Ubuchopho bunama-hemispheres angu-2 (izinhlangothi,) ezinama-2 ahlukanisa ama-half. Imisebenzi ye-hemisphere elungile ne-hemisphere kwesokunxele cishe ibukisana, ngecala elifanele lobuchopho elawula ingxenye engakwesokunxele yokuhamba komzimba, ukuzwa, umbono nokuzwa, kanti uhlangothi lwesobunxele lulawula isigamu esifanele sale misebenzi.
AmaHemispheres AmaDominant and Non Dominant
Kukhona indawo embalwa emkhatsini wemisebenzi ye-hemispheres engakwesobunxele nengakwesokudla yobuchopho engazibukeli.
Enye i-hemisphere ibizwa ngokuthi i-hemisphere eyinhloko, futhi ihlotshaniswa kakhulu nolimi kanye namakhono anengqondo. I-hemisphere ephezulu lapho izindawo zebuchopho zikhuluma khona ukulawula kanye namakhono ezembalo.
I-hemisphere engeyona inhloko ibhekene nobuciko, kufaka phakathi ubuciko nokucabanga. I-hemisphere engekho ebusayo nayo ihlose ukuhlanganisa ulwazi lwendawo kanye nokulawula umqondo wokuqwashisa isikhala sesithathu.
Izwe eliphakeme kakhulu lobuchopho ngokuvamile liyi-hemisphere elibhekene nesandla sakho esiphezulu. Ukuze abantu abanikezwe ilungelo, izwe eliphakeme kakhulu lihlangothini lwesobunxele. Kubantu abangakwesokunxele, i-hemisphere ephakeme ingase ibe ngakwesokudla, ngakho-ke izibhamu zithinta abantu abashiywe ngezindlela ezihlukene kunokuba zithinte abantu abazinikezele.
Izibhamu Zenhloko Ye-VS. Ama-Hemispheres angenayo i-Dominant
Abantu abaye babhekana nokulimala kwengqondo ku-hemisphere ephezulu bahlangabezana nezinkinga ohlangothini oluhlukile lomzimba wabo, kanye nenkinga ngelimi, okuthiwa i-aphasia.
I-Aphasia ingathinta ikhono lokuthola amagama afanele, ikhono lokuqonda lokho abanye abakushoyo nokukwazi ukufunda noma ukubhala.
Abantu abaye babhekana nokulimala kwengqondo engxenyeni engeyona ebusayo bavame ukubhekana nezinkinga ohlangothini oluhlukile lomzimba wabo, kanye nezinkinga zesahlulelo sendawo kanye nokuqonda nokukhumbula izinto.
I-Lobes Of the Brain
I-hemisphere ngayinye yobuchopho ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye zokusebenza ezibizwa ngokuthi i-lobes. Kukhona ama-lobes amane engxenyeni ngayinye yobuchopho. Kunjalo:
- I-lobe yangaphambili: Ekhona ngaphambili kobuchopho, ngqo ngemuva kwebunzi. I-lobe yangaphambili inkulu kakhulu, ithatha cishe u-1/3 wengqikithi yobuchopho, futhi ilawula ubuntu, ukuziphatha, ukulawulwa ngokomzwelo kanye nokukwazi ukuhlela, ukuxazulula izinkinga nokuhlela.
- I-parietal lobe: Itholakala eduze nangemuva kwekhanda, ngaphezu kwezindlebe. I-lobe ye-parietal ilawula ikhono lokufunda, ukubhala nokuqonda imiqondo yendawo. Umsebenzi we-parietal lobes ongakwesobunxele nongakwesokudla awuboni ngokugcwele, ngombhalo we-parietal lobe olawulayo nokukhuluma, ngenkathi i-parietal lobe engalawuleki ilawula amakhono okwakhiwa kanye nobuciko. Eqinisweni, ukushaywa komzimba okuthinta i- parietal lobe engeyona ebusayo kungakhipha izinkinga zayo, kufaka phakathi ukuphazanyiswa nokungaqondi umzimba wakho.
- I-Occipital lobe: Isifunda esincane esivela ngemuva kwekhanda. I-lobe ye-occipital inesibopho sokuhlanganiswa kombono.
- I-lobe yesikhashana: Itholakala eceleni kwekhanda ngaphezu kwezindlebe nangaphansi kwe-lobe yangaphambili. Ukulawulwa kwe-lobe okwesikhashana ukuzwa, inkumbulo, inkulumo, nokuqonda.
Izinhlobo Ze-Aphasia
Uma umuntu ehlaselwa isifo, isisu sobuchopho noma ukulimala okuthinta uhlangothi olubucayi lobuchopho, ikhono lokusebenzisa ulimi liphazanyiswa.
Izindawo zolimi zobuchopho zihlanganisa izakhiwo eziningana ezitholakala ngaphambili, zesikhashana kanye ne-parietal lobes. Ukulimala noma ukulimala kunoma yiliphi lalezi zifunda ezihlukahlukene, ezihlanganisa indawo kaBraca, indawo kaWernicke kanye ne-fasiculus e-arcuate, kungabangela izinhlobo ezithile ze-aphasia ezihambisana nesifunda esithile solimi lobuchopho obathintekile ngokulimala noma ukulimala kwengqondo.
Ezinye zezinhlobo ezijwayelekile kakhulu ze-aphasia zihlanganisa:
- I-aphasia ecacile, eyaziwa nangokuthi Broca's aphasia: Ukungakwazi ukukhuluma ngendlela ecacile futhi ecacile.
- Ukwamukela i-aphasia, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Wernicke's aphasia: Ukungakwazi ukuqonda incazelo yokukhuluma noma ulimi olulotshiwe. Ngokuvamile, abantu abane-Wernicke's aphasia bangakwazi ukukhuluma ngokushelelayo, kodwa bakhulume ngamazwi nemishwana engenangqondo.
- I-anomic noma i- amnesia aphasia: Ukungakwazi ukuthola igama elifanele lezinto, abantu, noma izindawo
- I-aphasia yomhlaba wonke: Ukungakwazi ukukhuluma noma ukuqonda inkulumo, ukufunda noma ukubhala
Ukuphathwa Kwe-Aphasia
Ukubuyiswa okuvela e-aphasia kunokwenzeka. Indlela ejwayelekile kunazo zonke zokwelapha yindlela yokwelapha inkulumo. Ezinye izinhlobo zokwelapha zihlanganisa:
- Ukucula ukucula
- Ukwelashwa kwezobuciko
- Ukwelashwa kwenkulumo yokuboniswa kokukhuluma
- Therapy therapy
- Imithi
Ezokwelapha ekhaya, ukusekela ukubuyiswa kwe-aphasia kungafaka:
- Ukudlala imidlalo esekelwe emagama
- Ukubuza imibuzo efuna yebo noma cha
- Ukupheka iresiphi entsha
- Ukusebenzisa ukubhala
- Ukufunda noma ukucula ngokuzwakalayo
Ukukhulumisana Nezifo Eziphuthumayo Ezine-Aphasia
Nakuba kungase kube nzima ukuxhumana, abantu abane-aphasia banezinketho eziningi lapho bexhumana nabanye.
Ezinye zalezi zikhetho zihlanganisa:
- Ukusebenzisa izithombe ukwenza izingxoxo zilula
- Ukuba nenkulumo endaweni ethule, engaphazamisi
- Ukudweba noma ukubhala
- Kubonisa abantu ukuthi yini esebenza kahle kakhulu
- Ukuxhuma nabantu nge-imeyili noma kubhulogi
- Ibonisa ikhadi elichaza isimo sakho kwabanye
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kulabo bantu abangenayo i-aphasia, ukuxhumana nabasindile be-stroke abane-aphasia kungenziwa kube lula ngezinye zezindlela ezilandelayo:
- Ukusebenzisa izithombe noma izisetshenziswa zokwenza ingxoxo
- Ukudweba noma ukubhala
- Ukukhuluma kalula futhi kancane
Izwi elivela
Izwe eliphakeme kakhulu lobuchopho lilawula ulimi, okuyinto yezindlela zethu ezibaluleke kakhulu zokuxhumana nezwe. Noma yikuphi ukulimala e-hemisphere eyinhloko yobuchopho-njengesihlungu, isisu noma inhlekelele-kungabangela i-aphasia.
I-Aphasia inselele kumuntu onalesi simo, kanye nabathandekayo nabanakekeli. Iningi labasindile be-stroke abane-aphasia abanolwazi lokuthola kabusha, olungahle lulungiswe ngokusebenzisa ukwelashwa okuvuselelayo ngemuva kokushaywa yisifo .
> Imithombo:
> Uhlaka olusesikhathini sokucubungulwa kolimi ebuchosheni bomuntu kumongo webalazwe lolimi lwe-preoperative ne-intraoperative, Middlebrooks EH, Yagmurlu K, Szaflarski JP, Rahman M, Bozkurt B, Neuroradiology. 2017 Jan; 59 (1): 69-87