I-Circadian Rhythm Inquma Isikhathi Sokulala Nokuvuka
Uma othile ekhuluma ngokungathi "iwashi lakhe lezinto eziphilayo," kusho ukuthini ngempela? Funda mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwewashi lezinto eziphilayo ngesikhathi sokuzala nokulala. Thola ukuthi iwashi lezinto zomzimba lihlala kuphi, ukuthi lilawula kanjani amaphethini we- circadian njengokulala nokuvuka, nokuthi ukuphazamiseka kubangelwa kanjani isikhathi sokuthi iwashi ingasetshenziswa kahle ngamaphethini emvelo wokukhanya nobumnyama.
Iyini iwashi lezinto eziphilayo?
Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi iwashi le-biological term lisetshenziselwa ukubhekisela emibhalweni emibili ehluke kakhulu. Abantu abaningi, ikakhulukazi besifazane, basebenzisa le nkulumo ukuchaza iminyaka elula yokuphila okuzala kahle. Isibonelo, uma iwashi le-biological ye-biological ikhathaza, kusho ukuthi uyakhula futhi ikhono lakhe lokukhulelwa futhi lithwala ingane enempilo kuya esikhathini lingase liyeke. Kungachaza isifiso esilula sokuba nomntwana futhi, uma ukhawula, kubonakala sengathi uyisisusa sokuzala. Ngokuvamile, impilo yokuzala ibhekwa njengehlehliswa eminyakeni engama-30 futhi ngokuqinisekile igcwele iminyaka engu-40, kodwa ukuthuthukiswa kwemithi yokuzala kuye kwandisa isikhathi esithile. Ngenxa yokwazi kwamadoda ukuba abantfwana asebekhulile, bangase bangabi nesimo esifanayo.
Lokhu akulona ukuthi leli gama lisetshenziselwa kanjani ngaphakathi komuthi wokulala, noma kunjalo.
Esikhundleni salokho, iwashi lezinto eziphilayo lisho ikhono lomzimba lokuhamba ngezinqubo ezingenasisekelo kumvelo wangaphandle, ikakhulukazi isikhathi sokukhanya nobumnyama, izinga lokushisa, nokutholakala kwemithombo. Kukholelwa ukuthi ukulala kulawulwa kahle yizinqubo ezimbili: i-homeostatic sleep drive kanye nesignali yokuxwayisa i-circadian.
Ukulala kwesitimela, noma isikweletu sokulala, kubhekisela eqinisweni lokuthi uma uhlala uphapheme isikhathi eside, uzoba umkhwa womzimba. Lokhu kuhlobene nokwakhiwa kwamakhemikhali okuvimbela ukulala, kufaka phakathi i- adenosine , ngaphakathi kobuchopho. Ukulala, okungenani ngeyingxenye, inqubo yokukhipha la makhemikhali ezicubu zomqondo. Isibonakaliso sokuxwayisa yisistimu ephikisayo yokulala drive ekhuthaza ukuvuka ngendlela evamile kakhulu.
Ngakho-ke, iwashi lezinto eziphilayo liyindlela etholakala ngaphakathi kwezinhlobo eziphilayo ezixhumanisa isikhathi sokusebenza kwemvelo kanye nokuziphatha kumjikelezo wusuku lwamasuku. Lezi zinqubo zihlanganisa ukulala nokuvuka, kanye nokulawula ukushisa komzimba kanye nokukhululwa kwe-hormone. Siqala ukufunda okuningi mayelana nokuthi iwashi ikhona nokuthi ilawulwa kanjani.
Uphi iwashi lezinto eziphilayo?
Iwashi lenkosi yindawo ebizwa ngokuthi i -nucleus ephezulu , isifunda esincane sobuchopho esitholakala ngaphakathi kwe- hypothalamus yangaphakathi. Isebenzisa ukulawula kwama-hormone kumawashi omzimba okuye kwachazwa ezinhlobonhlobo zamaseli amaningi, kufaka phakathi konke kusuka enhliziyweni kuya kwesibindi kuya kwamathishu amafutha. Ukuhlelwa kwalezi zici kukholelwa ukuthi kuvumela ukusetshenziswa kahle kwemithombo, ukutholakala kokudla, nokuvikelwa kwezilwane ezidliwayo kuzo zonke izilwane.
Ngisho noma iwashi lenkosi ikhona, uma ibhidliza noma ilahlekile, iseli ngalinye liyakwazi ukugcina isigqi sayo. Eqinisweni, uma ngabekwa eceleni, lawa maseli akwazi ukulandela umjikelezo - noma i-iphethini yamahora angu-24 bonke ngokwabo. Ngakho-ke, imishini yokugcina isikhathi ikhona cishe kuwo wonke amangqamuzana omzimba futhi ngokucophelela ibhalwe ikhodi ye-genetic yeseli.
Ama-Clocks aphukile: Ukutholakala kwe-Circadian Disorders
Ngezindlela eziningi, izinkinga ezihlukahlukene ze-circadian zengculazi zingase zenzeke ngenxa yewashi ye-biologic elahlekelwe i-synchrony yayo kwimvelo yemvelo. Lokhu kungenxa yezizathu eziningi, kufaka phakathi izakhi zofuzo, ukuphuphuthekisa , indlela yokuphila noma imikhuba, kanye nezifo ezinokukhubazeka ezifana nesifo se-Alzheimer's.
Eziningi zalezi zimo ziholela ebunzima bokuqwashisa nokulala okungapheli kahle.
Omunye wamathonya anamandla kakhulu ewashi lomzimba womzimba ukukhanya okulula. Okubaluleke kakhulu , ukukhanya kwasekuseni kungasetshenziswa kabusha ukuthambekela kwethu kwemvelo ukushintsha isikhathi sokulala kwethu kamuva. Ngenxa yalokho, ikhuthaza ukuvuka ekuseni futhi kusiza ikhono lethu lokulala ekuqaleni kwesikhathi sokulala. Nakuba ukukhanya kokukhanya kokukhanya okungakapheli isikhathi eside kungadingeka kwabanye, ngisho nezikhathi ezincane zeminithi engama-15 ngaphandle kokuvuswa kungenele ukuqinisa isikhathi sokulala somzimba nokuvuka.
Uma ukholelwa ukuthi ungase ube nezimpawu ezibonisa ukungahleleki kwesigqi somzimba, khuluma nochwepheshe obuthongo. Amaviki ambalwa okuhlola ngelogi lokulala noma i- actigraphy ingase ibone uhlobo lwenkinga, kuhlanganise nokungafezeki kwewashi lakho lezinto eziphilayo, bese uholela ekwelapheni okudingekayo ukuze ulale kahle ebusuku futhi usebenze kahle ngesikhathi sosuku.
> Imithombo:
> Kryger, MH et al . "Izimiso Nemikhuba Yokulala Imithi." I-ExpertConsult , umagazini wesi-5, ngo-2011.
> Moore-Ede, MC et al . "Isistimu yomzimba yokulinganisa isikhathi," kuyi -Clocks That Time Us . ECambridge, eMassachusetts, eHarvard University Press, ngo-1984, k. 3.
> Peters, i-BR. "Izikhathi Zokulala Nezingcingo ezingavamile." Ukuhlolwa kwezikhalazo zokulala . Umtholampilo wokulala . 9 (2014) 481-489.
> Ramsey, KM kanye noBass, J. "Izibonelo zezilwane zokuphazamiseka kwe-chronobiology: i-cell kanye nezicubu," ezimisweni nezenzo zokulala . Ihlelwe ngu-Kryger MH, i-Roth T, iDement WC. St. Louis, Missouri, u-Elsevier Saunders, ngo-2011, iphe. 463-467.