Ngokuqinisekile, igciwane leZika lizwakala liyingqayizivele. Futhi igciwane lesandulela ngculazi liyinto engavamile: I-virus eyayiqala ukubonakala e-Afrika ngawo-1940 futhi isakazeka emhlabeni wonke ngo- Aedes aegypti , uhlobo olumile lwemiyane olusuka e-Afrika. (I-virus ye-Zika ibuye isakazwe kancane nge- Aedes albopictus noma i-Asian tiger umqubu futhi mhlawumbe nezinye izinhlobo ze-Aedes.) Nokho, ngezinye izindlela, igciwane leZika lifana kakhulu nesifo esithile esineqhwa esiyazi kahle: ama- mumps igciwane .
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Bobabili Kungenzeka I-TeratogensOkokuqala, kunobunye ubufakazi obunzima bokuthi ama-mumps kanye nama-virus we-Zika yi- teratogens . I-teratogen i-agent engokwemvelo noma isici esibangela ukuhlukunyezwa noma ukufa kumntwana ongakazalwa noma ingane. Amanye ama-teratogens afaka igciwane le-varicella (elibangela ukukhukhuka kwe-chickenpox kanye ne-herpes zoster), ukuhogela kwensimbi enamandla, nokushisa imisebe.
Amagundane yi-teratogen ekholelwa ukuthi ibangela ukufa komntwana. Kukhona nobufakazi obuxubekile obuxhumanisa igciwane le-mumps kanye ne-endocardial fibroelastosis, isifo senhliziyo esisencane ezinganeni ezingabangela ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo.
I-virus ye-Zika yathola ucingo oluningi ngoba izingane ezingaba ngu-4000 eBrazil, lapho umvini wemiyane u- Aedes aegypti egcwele khona, ziye zazalwa nge- microcephaly . I-Microcephaly ibhekisela lapho ingane izalwa enekhanda elincanyana, noma isisindo sekhanda ngamaphesenti angama-20 amancane kunokujwayelekile. Ngokuya ngobunzima, i-microcephaly ingasho ukulimala okungapheli nokwenyuka komqondo noma ukufa kwangaphambili. Uhulumeni waseBrazil uthole igciwane leZika ebuchosheni bezinye izingane ezizalwa nge-microcephaly.
Ukubeka lokhu okutholayo ngokubheka, inani lamacala we-microcephaly eBrazil liye landa ngamashumi amathathu ngonyaka ka-2016. Lokhu kusakazeka kwamakhova e-Zika kucatshangwa ukuthi kuhlobene neNdebe Yomhlaba ka-2014, lapho abantu beya eBrazil evela emhlabeni wonke .
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Zombili Ziyi-Virus RNAAkumangalisi lapha ... Kokubili igciwane leZika kanye ne-virus mumps kukhona amagciwane. Noma kunjalo, ngisho nasekubunjweni kwawo, la ma-virus ahlanganyela ngokufanayo.
Ngokuqondile, igciwane lesimungulu, noma i-paramyxovirus, ezemidlalo ezingenayo, okungezansi-strand bit ye-RNA. Ngokufanayo, i-Zika virus iyinhlangano ye-flavivirus equkethe i-strand eyodwa ye-RNA.
Lezi amagciwane zibonakala zisakazeka ngokuhlukile. Amagundane asetshenziswa emoyeni ngokusebenzisa amaconsi okuphefumula kanye nokushintshaniswa kwamathambo nokuvezwa kwamafomites (izinto ezingenamzimba ezifana nokulala noma izitsha).
Nakuba igciwane lesandulela ngculaza lingasakazwa ngukuya ocansini noma ukumpontshelwa igazi, izindlela eziyinhloko ukuthi leli gciwane liyasakazwa ngukuthi ukulunywa kumangqamu noma ukudluliselwa kusuka kumama kuze kube yintsana engakazalwa.
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Zitholakala Ezimpawu Ezifanayo ZomtholampiloKokubili ukutheleleka ngegciwane leZika kanye negciwane le-mumps akubonakali kubantu abaningi abanegciwane. Ngokuqondile, igciwane leZika lidala izimpawu kubantu abayisishiyagalolunye kuphela abahlanu abanesifo. Igciwane lesimungulu liveza izimpawu ezibonakalayo emitholampilo cishe engxenyeni yabantu ukuthi iyathinta.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, nakuba ama-mumps igciwane angathola amahle kakhulu futhi ashaye ama-testicles phakathi kwezinye izitho ezibucayi, kubantu abaningi, lezi zibili zombili amagciwane zivame ukudala izidakamizwa ezinamandla, noma izimpawu zomtholampilo ezilinganiselwe.
Nazi ezinye zezibonakaliso ezijwayelekile zezimbungulu:
- umkhuhlane
- malaise
- ukukhathala
- i-anorexia
- ukuvuvukala kwezigulane ze-parotid (parotitis) kanye nezigulane ezisezingeni eliphansi
Nazi ezinye izimpawu ezivamile ezibangelwa igciwane leZika:
- umkhuhlane
- ikhanda
- Umphimbo obuhlungu
- i-lymphadenopathy
- izinhlungu zomzimba
- izinhlungu ezihlangene
- ukushayeka
- i-conjunctivitis (i-pinkeye)
Okuphawulayo, kokubili ama-mumps noZika abadingi izimpawu zokuphefumula.
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Ukuqhathanisa UkwelaphaKukhona ukwelashwa okuqondile okungezona igciwane leZika noma igciwane lesisu. Esikhundleni salokho, kokubili ukutheleleka kuphathwa ngokuphawulekayo, okusho ukuthi sinezinketho zokwelapha kuphela izimpawu lezi zifo ezithathelwanayo ezibangela.
Amagundane ngokuvamile aphathwa ngokuphumula, ukucindezeleka okubandayo noma okufudumele nemithi yokuphumula ebuhlungu njenge-acetaminophen kanye nokuphathwa kokudla okulula nokumanzi. Bhalisa ukuthuthukiswa ngezikhathi ezithile ze-sequelae yesikhathi eside, noma imiphumela, imiphumela yezintambo zokutheleleka ezicacile eyedwa ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa.
Izinhlungu nezinhlungu zegciwane leZika nazo ziphathwa ngamanzi okuphuza, ukuphumula kombhede, kanye nemithi ye-analgesic njenge-acetaminophen (iTylenol). Ngokuphawula, abantu abanegciwane lesandulela ngculaza kufanele bagweme ukuthatha ama-NSAID njenge-aspirin ne-ibuprofen ngoba le mithi ingandisa ukwanda kwegazi.
Njengama-mumps, izimpawu ze-Zika virus zivame ukuhamba zodwa-kuthatha izinsuku ezimbalwa ukuya emavikini ukwenza kanjalo. Okokugcina, abanye abantu abathintekile nge-Zika virus baqhubeka nokuthuthukisa i- Guillain-Barre syndrome , isimo sezinzwa ezikhonjiswe ukukhuphuka okwenyuka okwenza kube nzima ukuhamba nokuhamba.
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UkuvimbelaKanye neminye imithi yokugoma, zonke izingane eziphuma lapho kufanele zigonywe i-MMR ( isishubhu , imifino kanye nerubella). Ngokwengxenye enkulu, ukugoma kuvuselele usongo lwezinsipho. Yeka, isongo esikhulu sokuvimbela amantombazane yinhlangano ye-antivaccination.
Kodwa-ke, nakuba sinomgomo omusha we-dengue-isifo esifana negciwane leZIka-asikho umgomo wegciwane leZika. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungase kube yisikhathi ngaphambi kokuba sibone umgomo wegciwane leZika elidalwa. Ukwakhiwa komgogodla kuthatha imali eningi, umzamo omkhulu kanye nesikhathi esiningi. Zonke lezi zici zihlangene ukuze kwenziwe umgomo wokugoma i-Zika virus empini yokukhuphuka.
Noma kunjalo, kunesizathu sokuba nesandulela ngculaza ngoba umthelela wesintu wegciwane lesandulela ngculazi kufanele ukhawuleze emizamweni yomhlaba jikelele. Umbono wezinamba eziningi zezingane ezizalwa nge-microcephaly kulo lonke elaseSouth naseCentral America ziyakhathaza.
Okwamanje, indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela ukutholakala kwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza kuhilela ukuguqulwa kwezinambuzane kanye (nabaseNtshonalanga) ukugwema ukuhamba ngamama abalindele emazweni lapho umiyane osakaza igciwane leZika khona. (Ngeshwa, eBrazil izindleko zebhodlela elincane lokugaya izinambuzane liyi-$ 8, okwenza intengo enkulu kakhulu isakhamuzi esenza isilinganiso esingangamaRandi 160 ngenyanga. Ngokusobala, uhulumeni waseBrazil uthembise ukuhlinzeka ngokukhululeka kwamahhala kubantu abahola imali encane. Uhulumeni waseBrazil uye wahambisa abasebenzi abangu-200 000 ukuze baqede umlingo we-Aedes.)
Ngombhalo wokugcina, igciwane leZika lihlanganyela ngokufana namagciwane ngaphandle kwamaphutha. Ngokwesibonelo, kokubili i-Zika virus kanye ne-CMV zombili zidala ukukhubazeka ezinganeni kanye nezimpawu zomzimba ezincane kubantu abadala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-malaria yi-virus ephathekayo emangqamuzana ebangela imiphumela empofu yokukhulelwa. Kodwa-ke, ngangihamba ngezimvila ngoba kukhona ukugoma kwamagundane, futhi ngibheke phambili, kungaba kuhle uma sinegciwane lesandulela ngculazi.
Imithombo:
"Izimbangela zeTatatogenic of Malformation" ka-E. Gilbert-Barness ku-Annals of Laborratory & Clinical Sciences ngo-2010.
URubin SA, uCarbone KM. Ama-Mumps. Ku: Kasper D, Fauci A, Hauser S, Longo D, Jameson J, Loscalzo J. eds. I-Harrison's Principals of Internal Medicine, 19e . ENew York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2015.