Izimbangela ze-COPD Ezingavinjelwa
Uyazi ukuthi kunezimbangela ezine ezivamile zeCOPD ezivimbela ngokuphelele? Isifo se-Chronic obstructive pulmonary, noma i-COPD, sibhekisela ekuhlaleni okubanzi kweziphazamiso ezibandakanya i-bronchitis engapheli, i-emphysema ne-bronchiectasis. Isimo esingenakuguqulwa, izimpawu eziphawulekayo zeCOPD zihlanganisa ukuphefumula kanzima nganoma yiluphi uhlobo lokuzikhandla nokunciphisa ukugeleza komoya ukuphuma noma ukuphuma emaphashini.
I-COPD ayikhohlisi; ithola inkambo ephuthumayo, eqhubekela phambili evame ukuba yinkinga ngesikhathi seminyaka ephakathi komdala futhi ikhuphuka ngokweqile ngeminyaka. Uma sekubhekwa njengesifo "somuntu", kusukela ngo-2000, abesifazane abaningi baye bafa kusukela ku-COPD unyaka ngamunye kunamadoda.
Nakuba kunesifo esithile esiqondile esiyisifo, iCOPD ikholelwa ukuthi ibangelwa ukubhema ugwayi. Ezinye izinto ezibangelwa ingozi ezithinta ukuthuthukiswa kwayo zibandakanya umusi wesibhamu, ukungcoliswa komoya, nokutholakala komsebenzi.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ngenkathi singeke sishintshe umlando wethu womndeni, sinomthwalo wokulawula imvelo yethu. Kukhona ngezansi izimbangela ezine ze-COPD ezingavinjelwa ngokusebenzisa izinguquko zendlela yokuphila okuyogcina ekunciphiseni amathuba okuthuthukisa lesi sifo.
Ukubhema Ukubhema
Into ephawulekayo engozini yokuthuthukisa i-COPD ingukubhema ugwayi. I-American Lung Association ilinganisela ukuthi 80% kuya ku-90% kulabo abatholakala ukuthi bangabhemi besikhathi eside.
Isibalo somuntu obhemayo kanye nokuthi baye basikhathi eside kangakanani ukubhema kungandisa amathuba okuthuthukisa lesi sifo futhi kuqinise ukuqina kwalo. Izingozi zengozi azihlali nje kuphela kulabo ababhema ugwayi ovamile, kodwa kanye nokubhema nogwayi kanye nokubhema.
Ukuze unciphise amathuba okutholakala ne-COPD, kufanele uyeke ukubhema ngokuphelele.
Izinhlelo eziningi zitholakala namuhla ezingasiza abantu ngokubhema ukuyeka, kanye nokuyeka ukubhema okungasiza ekunqandeni izifiso. Bheka udokotela wakho ukuze uthole olunye ulwazi.
Umsizi wesibili
Ukubhema kwentuthuko kusengcupheni enkulu ekuthuthukiseni izifo eziningi, kuhlanganise neCOPD. Ngokusho kwe-American Lung Association, ukubhema komswakama kubangela ukuthi abantu abangaba ngu-50 000 bafa ngonyaka ngamunye, ikakhulukazi umdlavuza wamaphaphu nesifo senhliziyo. I-Surgeon General iphetha ngokuthi ayikho amazinga angabungozi bokutholakala kwamanye amazwe.
Uma ubhema, kubalulekile ukuthi uqaphele ingozi ehlobene nomusi wesibhamu. Kulimaza ngokukhethekile izingane. Into engcono kakhulu ongayenza kumuntu omthandayo kungukukhanya phambi kwabo. Ngokuthatha umthwalo wokuziphatha kwakho, ungasiza ukugcina impilo.
Ukungcoliswa komoya
Ucwaningo luqhubeka lubonisa ukuxhumana okusobala phakathi kwekhwalithi yomoya empofu ne-COPD. Eqinisweni, ngenxa yekhwalithi yomoya empofu, iningi lethu, isenzakalo sansuku zonke, akukaze kubaluleke nakakhulu ukuqaphela imvelo yethu nokuthi sidlala kanjani indima ekungcoleni komoya.
I-American Lung Association iye yasetshenziselwa ucwaningo lwamuva ngomzamo wokuqinisekisa ukuthi imithetho ikhona ukuvikela impilo yomphakathi izakhamuzi lonke.
Nakuba lokhu kuqashelwa kuye kwaholela ekwenzeni ngcono kwenqubomgomo yomphakathi phakathi neminyaka engamashumi amahlanu edlule, ukwanda kwenani lemoto eminyakeni yamuva kuye kwaholela ekukhungeni kwemvelo emisha emoyeni, njenge-ozone ne-fine-particulate air ukungcola. Izifundo eziningi ze-epidemiological manje zibonisa ukuxhumana phakathi kwalezi zingcoliso zomoya ezintsha kanye nokukhushulwa kwezifo ezindiza emoyeni njengeCOPD. Ngalokhu engqondweni, ukuhlolwa okubangelwa ingozi kulabo abatholwa yisifo sezindiza kubalulekile kubasebenzi bezempilo kanye nabangqongqoshe bezemvelo ngokufanayo. Ukwengeza, ukuhamba okuluhlaza kuyinketho kulabo abafuna ukufaka imvelo enempilo.
Ukuvezwa Kwezemisebenzi
Ngokusho kwe-CHEST, (2002) "ukushiswa kwendawo yokusebenza emotshini wamalahle omlilo, ukotini lwekotini, uthuli we-silika kanye nosongo okusanhlamvu kuyaziwa izimbangela zeCOPD yomsebenzi". Ukwengeza, babika ukuthi, "ukuvezwa kwe-isocyanates, i-latex ye-raber yemvelo, i-dander yezilwane, i-platinum usawoti kanye namanye ama-agent agciniwe asebenziwe ukuqala noma ukukhulisa i-asthma". Njengoba izindleko zezomnotho zokuzibandakanya emsebenzini ziqhutshwa ngezigidigidi, kugcizelelwa kakhulu okumele kufakwe ekufakekeleni izindawo zokusebenzela eziphephile zabasebenzi. Imithetho eqinile iyinhloko yamabhizinisi okusinda.
Ukuphepha emsebenzini kuqala nomqashi. Abasebenzi abasebenza ezindaweni ezinobungozi kufanele banikezwe izinto zokuzivikela ezifana namaski, amaglavu, ama-aprons noma ukumboza umzimba. Amabhizinisi ahluleka ukunikeza gear yokuvikelwa kufanele abikwe. Yonke imithwalo yemisebenzi yokuba ngummeli wayo wezempilo nokuphepha.
Okubalulekile
I-American Lung Association ibika ukuthi ngo-2011, abantu abayizigidi ezingu-12.7 baseMelika babelelwa ukuthi baneCOPD. Kuze kube manje, sekudlule ukushaywa komzimba ukuze kube yisisusa esilandelayo sokufa kuleli zwe. Izibalo ezifana nalezi zenza kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona izingozi ezihlobene ne-COPD futhi zifune ukwelashwa okusheshayo uma kuvela izimpawu. Ngenxa yokuthi abantu abaningi abatholakali kuze kube yilapho sebephelile eminyakeni engama-50, ukwehla kwempilo kungenzeka ngokushesha ngalesi sikhathi. Ukuqaphela izinto eziyingozi futhi ukukhuthaza izinguquko zokuphila kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokugcina impilo enhle futhi ivimbele lesi sifo esibulalayo, esasongela ukuphila.
Imithombo:
I-American Lung Association. I-COPD Fact Sheet Sheet. Kubuyekezwe ngo-2013.
I-American Lung Association. I-Secondhand Smoke Fact Sheet Sheet. Kubuyekezwe ngo-2013.
ULeigh, Paul J., Ph.D., Romano, Patrick S. MD, MPH, Schenker, Marc B, MD, MPH noKreiss, Kathleen, MD. "Izindleko ze-COPD Occupational kanye ne-Asthma". CHEST 2002 121: 264-272.
USmeltzer, uSuzanne C. & Bare, uBrenda, G. (1996). I-Brunnuer ne-Suddarth's Testbook ye-Medical-Surgical Nursing (i-8th Edition). Pennsylvania, PA: Lipponcott-Raven Abashicileli.