I-Eczema, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-atopic dermatitis, isifo esisiguli, esikhumbeni esiphindaphindekayo esivame ukuvela ebuntwaneni kodwa singakwazi ukuqhubeka noma ukuqala ekukhuleni. Njengazinye izifo zokwelapha kanye nesifuba somoya, i-atopic dermatitis ijwayele ukugijima emindenini.
Izimpawu
I-Eczema iqala ngokuyinhloko ukuthi, uma ihlungiwe, iqhuma ibe yi-rash. Ukuqhuma kungase kwenzeke noma kuphi emzimbeni, nakuba izindawo ezithile zivame ngokwengeziwe kuncike eminyakeni yobudala bomuntu.
I-Eczema kuqala ivela njengezingxube ezincane ezibomvu, noma ama-vesicles, angawayeka noma ahlasele ngokuqhuma okuqhubekayo. Njengoba isikhumba siyaqhubeka sikhishwe, sizovela esikhwameni noma sihlambulukile.
Indawo ye-eczema emzimbeni incike eminyakeni yobudala bomuntu. Ezinganeni kanye nezingane ezincane kakhulu, i-eczema ivame ukubandakanya ubuso, isifuba, nangemuva kwesikhumba, ngoba lezi yizindawo lapho ingane ikwazi ukuqala khona. I-Eczema ayitholakali engxenyeni yesigqoko, ngaphandle uma ingane ikwazi ukuqala lapho.
Ezinganeni ezindala nasezikhulile, indawo ye-eczema ivame ukufaka isikhumba emaphethelweni emigqa nangemva kwamadolo, ngoba lezi zindawo "eziguquguqukayo" zikhishwe kalula. I-Eczema ingabandakanya ubuso, izinkophelo, futhi ingagcinwa ezintendeni zezandla nezinyawo ezinyaweni, ikakhulu kubantu abadala.
Kubantu abane-eczema, isimiso somzimba samasosha omzimba sigxile kakhulu emithanjeni kunokulwa nezifo.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi isikhumba sinamakhemikhali amancane okulwa nokutheleleka, okwenza amabhaktheriya ahlukahlukene, isikhunta kanye nama-virus ithuba elingcono lokukhula noma lokuthelela isikhumba.
Ukoloni kanye nokutheleleka kwesikhumba nge- Staphylococcus aureus amabhaktheriya kungalimaza i-eczema kodwa ukwelashwa ngama-antibiotics kungasiza ekuthuthukiseni i-eczema.
Ukutheleleka kwe-fungal, njenge- ringworm , kuvame kakhulu kubantu abane-eczema, ikakhulukazi uma ama-cretic corticosteroid asetshenziswa njalo. Ukutheleleka nge-viral kuvame kakhulu kubantu abane-eczema, njenge-herpes infections kanye ne-molluscum contagiosum. Abantu abane-colonization yesikhumba esiphindaphindekayo kanye / noma ukutheleleka bangathuthukisa izimpawu zabo ze-eczema ngokusebenzisa ukugeza kwe- bleach .
Ukwelapha
Ukugwema izimbangela zokubamba kufanele kube yinto yokuqala ebaluleke kakhulu kubantu abane-eczema. Gwema ukugqoke izingubo ezingacasula isikhumba, njenge-wool, i-nylon, nezinye izinto zokwenziwa. Izembatho zokudoba kufanele ziguguke futhi zihlanjwe nge-detergent encane kanye nomjikelezo wokuguqa kabili. Ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zokunciphisa izindwangu kufanele kugwenywe.
Ngesikhathi ukukhanya kwelanga okuqapha kungasiza kakhulu ekuhloleni kwe-eczema , ukuchayeka ngokweqile elangeni, okubangelwa ukushisa kwelanga, kufanele kugwenywe. Ngakho-ke, isikrini selanga kufanele sisetshenziswe kanzima esikhumbeni ngaphambi kokuba kutholakale ilanga elide.
Abantu abane-eczema ephawulekayo kufanele bahlolwe ngenxa yezinkinga zokuqeda izifo ezihlolwayo. I-Pet dander kanye nezidakamizwa zasendlini yizifo ezithinta imvelo ezivame ukhathaza kakhulu i-eczema. Futhi izifo ezivamile zokudla zingalimaza i-eczema, futhi ikakhulukazi ezinganeni.
Ukunakekelwa kwekhanda okuhle kuqala ngokwanele kokunyusa amanzi kanye nokwehlisa amanzi, okuyehlisa ukwehla nokubunjwa kwe-eczema.
Ukushisa kwesikhumba kugcinwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke kwesikhumba sokunisela isikhumba. Ukugeza kungasiza uma kwenziwa ngendlela efanele-nsuku zonke ukugeza emanzini okufudumala okugeza okulandelwa ukusetshenziselwa okusheshayo ukhilimu omuncu kusukela enhlokweni kuya emlenzeni ngenkathi isikhumba sisesemanzi.
Imithi
Ake sibheke izindlela ezimbalwa zokwelashwa ezitholakalayo zokwelashwa kwe-eczema:
- Ama-antihistamine omlomo : Ukunambitheka kungase kube nokulawulwa okungenani kancane ngokusebenzisa ama-antihistamine asezingeni eliphansi phakathi nosuku noma ngama-antihistamine ahlala phansi, afana no- Benadryl (diphenhydramine) ebusuku. Kuphikisana ngokuthi ama-antihistamine ayasiza yini ekwelapheni i-eczema.
- I-steroids yama-topical : Le mithi iyindlela yokwelapha yokuqala ye-atopic dermatitis futhi iyatholakala kuma-lotions, ama-creams, ama-ointments, nama-foams noma izixazululo (for scalp). I-steroids ye-topical iyatholakala kuma-over-the-counter kanye namandla okugcizelela. Ngokuvamile, imithi yamafomu okugcoba anamandla kunamafomu ayisikhilimu anamandla kunamafomu e-lotion. Imiphumela emibi, njengokunciphisa isikhumba, ukulimaza, kanye nokwakheka kwezimpahla zegazi kungenziwa ngokusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside kwe-high-potency topical steroids.
- Ama-creams angenawo ama-steroid: Ama-inhibitors e-Topic calcineurin, njenge- Elidel (i-pimecrolimus) ne-Protopic (tacrolimus) , ayilona i-steroid, imishanguzo yezokwelapha ezivunyelwe ukwelashwa kwe-eczema kubantu abadala nabantwana abangaphezu kweminyaka emibili. Ayibangele ukuguqulwa kwezinguquko noma ukuguqulwa esikhumbeni, kungasetshenziswa ngokuphepha ebusweni, futhi kungasiza ukunciphisa inani le-steroid yezobuciko ezidingekayo uma lisetshenziselwa izimpawu ezincane. Kodwa-ke, i-FDA inikeze le mithi ibhokisi elimnyama ebhokisi ngokusekelwe kokukhathazeka kokuphepha.
- I-Systemic (oral or injected) steroids : Ngokuvamile, izifundo ezimfushane ze-systic (oral or injected) steroids zidinga ukufeza ukulawulwa okukhulu kwe-eczema. Ukuqapha okukhulu kufanele kusetshenziswe-kuyilapho i-eczema ihamba kangcono kwi-systemic steroids, "umphumela wokuvuvukala" ungenzeka ngokukhukhuma isikhumba ngokushesha ngemva kokuba ama-steroids amisiwe. Uma kudingeka i-steroid ngomlomo, umthamo kufanele uhanjiswe kancane ukuze unciphise le ngozi.
Umthombo:
ULeung DYM, Nicklas RA, Li JT, et al. Ukuphathwa Kwezifo ze-Atopic Dermatitis: I-Parameter Yokusebenza Yokubuyekeza. U-Ann Ukuzivocavoca Isifo Somoya Immunol; 93: S1-21.