Cishe amaphesenti ayisishiyagalombili ezingane kanye namaphesenti angu-2 abantu abadala bahlushwa yizifo zokudla kwangempela. Lapho kudliwa ukudla, iningi lokuphendula kwe-allergen lizokwenzeka phakathi namaminithi.
Izimpawu zesikhumba (ukucheka, i- urticaria, i-angioedema ) yizona ezivame kakhulu futhi zenzeka ngesikhathi sokudla okuningi. Ezinye izimpawu zingabandakanya:
Ukusikhipha: ukukhalaza, impumu egijimayo, impumulo enomlomo namahlo
Izinsikazi: isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, ukuchoboza, isifo sohudo
Ukuphefumula: ukuphefumula, ukushaya, ukukhwehlela, ukuqina kwesifuba
I-Vascular: Umfutho wegazi ophansi, ikhanda elikhanyayo, ukushaya kwenhliziyo ngokushesha
Uma kunzima, lokhu kuphendula kuthiwa i-anaphylaxis, engaba yingozi yokuphila.
Ukunciphisa Ukungezwani Noma Ukungabeki?
Ukusabela okuningi ekudleni cishe akuyona into yokugulisa emvelweni, kepha kunalokho ukungaboni ngaso sonke isikhathi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi akekho umuntu ophikisayo we-allergen okhona ngokumelene nokudla kumuntu.
Ukungaboni ngaso sonke isikhathi kungahle kubekwe njengobuthi onobuthi futhi obunobuthi. Izindlela ezinobuthi zingalindeleka ukuba zenzeke kubantu abaningi uma kudliwa ukudla okwanele, izibonelo zifaka utshwala, i-caffeine noma ezimweni zokudla okunobuthi. Ukwehlukana kokudla okungeyona enobuthi kwenzeka kuphela kubantu abathile, njengokungabekezelelani kwe-lactose, okubangelwa ukuntuleka kwe-lactase, i-enzyme ephula ushukela ebisi nasekudleni. (Iziguli ezine-lactose ukungavumi ukuhlangenwe nakho ukubhula, ukuchoboza kanye nokuhuda phakathi kwemizuzu kuya emahoreni ngemva kokudla ukudla okunomdlavuza we-lactose, kodwa ungaboni nezinye izimpawu zokudla komzimba.)
Ukusabela Okungezona Okwenziwe Ngama-Immunologic
Ifomu elingavamile lokuphendula okungezona okweqile ekudleni kuhilela isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela, kodwa azikho amantombazane omzimba we-allergenic akhona. Leli qembu lihlanganisa ama-celiac sprue nama-FPIES (ama-syndromatic-produced-syndromathy syndromes). Ama-FPIES ngokuvamile avela ezinsaneni nasezincane, izimpawu zamathumbu (ukuhlanza, isifo sohudo, izitofu ezigazini kanye nokulahlekelwa kwesisindo) njengezibonakaliso zokuveza.
Ubisi, okusanhlamvu nesinhlamvu yizimbangela ezivame kakhulu kuma-FPIES. Izingane ngokuvamile zivela kumaFPIES ezineminyaka emibili kuya kweyama-3 ubudala.
Ukuvuthwa Okuvamile Kubuntwana
Ubisi, isobho, ukolweni, amaqanda, i-peanut, izihlahla zomuthi, izinhlanzi, kanye ne-shellfish zishintsha amaphesenti angaphezu kwangu-90 okudla kokudla ezinganeni. Ukunciphisa ubisi ebisi kanye neqanda yizona ezivame kakhulu futhi ngokuvamile zingaphansi kweminyaka engu-5. I-peanut, umuthi nut, inhlanzi kanye ne-shellfish imizimba ngokuvamile iyingozi kakhulu futhi ingase isongele ukuphila, futhi iqhubekele ekubeni umuntu omdala.
I-Cross-Reactivity ne-Cross-Contamination
Ukwelashwa okuphambene nomzimba kubhekisela kumuntu onesifo sofuba ekudleni okufanayo ngaphakathi kweqembu lokudla. Isibonelo, wonke ama-shellfish ahlobene kakhulu; uma umuntu ephikisana nesibhakabhaka esisodwa, kunethuba elinamandla lokuthi umuntu uthola ukwelashwa kwamanye ama-shellfish. Okufanayo kuqinisile kumakhi-tree, njengama-alimondi, ama-cashews, nama-walnuts.
Ukungcola okuphambene nomzimba kubhekisela ekudleni okungcolisa omunye, ukudla okungahambisani okuholela "ekuziphatheni okufihliwe". Isibonelo, amantongomane namantongomane omuthi akuzona ukudla okuhlobene. Amantongomane angamaqabunga futhi ahlobene nomndeni webhontshisi, kuyilapho izihlahla zomuthi zingamantongomane angempela. Ayikho ukubuyisana okuphakathi kokubili, kodwa kokubili kungatholakala ezitolo ze-candy nakwe-can of nut mix, isibonelo.
Ukuxilongwa
Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa ngomlando ofanele wokuphendulela kokudla okuqondile, kanye nokuhlolwa okuhle kwe-anti-antiergic ngokumelene nokudla. Ukuhlolwa kwe-antibody okwenziwe yi-allergenic kuvame ukufezwa ngokuhlolwa kwesikhumba, nakuba kungenziwa ngokuhlolwa kwegazi.
Ukuhlolwa kwegazi, okubizwa ngokuthi i-RAST test, akuyona into enhle yokuhlolwa njengokuhlolwa kwesikhumba, kodwa kungasiza ekubikezeleni ukuthi ngabe umuntu usenesikhathi sokudla okunomsoco. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ngoba ezimweni eziningi ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba kungahle kube nethonya ezinganeni eziye zangena ekungezwani kokudla kokudla.
Uma ukuxilongwa kokudla kokungenwa kokudla okuphazamisayo kudingekile naphezu kokuhlolwa, i-allergenist inganquma ukwenza inselelo yokudla ngomlomo ngesiguli.
Lokhu kuhilela ukuthi umuntu adle ukudla okwandayo ngaphezu kwamahora amaningi ngaphansi kokuqondiswa kwezokwelapha. Njengoba kungenzeka ukuthi kukhona okungenzeka kube yingozi yokuphila e-anaphylaxis, le nqubo kufanele yenziwe kuphela udokotela obhekene nokuxilongwa nokuphathwa kwezifo ezithathelwanayo. Inselelo yokudla ngomlomo yindlela kuphela yokususa ngempela ukuxilongwa kokudla kokungenwa kwezifo esigulini.
Ukwelapha
Phatha indlela yokuphendula ngayo: Uma kwenzeka ukubhekana nokudla, lo muntu kufanele afune ukunakekelwa kwezempilo okuphuthumayo ngokushesha. Iningi leziguli ezinezinyosi zokudla kufanele zithwale i-epinephrine, noma i-adrenaline (njenge- Epi-pen® , kanye nabo ngaso sonke isikhathi.) Le mithi ingabekwa udokotela futhi isiguli kufanele sikwazi ukusebenzisa le divayisi ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke ukuphikisana kwegazi.
Gwema ukudla: Lena yindlela esemqoka yokuvimbela ukusabela esikhathini esizayo ekudleni kokudla, nakuba kungase kube nzima ezimweni zokudla okuvamile ezifana nobisi, iqanda, soy, ukolweni kanye nosawoti. Funda ukuthi ungagwema kanjani izifo zokudla ezivame kakhulu . Izinhlangano ezifana ne-Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Network zinikeza usizo nokusekela iziguli nabazali bezingane ezinezifo zokudla. Odokotela bezokwelapha banganikela ngolwazi olwengeziwe kanye nezeluleko ngokugwema.
Funda amalebula okudla: Njengoba ukuchayeka ngengozi kokudla okuvamile, kuvamile ukufunda amalebula ekudleni nokubuza imibuzo mayelana nezithako ezitolo zokudlela kubalulekile futhi kunconywa.
Yilungele: Iziguli ezinezinkinga zokudla kufanele zihlale zikulungele ukuqaphela nokuphatha ukusabela kwazo, uma kwenzeka kwenzeka. Khumbula, ngoba ukuchayeka ekudleni kokudla okuvamile kuyingozi, ukulungele ukuphatha ukusabela nge-epinephrine kuyinhloko.
Ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okuphuthumayo kufanele kuhlale kufunwa uma kwenzeka ukuphika okwenziwe okweqile ekudleni, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-epinephrine isetshenziswa noma cha.
Ukuxhumana nabanye: Ukuxhumana namalungu omndeni, abangani, nabasebenzi besikole ngesimo sezokwelapha nesiguli sokuphatha i-epinephrine kubalulekile.
Kunconywa ukuthi isiguli sigqoke isongo sokuxwayisa wezokwelapha (njenge-Bracelet ye-Medic-Alert®) esichaza ukudla kwabo kokudla kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-epinephrine engenayo, uma isiguli singakwazi ukuxhumana ngenkathi kusabela.
Umthombo:
I-American Academy ofergy, i-Asthma kanye ne-Immunology, kanye ne-Food Allergy Practice Parameters. Ann Ukuzivocavoca Isifo Somoya Immunol. 2006; 96: S1-68.
ISICELO: Ulwazi oluqukethwe kule sayithi lusezinhloso zemfundo kuphela, futhi akufanele lisetshenziswe njengengxenye yokunakekelwa ngumuntu udokotela olayisensi. Sicela ubheke udokotela wakho ukuxilongwa nokuphathwa kwanoma yiziphi izimpawu noma isimo sezokwelapha.