Isiko samanje sokuphika kwesayensi sifikelele ku-HIV
Naphezu kwentuthuko cishe yansuku zonke kuma-sciences e- HIV , isithunzi sokuphika i-AIDS sisalokhu sikhulu, senza ukungabaza nokuphazanyiswa phakathi kwalabo abavame kakhulu kunesidingo esikhulu sokunakekelwa.
Ngesikhathi amazwi amakhulu ephikisanayo (Peter Duesberg, uCelia Farber) engase angakwazi ukuthayipha ama-medialight avela emuva ngawo-1980 nangama-90-lapho ephansi kakhulu eyaziwayo nge-HIV nokwesaba kwahlinzeka ipulatifomu elungile kulabo abasemagqumeni yesayensi efanele - imiyalezo nezindlela zabo kusenomthelela namuhla.
Ukuqeda imibono yabo njenge-"quackery" yezokwelapha noma izinsalela zesikhathi esingaphansi kokukhanyisa kakhulu kubangele umphumela wokuthi ukuphika komqondo kunombono womphakathi we-HIV, kanye nokwesaba okungaqondakali nemizwelo abayitholayo.
Ngokushesha ngo-2007, ucwaningo oluqhutshwa yi-US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) lubonise ukuthi amaphesenti angu-51 abantu abambalwa abalala nabesilisa (MSM) bavumelana nesitatimende esithi "I-HIV ayibangeli i-AIDS."
Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi imibono yoqhinga phakathi kwaleli qembu ayiqhubeki kakhulu yizinkolelo eziphikisanayo nge-se, kodwa ngezingqondo ezingalungile mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwekhondomu , kanye nokungathembeki okujwayelekile kwabasebenzi bakahulumeni kanye / noma ezempilo.
Kuphi Ukuqothulwa Kwengculaza Kuqala?
Ngokusho kwe-Oxford Dictionary, umuntu ophika "umuntu owenqaba ukwamukela iqiniso lomqondo noma isinqumo esisekelwa iningi lobufakazi besayensi noma bomlando."
UChris Hoofnagle, ummeli omkhulu we-Samuelson Law, i-Technology & Public Clinic Clinic eYunivesithi yaseCalifornia, eBerkeley, wandisa incazelo ngokuthi:
"Njengoba inkhulumomphendvulwano evumelekile ayiyona into evumelekile kulabo abanesithakazelo ekuvikeleni imibono eningi kakhulu noma engenangqondo kusuka kumaqiniso esayense, ukuphela kwabo kuphela ukusebenzisa ama-tactics."
Amanye amaqhinga angamaqiniso ahlonzwe nguTara C. Smith, uprofesa ohlangene we-epidemiology eNyuvesi yase-Iowa College of Public Health, kanti uDkt. Steven Novella waseYale University School of Medicine abandakanya
- Ukudweba isayensi ejwayelekile njengokungathinteki ngokwengqondo noma ukuqhutshwa kwesithakazelo (isib. Ukuhlelwa "imali yemithi").
- Ukukhetha ngokukhetha ukuthi yiziphi iziphathimandla okufanele zikholelwe nokuthi yiziphi okufanele zixoshe ukuze uhlele impikiswano yelungu, noma ukuphakamisa ukuthi isayensi efakaziwe iyaxoxwa.
- Ukunciphisa isimo senqatshelwe isayensi kuya kokholo olugxilile kakhulu (oluvame ukushushiswa), kuyilapho kufakazela ukuvumelanisa kwesayensi njengokwenkolo nokucindezela.
- "Ukuphinda uphinde uthumele umgomo" ngokufuna ubufakazi obuningi besayensi okwamanje okwamanje, bese ubambelela ebufakazini obusha uma lezo zidingo zihlangene.
Kungabangela Ukuhlukunyezwa?
Phakathi naleso sikhathi, amalungu omphakathi abamukela izinkolelo zokulahla zivame ukubonwa ukuthi ayengozini yokuthola ulwazi olungalungile noma ukukhwabanisa, noma nje ehluleka imfundo edingekayo yokwenza ukwahlulela okunolwazi. Ucwaningo oluvela eNyuvesi yaseConnecticut lubonakala luchaza okunye.
Abasebenzisi be-intanethi ocwaningweni abamukela ukukholelwa okuthile kwe-AIDS denialist, izilinganiso zokwethemba nokwethembeka zaziphakeme kwiwebhusayithi yezokwelapha ejwayelekile (iTufts Medical School) kunabanye amawebhusayithi aphikisayo abonisiwe (uMatasas Rath, uJonathan Campbell).
Lokhu kubonakala kubonisa ukuthi imilayezo yokuphikisa ayikugqugquzeli kakhulu inkolelo yomuntu siqu, kodwa kunalokho iqinisekisa ukusola nokungabaza kwalabo abangathandi (noma abakwaziyo) ukwamukela iqiniso lwezokwelapha ngokumelene nesahlulelo sabo esingcono.
Ngokwesifundo esenziwe yi-CDC, amaphesenti angu-44 kuphela aseMelika atholakala ukuthi une-HIV ahlobene nokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha. Ulwazi olungalungile mayelana ne-HIV-oluhlanganiswe nokwesaba ukudalulwa nokuntuleka kwe-HIV efanele-kubhekwa njengesizathu esiyinhloko sokuthi kungani abaningi bakhetha ukubambezela ukwelashwa kuze kuqale ukugula kwesifo .
Ngakho-ke ngenkathi ukuphika i-AIDS kungase kubonakale njengomlando wasendulo kwabanye, ikhono layo lokuphazamisa nokuphazamisa lihlala linamandla kakhulu.
Imithombo:
I-Kalichman, S .; I-Eaton, L .; no-Cherry, C. "Akekho Ubufakazi bokuthi i-HIV ibangelwa i-AIDS": Ukunciphisa i-AIDS Imikhosi phakathi kwabantu abaphila negciwane lesandulela ngculazi nengculazi. " Journal of Behavioral Medicine December 2010, 33 (6): 342-440 (Ithebula 3).
I-Skarbinski, J .; I-Furlow-Parmley, i-C .; kanye ne-Frazie, E. "Izilinganiso Zomphakathi Zenani le-HIV + Abadala abathola Ukunakekelwa Kwezokwelashwa, I-ART Enikezwe Ngayo, kanye neProjekthi Yokuqapha Ngokwemilanguzo Ye-Viral, 2009 kuya ku-2010-US." Ingqungquthela ye-19 yama-Retroviruses kanye nezifo ezivame ukuqhutshwa (CROI); Seattle, Washington; Mashi 8, 2013; isicaciso somlomo # 138.