Ukunciphisa umzimba ku-Peanut Oil, i-Oil Soybean, i-Sunflower Oil, i-Sesame Oil
Ukwelashwa kokudla okuye kwavame ukuvameka eminyakeni embalwa edlule, futhi manje kuthinta abantu abangaba ngu-4% nabantwana abangu-8%. Imishanguzo yokudla evame kakhulu ihlanganisa ubisi lwezinkomo, iqanda le hen, i-peanut, i-soybean, ukolweni, izinhlanzi zasolwandle nezihlahla zomuthi. Njengoba ukusabela kwemizwa yokudla kungaba yingozi futhi ngisho nokusongela impilo, ukugwema ngokuqinile ukudla okusobala kubaluleke kakhulu.
Sibutsetelo
Ngeshwa, izifo ezifihliwe zokudla ezicutshungulwayo nezilungiselelwe zivamile, okuholela ekusebenzeni kokungenwa kokudla okungalindelekile. Izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zamafutha zemifino zisetshenziselwa ukulungiswa kokudla okuningi okucutshungulwa nokulungiswa, futhi kube nemibiko ehlukahlukene eminyakeni eminingi edlule yokuphendula okwenziwe kulawo mafutha. Ngenkathi amafutha emifino angase amele amafutha e-peanut, amafutha e-soybean, amafutha we-sunflower, amafutha ommbila noma amafutha esundu, ezimweni eziningi ukudla okulungiselelwe kungabhala lesi sithako nje ngokuthi "amafutha emifino."
Ngokuvamile, amafutha yemifino ahlanjululwa kakhulu, okusho ukuthi asetshenzwa ngendlela yokuthi asuse iningi lamaprotheni akhona kwifomu engafani (eluhlaza). Yiprotheni ekudleni okusebenza njenge-allergen, futhi ibangele ukubangela ukusabela kokugula ngenxa yokudla ukudla. Ukuhlanzwa kwamafutha emifino kunciphisa inani lamaprotheni cishe cishe ama-100, okuyinto eyanciphisa kakhulu amathuba amafutha yemifino okubangela ukusabela kokugula.
Ngeshwa, amafutha omuthi ahlanzekile futhi ahlanzekile aqukethe amaprotheni emifino, okungabangela ukubhekana nomzimba kubantu abanobuhlungu kakhulu abanezinkinga zokudla.
Amafutha e-Peanut
Ukunciphisa i-Peanut sekuye kwanda kakhulu eminyakeni embalwa edlule, futhi manje kuthinta u-1-2% wabantu abahlala emazweni aseNtshonalanga.
Ukugwema i-peanut kunzima kakhulu, futhi ngokuvamile kuyisithako esifihliwe ekudleni okuningi okulungiselelwe. Amafutha e-peanut ajwayele ukusetshenziselwa ekuphekeni nasekusetshenzisweni kokudla, futhi atholakala kokubili okungcolile (okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi "gourmet", "ukucindezelwa okubandayo" noma "okuhlaza") futhi kuhlanjululwe (okubizwa nangokuthi "ukushisa okusetshenziselwe"). Inqubo yokuhlanza amafutha we-peanut isusa ngokuphelele ukutholakala kwamaprotheni; nakuba ngisho namafutha angcolile anamafutha omuncu anesisindo esincane kakhulu - ama-micrograms nge-milliliter - amaprotheni we-peanut. Iningi labantu abanomdlavuza we-peanut abakutholi ukubhekana ne-allergic kuze kube yilapho bedle ama-milligram angu-50 kuya kwangu-100 weprotheni yamaprotheni - okusho ukuthi umuntu onomdlavuza we-peanut angase adingeke adle amalitha amafutha angcolile angaphilile ukuze enze ukuphikisa. Eqinisweni, isifundo esanyatheliswa ngo-1997 sathola ukuthi iziguli ezingaphezu kuka-10% ze-peanut ezigulayo zathola izifo (konke okwakunzima kakhulu) ngemuva kokudla amafutha ahlukahlukene angcolile. Azikho iziguli ezingu-62 ezazifundiswa zaphendula ngamafutha e-peanut ahlanzekile.
Olunye ucwaningo olunyatheliswa ngonyaka ka-2008 lwafuna ukuthola ukuthi izifo zamanqamuzana ezithathelisayo ziba nophethani yini emasampheni egazi kubantu abaphethwe yi-peanut ukungezwani komzimba bangase baphendule kumaprotheni e-peanut athola amafutha e-peanut ekuvivinyeni okubizwa ngokuthi i-immunoblot.
Ukusabela kwenzeka, kepha kuphela kuma-sampuli wegazi anamazinga aphezulu kakhulu okuphikisana nomuntu ophikisayo we-peanut. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi lolu cwaningo lubheka ukuhlolwa kwegazi, kunokuba kuhlolwe ukuhlola ukuthi umuntu onomdlavuza we-peanut angasabela kanjani ngemuva kokudla amafutha e-peanut.
Amafutha we-soya
Ukwaziswa okuncane kuyatholakala mayelana namafutha we-soya nokuphendula okwehliswayo, nakuba kunezinombolo zamacala ezithathelwanayo ezibikwe ezincwadini zezokwelapha ekudleni, kanye nemithi, elineoli yama-soya. Kungenzeka ukuthi, okufana ne-peanut, i-oil soybean engcolile iqukethe amaprotheni amaningi kunamafutha we-soya ahlanzekile.
Nakuba inyosi ibhekwa njengokudla okuvamile, kuyinkinga enkulu ezinganeni ezincane, futhi abantu abadala bavame ukungena emanzini. Eqinisweni, phakathi neminyaka engama-10 engikwazi ukubhekana nemithi yokuzibulala, ngikholelwa ukuthi ngiyakhumbula kuphela lapho ngibona umuntu oyedwa noma ababili abadala abane- soy allerergy ebalulekile. Lokhu kungenzeka ukuthi kungani singaboni imibiko eminye yokudla kokungezwani komzimba kumafutha we-soya.
I-Sunflow Seed Oil
Ukulimala kwembewu ye-sunflower akuyona into evamile kakhulu, nakuba ngiye ngabona iziguli ezimbalwa emisebenzini yami maduzane nale nhlobo yokudla okubangelwa ukudla. Kukhona imibiko embalwa ezincwadini zezokwelapha zabantu ababhekana nokuthinta okwenziwe i-allergic kuya emafutheni we-sunflower, nakuba isifundo esanyatheliswa ngo-1986 asizange sithole ukusabela kwamanye amafutha we-sunflower ahlanzekile noma ahlanzekile ezigulini ezimbili ezine-anaphylaxis eyaziwa ngemva kokudla imbewu ye-sunflower.
I-Sesame Seed Oil
I-Sesame iyaba ukudla okuvame kakhulu kokungezwani komzimba eminyakeni yamuva, futhi njengokwenyuka kokudla kwe-peanut, ukusabela okukhulu kwe-allergen kuyinto evame kakhulu ngenxa yesamega yokungezwani. Amafutha we-Sesame imbewu ahlukile kunamanye amafutha amaningi emifino ngoba asetshenziswa njenge-flavoring yokudla. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, i-sesame imbewu yamafutha ngokuvamile ayinamahloni, ngakho-ke iqukethe amaprotheni ama-sese abalulekile. Ukuphendula okwenziwe i-allergen kuya kumafutha we-sesame imbewu kuye kwabikwa ezincwadini zezokwelapha, ngakho-ke umuntu onesisindo somuthi we-sesame kufanele agweme ngokucophelela amafutha we-sesame imbewu.
Amanye amafutha omvino
Kunamanye amafutha amaningi emifino asetshenziselwa ukupheka nokudla okulungiselelwe. Lezi zihlanganisa amafutha ommbila, amafutha ashisayo, amafutha e-canola, amafutha omnqumo, amafutha esundu, kanye namafutha kakhukhunathi. Ngaphandle kombiko owodwa we-kakhukhunathi wamafutha omzimba okutholakala emthonjeni wezingane owashicilelwa ngo-1994, ayikho imibiko yokudla kokungenwa kwemvelo kulezi zitshalo zemifino eshicilelwe ezincwadini zezokwelapha. Kungenzeka ukuthi la mafutha ahlanjululwa futhi ngakho-ke aqukethe kancane, uma ikhona, amaprotheni angabangela ukusabela okweqile.
Ngakho-ke, uma umuntu ehlushwa ukudla okuthile okutholakala kuwo amafutha yemifino (njenge-peanut, i-soya noma i-sunflower), amafutha angcolile kufanele agwenywe. Njengoba kunikezwe ukuthi amafutha ahlanzekile aqukethe amaprotheni amancane noma angenayo, kufanele aphephe lolu hlobo lwamafutha okufanele aludliwe. Uma kwenzeka amafutha we-sesame, noma amanye amafutha yemifino asetshenziselwa ukunambitheka ukudla, umuntu onesifo semifino ye-sesame kufanele agweme ukudla amafutha esesame.
Funda kabanzi mayelana nokungezwani komzimba ezingxenyeni zokudla kanye nama-preservatives .
Imithombo:
Ramazzotti M, et al. Uphenyo oluhlolisayo ngeProtheni Okuqukethwe Emanzini Ahlanjululwa Ngayo Imbewu: Impikiswano Ekudleni Kwemithi Yokudla. Ukudla kanye Nezokwelapha Kwezolimo. 2008; 46: 3383-8.
I-Crevel RWR, et al. I-Allergencity yamafutha ahlwanyelwe ama-Vegetable. Ukudla kanye Nezokwelapha Kwezolimo. 2000; 38: 385-93.
I-Hourihane JOB, et al. I-Randomized, Blind Double, i-Crossover Inselele Ukufundwa Kwe-Allerggenicity Ye-Peanut Amafutha Ezihlokweni Ukuxulela kuya kumanothi. BMJ. 1997; 314: 1084.
Kanny G, et al. I-Sesame Imbewu ne-Sesame Seed Oil Iqukethe Ama-Allergens Okubaluleka Okukhulayo. Ukungezwani komzimba. 1996; 51: 952-7.
Halsey AB, et al. I-Sunflower Oil ayiyona i-Allerggenic kuya kweziguli ezizwela imbewu ye-Sunflower. J Allergy Clin Immunol.1986 Sep; 78 (3 Pt 1): 408-10.