I-Can-Plain Chest X-Rays ingakwazi ukuthola i-Cancer Cancer Early?
Abantu abaningi baye babuza umbuzo othi, "Ingabe i-x-ray yesifuba ingahlola umdlavuza wamaphaphu ?" Noma esikhundleni salokho, ungase uzibuze ngeminye imihlobo yalo mbuzo, "Uma une-x-ray evamile yesifuba kodwa usenaso ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo , ukuphefumula , noma ubuhlungu, ungabe usenomdlavuza wamaphaphu? "
Umbuzo mayelana nendima yama-x-rays esifubeni ekuxilongweni komdlavuza wamaphaphu empeleni uchungechunge lwemibuzo embalwa ebaluleke kakhulu ukuphendula.
Ake sibuke ukuthi yini ama-x-rays angasitshela ukuthi yini, abangakwazi ukusitshela (nokuthi bangabhekana kanjani nomdlavuza wamaphaphu) nokuthi yini okufanele uyazi uma ubuza enye yale mibuzo.
Ukubaluleka kokuqonda indima ye-X-rays ekuboneni umdlavuza we-Lung
Siyazi ukuthi izinga lokusinda komdlavuza wamaphaphu lungcono ngaphambili kokutholakala komuntu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, cishe isigamu sabantu sitholwa lapho umdlavuza wabo wephaphu usuvele ucatshangwa ngokuthi " umdlavuza wamaphaphu ophuthumayo" -abadlali abangasakwazi ukuphulukiswa ngokuhlinzwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu.
Uma ukhathazekile ukuthi ungase ube nezimpawu zomdlavuza wamaphaphu , noma uma unengozi ye-cancer yomaphaphu , qhubeka ufunda. Ukuqonda indlela umdlavuza wemaphaphu kutholakala ngayo, ukulinganiselwa kwezinye izivivinyo ezisetshenziselwa ukuxilongwa, futhi ukuba ummeli wakho kungasindisa impilo yakho.
Lokhu kuyiqiniso ukuthi ngabe uphelele iminyaka eminingi noma awuzange uthinte ugwayi. Ukubhema kuyimbangela ehamba phambili yomdlavuza wamaphaphu jikelele, kodwa umdlavuza wamaphaphu angalokothi obhemayo usengowesithupha imbangela ehamba phambili yokufa komdlavuza e-United States.
Eqinisweni, abangewona abokubhema baningi amathuba okuthola ukuthi lesi sifo siphumelele futhi sitholakale ngezigaba zesifo. Yini wonke umuntu okudingeka azi?
Ingabe i-X-Ray i-Chest iyakwanela ukuxilonga noma ingabandakanyi umdlavuza we-Lung?
Impendulo yombuzo mayelana nokuthi i-x-ray yesifuba isanele yini ukuxilonga noma ukungabandakanyi umdlavuza wamaphaphu kuyisimo esicacile sokuthi "cha." Noma kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi kungani i-x-ray yesifuba yedwa ayanele futhi izinyathelo okufanele zithathwe uma ukhathazekile.
Uma unempawu noma izingozi zomdlavuza wamaphaphu, i-x-ray yesifuba ayikwazi ukuqeda ukuthi kungenzeka unomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Lokhu kuzoxoxwa ngokuningiliziwe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kodwa kucatshangwa ukuthi isifuba se-x-ray esenziwe esimweni sokunakekelwa okuyinhloko sokubheka umdlavuza wamaphaphu angabi namaphesenti angaba ngu-25 wamanqamu amaphaphu. Ngeshwa, sizwa kubantu abaningi abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu ngokuvamile ababeqinisekisiwe ukuthi babengenayo umdlavuza wamaphaphu esekelwe kwimiphumela ye-x-ray kuphela yesifuba, futhi ngemva kwesikhathi-emva kokuba i-tumor yabo inikezwe isikhathi esengeziwe sokukhula ingahlosiwe- bawuthola yini ukuxilongwa kwabo.
Ngabe i-X-rays ye-Chest ijwayele kangakanani ukuthola ukuxilongwa kwe-Cancer?
Ama-x-rays esifuba esifubeni alahlekelwa ukuxilongwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu kaningi kakhulu. Kunezifundo ezimbalwa ezamangalisa zamuva ezibhekisisa ukuthi kwenzeka kanjani "ukuxilongwa okungahle kwenzeke" komdlavuza wamaphaphu, kodwa ucwaningo olwenziwe lukhungathekile.
Kulabo abanezimpawu zomdlavuza wamaphaphu, isifundo esikhulu se-2006 e-UK sathola ukuthi cishe amaphesenti angu-25 e-esifubeni ama-x-rays enza endaweni yokunakekelwa okuyinhloko yeziguli ezinomdlavuza wamaphaphu azibi uma zenziwa phakathi nonyaka wokuxilongwa. Ama-x-rays amabi esifubeni ayenzeka kubantu abanezimpawu ezivame kakhulu zomdlavuza wamaphaphu ngaphandle kwezingqungquthela.
Ukubheka lokhu ngendlela ehlukile, ukubuyekezwa kuka-2013 kwe-radiology ukungasebenzi kahle okubandakanya i-thorax (isigxobo sesifuba), kutholakale ukuthi okungenani amaphesenti angu-40 amacala ahlobene nokuxilongwa okungaqondakali komdlavuza wamaphaphu.
Uma umdlavuza wamaphaphu ungaphuthelwa kwi-x-ray yesifuba, lokhu kungase kubambezeleke ukwelashwa. Okubi nakakhulu, ucabangela ukuthi isilinganiso sokuphindaphinda kwesifo somdlavuza wamaphaphu siyizinsuku eziyi-125 (futhi singase sibe masinyane izinsuku eziyisikhombisa) ukubambezeleka kokuxilongwa kungasho umehluko phakathi kokuthola umdlavuza ezinkathini zokuqala lapho ukuhlinzwa kungenzeka futhi izigaba kamuva sehlulekile ukusebenza . Futhi akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi amakhondomu okuqala amaphaphu amaningi angaphiliswa, ukuthuthukiswa okukhulu kakhulu emalini okusinda emdlalweni wamaphaphu kule minyaka embalwa edlule kuphakathi kwalabo abanesifo sangasese (esiteshini sokuqala).
Uma unezimpawu zomdlavuza wamaphaphu, ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe, okuvame ukuqala nge-CT scan kuyadingeka ukuze kukhishwe ukuthi kungenzeka umdlavuza wamaphaphu.
Kungani ama-Radiologists Ngezinye izikhathi U-Miss Lung Cancer kwi-Chest X-Rays?
Uma wena noma othandekayo ube nomdlavuza wamaphaphu ephuthelwe esikhwameni se-x-ray cishe uyabuza, "Lokhu kungenzeka kanjani?" "Umuntu angaboni kanjani umdlavuza e-x-rafu yesifuba?" Futhi kungani ezinye zegciwane zibonwa emuva, zibuka emuva emidlalweni yama-x ubudala, kodwa zingatholakali ekuqaleni?
Kungasiza ukuchaza okuncane ngalokho ama-radiologists abona ku-x-ray yesifuba. Ama-x-rays abhekwayo abonakala njengemifanekiso emnyama nemhlophe; odokotela basuke bebheke ngokuqondile emathunzini asempunga nemithunzi. Izinto ezinokulingana okufanayo zingabonakala zifana. Isibonelo, igazi, i-pus (kusuka ekutheleleni), futhi amanzi angabonakala afana kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezakhiwo eziningi eziqhamuka esifubeni. Izicubu ezinamafutha ngemuva kwe-collarbone-i-clavicle, isibonelo-kungaba nzima ukubona ngeso lengqondo.
Ezinye izinqubo emaphashini zingadlulisela umdlavuza omnyama. I-pneumonia ingakwazi "ukufihla" amakhemikhali ephaphu futhi ayitholakali ngokungahambisani nomdlavuza wamaphaphu, njengoba ukuvinjelwa kwemikhumbi yomoya okuvela emzimbeni kungabangela ukuphefumula. Isifo sesifo sofuba (i-TB) siyinto engozini yomdlavuza wamaphaphu, kodwa akuyona into engavamile ukuba umdlavuza wamaphaphu uhlolwe ngephutha njenge-TB- ayibheki nje kuphela esifubeni x-ray kodwa ngokuvamile anezimpawu ezifanayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-x-rays esifubeni asinika ulwazi mayelana nesakhiwo, kodwa ungatshele ukuthi indawo "isebenza kanjani". Isibonelo esibonakala kaningi "ibala" elivela e-x-rafu esifubeni ngemuva kokuba umuntu abe nokwelapha imishanguzo yomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Kunzima ukutshela nge-x-ray (noma ngisho ne-CT) uma leyo ndawo isifo esisha esivele sibonakale, noma uma kuwukuphela kokuqeda okuhlobene nokuthola imishanguzo. Ngokujabulisayo ukwengezwa kokuhlola kwe- PET kuye kwanezela ukuqonda kule mibuzo. Ukuskena kwe-PET (okubandakanya ukutholakala kokushukela omsakazo ngokukhula kwamangqamuzana) kungasiza ama-radiologists ukubona "amabala" emaphashini akhula ngokukhulayo, okungafani namachashaza, afana nezicubu ezibomvu, azikhuli ngokukhula.
Ukuthola i-Cancer nge-X-ray yesihloko: Kungani Kunzima Kakhulu?
Umdwebo olula owake wanikezwa emaphephandabeni emaphepheni I- Radiology ingasiza ukuchaza ubunzima bokuthola amanye ama-cancer angaphazamisi esifubeni x-ray.
Uke wafunda incwadi ethi "Kuphi i-Waldo" noma ubheke "Thola Isithombe Sokufihla" emakhophi "Amaphuzu avelele"? Lezi zincwadi, kanye nabanye abakucela ukuba uthole izibalo ezifihlekile esithombeni, kungasetshenziswa ukusiza ukuchaza ukuthi kungani ukuthola umdlavuza e-x-ray esifubeni kungaba nzima kakhulu. Nakuba ama-radiologists abachwepheshe ekutholeni i-Waldo kumafilimu, ezinye izicubu zingalinganiswa nezinselele zithombe ezifihlekile kakhulu ezifihlekile.
Kungenzeka ukuthi uqaphele okunye uma usebenzise ezimbalwa zalezi puzzle. Uma usuthole isithombe esifihliwe, ungase uzibuze ukuthi kungani kwakunzima ukukuthola kuqala. Ngisho noma ngabe uchitha amahora amaningi usebenza kule puzzles, ungase uyibone ngokushesha, ukucishe kufinyelele kuwe, uma usuxazululé iphazili. Inqubo efanayo iyenzeka kaningi ngesifuba x-rays. Uma indawo "yokuvuthwa efihlekile" isenziwa, yisho nge-x-ray elandelwayo noma ezinye izivivinyo ezifana ne-CT scan, isisu esingazange sibonwe ekuqaleni singaba sobala ngokucacile.
Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izindlela, i-chest x-rays inzima kakhulu ukufunda kunayo iphazili yesithombe efihliwe kakhulu futhi inselele. Ngokungafani nalezi puzzle, isibindi x-ray asikho isihluthulelo ohlangothini ekutshela ukuthi into ekhona ngempela endaweni ethile esithombeni. Eqinisweni, uma ufunda i-x-rays, ikakhulukazi kulabo abangenayo izimpawu ezicacile noma izingozi zomdlavuza wamaphaphu, amathuba ukuthi into (isisu) ayitholakali futhi ngeke itholakale esithombeni (ku- amafilimu). Ngokuzenzekelayo, ayikho into efihliwe etholakala.
Umehluko wokugcina phakathi kwezinto "isithombe sikaWaldo" nesifo se-x-ray yiyona puzzles efihliwe kakhulu ephrintiwe ngombala kunokumnyama nokumhlophe nobumnyama obuhlaza.
Ngaphandle kokuthi le ngxoxo ikushiye uzizwe udangele kakhulu, khumbula ukuthi kungenzeka ukunciphisa ingozi yamaphutha. Kwesifundo esisodwa isizathu esivame kakhulu sokuxilongwa okungaqondakali komdlavuza wamaphaphu kwakuwukuhluleka kwe-radiologist ukuqhathanisa amafilimu amasha esifuba ama-x-ray kumafilimu angaphambili ayethathwe. Njengoba nje ukuba nomdwebo ohlangothini ohlangothini olufihliwe lapho umuntu ekhona khona kuphela kwenza kube lula ukuyithola kwenye, ukuba nefilimu endala okumele ibenze ukufanisa nayo ibeka ingozi yokulahlekelwa isisu.
Ukutholakala Okungalahleki: Ngabe I-X-Rays Iningi Ngokuvamile Ayikho I-Cancer Lung Cancer?
Kunezimo ezithile lapho umdlavuza ulahlekelwa khona kalula kwi-x-ray yesifuba futhi lokhu kuhlanganisa ukucabanga kwe-anatomic, izici ze-tumor, kanye nezici zobungozi
Ngokwemvelo, amakhemikhali ezingxenyeni ezithile zamapayipi kunzima kakhulu ukubona ngeso lengqondo futhi kungenzeka ukuthi angaphoswa kwi-x-ray yesifuba. Njengoba kuphawuliwe ekuqaleni, izakhiwo ezinamandla ezifana nethambo "zingakwazi ukufihla" amagciwane amancane. Eqinisweni, ocwaningweni olulodwa, amaphesenti angama-72 amaphesenti e-lungs angabanjwanga e-lobes angaphezulu futhi kulawa maphesenti angu-22 ayefihlwe ngamathambo (colvicles.) Amakhansela atholakale emaphethelweni emaphaphu (njengamaphaphu adenocarcinoma ) avame kakhulu kuphuthelwa kunalokho okwenzeka phakathi kwezindiza ezinkulu (njengomdlavuza omncane we-cell lung kanye ne- squamous cell carcinoma yamaphaphu .)
Kunezici ezimbalwa zegciwane lesifo samaphaphu okukhulisa futhi amathuba okulahlekelwa. Ukubaluleka kubaluleke kakhulu, futhi izicubu ezincane kunamamitha angu-1.5 amamitha angaphezu kwamakhansela amakhulu. Ama-Tumor ane "ukubonakala kweglasi engaphansi" -into evame ukutholakala ne-lung adenocarcinomas, futhi iphakamisa ingozi yokuthi ngeke ibonakale.
Okokugcina, izinto ezibeka engozini umuntu ukuba abe nomdlavuza wamaphaphu zingandisa amathuba okuba isisu singaphuthelwa. Amanye amaqembu abantu avame ukuhamba ngaphansi kwesikrini somdokotela we-radar uma kuziwa ukuthi kungenzeka umdlavuza wamaphaphu, futhi kulaba bantu, kungenzeka ukuthi ukuphazamiseka kuyodingeka. Ucwaningo oluthile luye lwathola ukuthi ukuxilongwa ngokuvamile kuvimbele umdlavuza wamaphaphu kwabesifazane ngokuphathelene namadoda, kubantu abangabhemi abahlobene nabantu ababhema, naphakathi kwabantu abasha abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu abahlobene nabantu abadala.
Ubukhulu bezicubu, ama-X-Rays e-Chest, i-CT Scans, ne-Computer
Ukuqonda ubukhulu bezinambuzane ezingatholakala ukuthi kuyasiza ekuqondeni imingcele yezilinganiso. Njengoba kuphawuliwe ngenhla, ama-x-rays esifubeni angase alahleke amaphasitiki amaphaphu angaphansi kuka-1.5 cm ububanzi. Ngokuphambene nalokho, isifo se-CT esithombeni sinembile kunamamitha ayi-1 (nakuba singakwazi ukulahlekelwa ezinye zegciwane.)
Abacwaningi baseNorway baphawule umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-x-rays nesifo se-CT ekutholeni amancane amaphavuza amaphaphu. Ngokubanzi bathola ukuthi izinkinga zokuthola lezi zansana ezincane zamagciwane zihamba ukusuka kumaphesenti angu-18 emapulazini angu-x kuya emaphesenti angu-82 nge-ultra-low dose CT scans.
Yenzani Ukungahleleki Kwe-X-Ray Chest?
Kubalulekile ukuthatha isikhashana bese uchaza amanye amagama adidekile ongawazwa uma ukhuluma mayelana nokuhlolwa kwamapayipi. Izincazelo, ngezixhumanisi ezihlokweni ezichaza lokhu ngokuningiliziwe, zifaka:
- I-nodule ye-Lung - I-nodule yamaphaphu ichazwa njengendawo engama-3 cm (1 ½ amasentimitha) noma ngaphansi ububanzi.
- Isisindo samangqamuzana - Amandla amaphaphu abhekisela endaweni engaphezu kuka-3 cm (1½ amasentimitha) ububanzi noma ngaphezulu.
- I-shadow emaphaphu - Isithunzi esikhwameni se-x-ray singasho noma yini kusuka esihlakalweni kuya ekugqeni okujwayelekile kwezakhiwo ezikhona esifubeni.
- I-neoplasm ye-Lung - Igama elithi neoplasm lihunyushwe ngokuthi "ukukhula okusha" futhi lingasetshenziselwa ukuchaza noma yiluphi uhlobo lokukhula kuhlanganise nalabo abanobuhle.
- Isilonda se-Lung - Izwi elithi lung lungesi lisho nje ukungajwayelekile. Kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukuchaza izicubu zombili zibuhlungu futhi zibi kepha zingasho lutho.
- I-Benign isifo esibi - Izicubu ezincane zingakhula kakhulu futhi zingabuyela emuva, kodwa zingasakazeki kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Izifo ezinonya (umdlavuza) yizo ezingakwazi ukunciphisa umzimba. (Funda kabanzi mayelana nokwahlukana phakathi kwezicubu ezinobuthi nezimbi .
I-X-Rays ye-Chest ingasetshenziswa yini ukukhipha isifo sengculaza?
Njengoba nje ama-x-rays esifubeni akwanele ukulawula umdlavuza wamaphaphu kulabo abanezimpawu, akuyona indlela ephumelelayo yokuhlola umdlavuza wamaphaphu. Njengoba odokotela abathile bebayala izibopho zama-x-rays kubantu ababhemayo, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi kungani lokhu kuyikho nokuthi yini okudingeka ukwazi ukuze ube ngummeli wakho siqu ekunakekeleni kwezokwelapha.
Ama-x-rays ngezinye izikhathi athola umdlavuza wamaphaphu kubantu abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu abangenayo izimpawu. Eqinisweni, uma ukhuluma nabasindile emdlavuza wamaphaphu, ukutholakala okuvamile ukuthi banesifo se-x-ray esenzelwe isizathu esithile esingavumelani futhi umdlavuza watholakala. Konke kuhle uma kunjalo, kodwa awukwazi ukuxhomeka ku-x-ray yesifuba ukuthola umdlavuza.
Esikhathini esedlule, odokotela ngezinye izikhathi babeyala ukuba kuhlolwe ukuxilongwa kwe-x-rays kubantu ababesengozini yomdlavuza wamaphaphu (futhi lokhu kusenziwa kwezinye izindawo namuhla.) Ucwaningo olunzulu lwaba ngu-150 000 abantu okwenziwa ngo-2011 lapho labo abasengozini yomdlavuza wamaphaphu wathola ama-x-rays ngonyaka ngonyaka iminyaka emine, wathola ukuthi isikhwama sokuhlola isi-x-rays asizange sinciphise izinga lokufa emdlalweni wamaphaphu. Ngokuqinisekile, ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza zitholakale, kodwa ngesikhathi lezi zifo zomdlavuza zibonwa esikhwameni se-x-ray zazikhulu ngokwanele kangangokuba isikhathi sokuphila sasifana nokuthi ngabe ngabe ngabe laba bantu balinde baze babe nezimpawu zomdlavuza wamaphaphu.
Lesi akusona isizathu sokuphelelwa ithemba. Ngokungafani ne-x-rays esifubeni, ukuhlolwa kwesimo se-CT esincane kunganciphisa ingozi yokufa emdlalweni wamaphaphu (bheka ngezansi).
Ngingabhekwa Kanjani I-Cancer Lung?
Ukuhlolwa kwesifo somdlavuza we-Lung manje kuyatholakala kulabo abahlangabezana nemigomo ethile. Qaphela ukuthi ukubukwa kusho ukutholakala komdlavuza kumuntu ongenayo izimpawu. Uma unezimpawu, kuzodingeka izifundo ezengeziwe. Futhi, khumbula ukuthi wonke umuntu uhlukile. Abanye abantu abangahlangabezane nalezi zinqubo bangase bafise ukuhlolwa futhi abanye abantu abahlangabezana nalezi zinqubo bangase bangafisi ukuhlolwa. Ukusetshenziswa ngokuvumelana nalezi ziqondiso kubonakala sengathi ukuhlolwa kunganciphisa ukufa (isilinganiso sokufa) emdlalweni wamaphaphu ngamaphesenti angu-20 e-United States.
Ukuhlolwa kwamanje komdlavuza wamaphaphu CT ukuhlanganisa:
- Ukuphakathi kweminyaka engu-55 no-80
- Ukubhema okungenani iminyaka engu-30 yepakethe
- Labo abaqhubeka bebhema noma beyeka ukubhema eminyakeni engu-15 edlule
- Labo abazokwazi ukuthola ukwelashwa uma umdlavuza utholakele
Yini Ongayenza Ukuze Ugweme Ukungaqondakali Ngokungaqondakali noma Ukutholakala Ngokungaqondakali Kwegciwane Lungculazi?
Kungaba ukwesaba ukuzwa ngesifo se-lung cancer yamaphaphu esifubeni, kodwa lokhu akusho ukuthi udinga ukuphelelwa ithemba. Njengoba kuphawuliwe ngenhla, ukuhlolwa kwe-CT kunganciphisa ingozi yokufa komdlavuza wamaphaphu phakathi kwalabo abanezimo eziyingozi. Kodwa ngisho nalabo abangenazo lezi zinto eziyingozi, kunezinto eziningana ongazenza:
- Uma une-x-ray yesifuba, qinisekisa ukuthi udokotela wakho uyazi-futhi ukhona ukuthola ukuqhathanisa-noma yikuphi ama-x-rays omdala owawunayo. Njengoba kuphawuliwe ngenhla, ukunganaki ukuqhathanisa isifuba esisha somsakazo kuya kumdala kuyimbangela eyodwa yezinkinga zokuxilonga ezingabanjwanga.
- Qinisekisa ukuthi zonke izibonakaliso zakho kanye nezici zobungozi zihlelwe kwifomu lokuhlelwa ukuthi i-radiologist izobona. Lezi zincwadi zihlinzekela i-radiologist izinhloko ukuthi "isibalo esifihliwe" ku "thola isithombe" cishe sikhona.
- Musa "ukuyeka" uma uqhubeka nokuba nezimpawu zomdlavuza wamaphaphu njengokuphefumula noma ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi utholakala kanjani, izimpawu zakho kufanele zichazwe. Ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kuzodingeka. Khumbula ukuthi ngisho nokuhlolwa kwe-CT kungaphuthelwa ngamagciwane e-lunge amaphaphu, futhi kungadingeka ukuhlolwa ngaphandle kwe-CT scan. Uma ungakatholi izimpendulo, cabanga ukuthola umbono wesibili. Ngezinye izikhathi izingqondo ezimbili (noma ngaphezulu) zingcono kuneyodwa.
- Bheka ukuthi kukhona yini ongayenza ukuze unciphise amathuba okuba nomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Hlola lamacebiso aphezulu ayishumi okuvimbela umdlavuza wamaphaphu .
Ngaphansi
I-x-rays ye-chest ingaba usizo ekutholeni umdlavuza wamaphaphu kepha ayikwazi ukukhipha ukutholakala komdlavuza. Ngokuphambene, i-x-ray evamile yesifuba ingabonisa ukuqinisekiswa okungamanga ukuthi konke kulungile. I-x-rays ye-chest ingase ilahle amancaysi amancane okuphulukiswa futhi angaphilika. Uma unezimpawu ezingalindelekile noma izici ezingozini zomdlavuza wamaphaphu, qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela wakho.
Imithombo:
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