucwaningo luye lwaluveza ngokubaluleke kakhulu inhlangano phakathi kokudla nokukhuluphala kwabo, kokubili kubantwana nakubantu abadala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, odokotela abaningi bayaqaphela ukuthi uma izingane ezikhuluphele futhi eziqine ngokweqile zilandela izincomo zabo zokunciphisa noma zokugwema ukungenisa isiphuzo, zithembeka ngokwethembeka.
Khumbula ukuthi isigaba sesiphuzo soshukela sihlanganisa kokubili iziphuzo ezithambile kanye neziphuzo neziphuzo, okuvame ukuba ne-ushukela amaningi. Eqinisweni, ukungenisa iziphuzo zoshukela kubhekwa njengengozi kakhulu empilweni yezingane kanye nesisusa esiyinhloko sokukhuluphala, ukuthi amadolobha amaningana abeke amashayali engeziwe noma amalebula okuxwayisa kuwo.
Kukhona nezici zofuzo ezithintekayo ekuthuthukiseni ukukhuluphala kwengane, eziningi zazo ezisanda kucwaningwa noma zitholwa. Ngokwesibonelo, ososayensi bathole ukuthi isakhi sofuzo se-FTO singenza umkhuba wokudla nokudla ngokweqile ebusheni.
Ukuphatha Ukukhuluphala Kwabantwana
Ukuba nomntwana ukuthola ukuxilongwa kokukhuluphala kunzima kunoma yimuphi umzali. Uma ukhathazekile ukuthi ingane yakho ingase ibe ngokweqile noma ikhuluphele, qiniseka ukuthi uxoxisane nokukhathazeka kwakho nengane yezingane yakho bese ucela usizo. Bangakwazi ukuhlinzeka ngamasu angabangela ukulahlekelwa isisindo futhi okufanele ingane yakho nesimo sakho.
Uma ingane yakho inikezwe ukuxilongwa kokukhuluphala, ungasebenzisa naye ngendlela enhle yokwenza umsebenzi womzimba nsuku zonke kumnandi kakhulu-ikakhulukazi uma engakwazi ukufinyelela emfundweni yemvelo esikoleni-nokukhuthaza ukudla okunempilo imikhuba. (Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuthatha izinyathelo zokukhuthaza imikhuba enempilo ngamaholidi ajwayelekile ngokuhambisana nokusetshenziswa kweshukela, njengeHalloween ne-Easter, futhi okwenza kube yinto ejwayelekile yokudla ekhaya njalo.)
Ungakhathaleli amandla okudla ukudla okuphekwe ekhaya eduze kwetafula lomndeni. Lokhu akukhuthazi nje kuphela isikhathi sekhwalithi nezingane zakho, kodwa izifundo zibonise kaningi ukuthi kunezinzuzo eziningi zezempilo ezitholakala ngokudla ekhaya.
Ngokwesibonelo, ocwaningweni olwethulwa emhlanganweni we-AHA we-2015 e-Orlando, abacwaningi abakhokhwa yiGeng Zong, i-PhD, abacwaningi nabo eHarvard TH Chan School of Health Public eBoston, bathole ukuthi abantu abadlilayo banesidlo sezinsuku ezingu-11 kuya kwezingu-14 izidlo ezazilungiselelwe ekhaya ngesonto ngalinye zineengozi ephansi engamaphesenti angu-13 okuthuthukisa ukukhuluphala ngokweqile kanye nohlobo lwesifo sikashukela 2 uma kuqhathaniswa nalabo abadla isidlo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ezilungiselelwe ekhaya kanye nezidlo.
Ezinye izifundo ziye zaxhuma ukudla ngaphandle kwendlu, ikakhulu ukudla okusheshayo, ukukhuluphala ngokweqile nokukhuluphala kwabantwana kanye nabantu abadala. Ngokusho kombiko okhishwe yi-US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), ngokusekelwe kwidatha evela ku-National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), ngaphezu kwengxenye eyodwa kwezintathu zezingane kanye nentsha idla ukudla okusheshayo nganoma yiluphi usuku olunikeziwe.
Njengoba i-CDC iphawula, "Ukusetshenziswa kokudla okusheshayo kuye kwaxhunyaniswa nokuzuza isisindo kubantu abadala." Ukukhetha okungondleki kokudla okunomsoco nge-calorie-dense food nakho kuhlotshaniswa nokukhuluphala kwengane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukudla okusheshayo kuyaziwa ukuthi kunamafutha aphakeme kakhulu e-sodium negcwele, angabangela ukucindezeleka kwegazi kanye nesifo senhliziyo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukudla okuphekwe ekhaya kuvame ukuba nekhwalithi ephakeme yokudla kanye namanoni angaphansi kwe-sodium negcwele. Kuhlaziywa okunye kwabahlanganyeli abangaba ngu-10 000 ku-NHANES kusukela ngo-2007 kuya ku-2010, abacwaningi baphetha ngokuthi "ukupheka ukudla njalo ekhaya kuhlotshaniswa nokusetshenziswa kokudla okunempilo noma ngabe akukho muntu ozama ukuncipha."
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zokwelapha manje ezitholakalayo zokukhuluphala. Ngaphezu kokuguquka kwendlela yokuphila, lokhu kuhlanganisa imithi yokulwa nokukhuluphala ngokweqile kanye nokuhlinzwa kwe-weight (loss-loss). Nakuba indlela yokuphila iguquka, njengokudla nokuzivocavoca, iyindlela yokwelapha yokuqala kubantu bonke, lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulu kubantwana. Izingane zingathola imiphumela emibi kakhulu evela emithini noma imithi eminingi engavamile. Noma kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuxoxa ngazo zonke izindlela kanye nezinketho ezingcono kakhulu ezinganeni zakho nezingane zabo.
Izwi elivela
Khumbula njalo ukuthi ukukhuluphala kunokwelapha futhi, njengoba unikezwe inani lezingane ezweni lonke nasemhlabeni jikelele oye wathola ukuthi unesisindo ngokweqile noma ukukhuluphala, awuqiniseki ukuthi uyedwa ekulwa kwakho.
Nakuba kuzothatha ukuzinikezela nokubekezela ukufaka indawo futhi ubambelele ohlelweni lokusiza ingane yakho ukubhekana nayo futhi ekugcineni inqobe ukukhuluphala, iyokhokha kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ibeke inkambo yekusasa elingcono, elinempilo yengane yakho.
Imithombo :
I-American Heart Association Scientific Sessions 2015 News Daily . I-TriStar Publishing, Inc. Ngo-Novemba 9, 2015.
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Ogden CL, uCarroll MD, Kit BK, i-FM KM. Ukukhula komntwana nokukhuluphala komuntu omdala e-United States, 2011 - 2012. JAMA. 2014; 311 (8): 806-814.
USomemo S, Tena JJ, Kim KH, Gamazon ER, et al. Izinhlobonhlobo ezihambisana nokukhuluphala ngokweqile ngaphakathi kweFTO ifomu elide lokuxhumana okusebenzayo ne-IRX3. Imvelo 2014; 507: 371-5.
I-Vikraman S, i-Fryar CD, i-Ogden CL. Ukudla kwama-Caloric ngokudla okusheshayo phakathi kwezingane nentsha e-United States, 2011 - 2012. I-NCHS Data Brief No. 213, September 2015. Itholakala ku-intanethi ku- http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db213.htm ngoSeptemba 25, 2015.