I-anemia yigama elisetshenziselwa ukuchaza inani elibomvu lesisindo segazi . Kunezinhlobo ezintathu ezahlukene ezijwayelekile zamangqamuzana egazi - amangqamuzana egazi abomvu, amaseli egazi amhlophe, namaplatelet. Amaseli aphuzi egazi ayingxenye yegazi ethwala i-oxygen kuzo zonke izingxenye zomzimba.
Kungani Abantu abane-IBD Ngengozi?
Abantu abane- inflammatory disease (IBD) abasengozini ye-anemia.
Esinye isizathu salokhu ukutholwa okuncane kwamavithamini namaminerali okungenzeka ngenxa yokuvuvukala noma isifo sohudo. Uma amathumbu akakwazi ukufaka insimbi eyanele, i-folate, i-vitamin B12, nezinye izakhi, umzimba ngeke ube nalokho okudingeka ukwakheni amangqamuzana amaningi obomvu egazi.
Esinye isizathu sokuthola i-anemia kubantu abane-IBD ukulahlekelwa igazi okungenzeka nge-Crohn's disease kanye nesifo sofuba esiswini. Ukulahlekelwa igazi njalo, ikakhulukazi emalini engakwazi ukugcwaliswa kalula ngomzimba, kungaholela ekudleni kwegazi.
Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi izimo eziningi ze-anemia zingaphathwa ngempumelelo. Ngesikhathi i-IBD ingena ekuxoxweni (noma eduze ngangokunokwenzeka) kanye nokwehla kwegazi, okuzosiza nge-anemia kakhulu. Izithako ze-Iron noma ngisho nezinsipho zensimbi zingase zisetshenziselwe ukuphatha i-anemia kwezinye izimo.
Izimpawu
Izimo eziningi ze-anemia zibhekwa njengobumnene, kodwa ngisho ne-anemia emnene ingabangela izimpawu futhi ingadinga ukwelashwa.
Izindlela ezimbi kakhulu azivamile kodwa zingabangela izinkinga eziningi, ezinye zazo zibi kakhulu, njengokulimala komzimba noma ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo. Izimpawu ze-anemia zihlanganisa:
- Ukukhathala
- Ukuzivocavoca noma ubukhulu obunzima
- Ukuthukuthela
- Ubumbulu noma ukubandisa ezandleni noma ezinyaweni
- Isikhumba esiphezulu
- Ukuphefumula nokushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo ngokuzikhandla okuncane
- Ukungabi namandla
- Ubuhlungu besifuba (lokhu akuvamile)
Izinhlobo ze-Anemia
Kunezinhlobo eziningana ze-anemia, kufaka hlangana neslastiki, ukungabi nensimbi, ukutholakala kwamavithamini, izifo ezingapheli, nama-hemolytic anemias. Ukwelashwa okusetshenzisiwe kuzoxhomeka kuhlobo lwe-anemia kanye nesizathu salo esiyinhloko. Uma i-anemia iholele ekuthuthukiseni ezinye izinkinga, ukwelashwa kungase kudingeke kulezo zinkinga kanye.
- I-anemia ye-aplastiki: Uma umnkantsha wesimiso eyeka ukukhiqiza amangqamuzana egazi amasha, kuyimimo ebizwa ngokuthi i-aplastic anemia. I-anemia ye-aplastiki ayiyona into engavamile futhi ingaba nefa noma ibangelwe yimisebe kanye ne-chemotherapy, ukutholakala kwezidakamizwa, ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa, ukuphazamiseka kwe-autoimmune (njenge-lupus), ukutheleleka ngegciwane lesifo (njenge-hepatitis), ukukhulelwa (okungajwayelekile) nezifo ze-bone (njenge- leukemia ). Ukwelapha kuhlanganisa ukumpontshelwa igazi , imithi, ngisho nokudluliswa komnkantsha wamathambo . Ngenxa yentuthuko entsha ekwelapheni, manje kunesibikezelo esihle kubantu abanalesi sifo.
- Ukuntuleka Kwe-Iron Anemia: Ukuntuleka kwe-Iron, i-anemia, uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-anemia, kungabangelwa ukungabi nalutho kokudla okunezinsimbi, i-iron malabsorption, nokulahleka kwegazi. Lolu hlobo lwe-anemia lungaphathwa ngokukhulisa inani lokudla okunothile okudliwayo noma lokufakelwa nge-iron. Uma igazi lilahlekile ngokuphuma kwegazi kwangaphakathi, imbangela eyinhloko yokuphuma kwegazi kuyodingeka iqondiswe.
- Ukwelashwa kweVithamini Anemias: Ukunakekelwa okuncane kwe- folic acid ne- vitamin B12 ngenxa yezifo zamathumbu ezifana ne-IBD noma ezinye izimo, kanye nokungadli ngokwanele kulawa mavithamini ngokudla kwakho, kungabangela lolu hlobo lwe-anemia. Kanye nensimbi, i-folic acid ne-B12 kuyadingeka ukukhiqiza amangqamuzana abomvu egazi. Ukwelashwa kwalolu hlobo lwe-anemia kungabandakanya ukufaka ama-vithamini engabanjwanga, njengokuthatha ama-B12 shots nama-folic acid supplements.
- I-anemia yezifo ezingelapheki : Ezinye izifo zingaphazamisa ukukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu, kuhlanganise nengculazi, umdlavuza, izifo zesibindi, izifo ezingapheliyo, ukuhluleka kwezinso, kanye nesifo samathambo. Imodi yokwelapha yalolu hlobo lwe-anemia ihlanganisa ukuthola isimo esingaphansi kokulawula.
- I-Hemolytic Anemias: Kulolu hlobo lwe-anemia, ukubhujiswa kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu kuqhutshwa ngokushesha kunamaseli amasha wegazi abomvu. Ezinye zezimbangela zihlanganisa izifo ezizimele noma imithi esetshenziselwa ukuphatha izifo. Lolu hlobo lwe-anemia lungabangela ipeni elikhulisiwe ngenxa yesamba esikhulu samaseli abomvu angabomvu aqoqwe kuwo. Uma i-autoimmune disorder iyimbangela, ukwelashwa kuzobandakanya imithi yokuvimbela isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela, ngoba isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela sisasebenza isikhathi esengeziwe futhi sichitha amaseli egazi abomvu.
Ukuthola i-anemia
I-anemia iyatholakala kalula ngokuhlolwa kwegazi elula. Ngokuvamile, i-anemia ifika kancane kancane futhi ayibonakali njengoba iqhubeka isikhathi eside. Kungathatha isikhashana ukuphulukisa i-anemia, ikakhulukazi uma ukwelashwa kuhilela insimbi noma ezinye izithako ukukhuthaza umzimba ukuba ukhiqize amangqamuzana amaningi obomvu egazi. Ezimweni ezinzima ze-anemia, ukumpontshelwa igazi kungasetshenziswa. Uma usengozini yokuthola i-anemia futhi uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezibalwe ngenhla, khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuhlolwa.
Imithombo:
I-Mayo Clinic. "I-Anemia." UMayo Foundation for Education and Research (MFMER) 8 Mar 2013. 25 Mashi 2014.
I-National Women's Health Information Centre. "I-anemia." WomensHealth.gov 16 Jul 2012. 25 Mashi 2014.