Umhlahlandlela Weziguli Okwelapha I-Stage III no-IV I-Melanoma Treatment
Udokotela wakho uthi i- biopsy yakho ibonisa ukuxilongwa kwe- melanoma esezingeni eliphakeme, uhlobo oluhlukumeza kakhulu lomdlavuza wesikhumba . Yini elandelayo? Yiziphi izinketho zakho? Nakhu okuningiliziwe kwalokho okumele ulindele ukuze ukwazi ukubuza imibuzo enolwazi mayelana nokwelapha kwakho nokubikezela kwakho. ( Incazelo yezokwelapha ze- melanoma ezenzakalweni zangaphambili ze-0, I-II ne-II ziyatholakala.
):
I-Stage III i-Melanoma
Ukwelapha okuhlinzekwa nge- phase III i- melanoma kuhilela ukukhipha (ukususwa) kwe-tumor oyinhloko futhi ngokuvamile kuvame ukuhamba ngamallimini eseduze. Ukwelashwa kwe-Adjuvant (emva kokuhlinzwa) nge- interferon-alfa2b kungasiza ezinye iziguli ezine-stage III i-melanoma zilwa nokuphindaphinda isikhathi eside.
Uma i-melanoma ingakwazi ukususwa ngokuphelele, udokotela wakho angase ajobe umuthi wokugoma (BCG) noma i- interleukin-2 ngqo emathunjini. Ngokwe-melanoma engxenyeni noma emlenzeni, enye indlela ongakhetha ngayo ukufaka isilwane ngesisombululo esishisayo somuthi we-chemotherapy melphalan. Kwezinye izimo, ukwelapha imishanguzo kungenziwa ngemuva kokuhlinzwa endaweni lapho ama-lymph nodes asuswe khona, ikakhulukazi uma eziningi zitholakale ziqukethe umdlavuza. Ezinye izindlela zokwelashwa zibandakanya i-chemotherapy, i- immunotherapy noma zombili ezihlangene (i-biochemotherapy).
Izindlela eziningi zokwelashwa ezivivinywa ekuvivinyweni kwemitholampilo zingase zizuze ezinye iziguli. Iziguli eziningi ngeke zelashwe ngezifo zamanje ze-melanoma yesigaba sesi-3, ngakho-ke zingase zifune ukucabanga ngokubekwa esilingo somtholampilo.
I-Melanoma yesigaba se-IV
I-melanoma yesigaba se-IV inzima kakhulu ukuyiphatha, njengoba sesivele isetshenziselwe ukusabalalisa (ukusabalalisa) ezindaweni ezikude ze-lymph nodes noma ezinye izindawo zomzimba. Izinqubo zokuhlinza zizofaka phakathi nokususa izicubu, izitho zomzimba, noma izitho ezithile zangaphakathi, kuye ngokuthi zingaki izicubu ezikhona, indawo yazo, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi zibangele izimpawu.
Ama-metastase abangela izimpawu kodwa akakwazi ukususwa ngokuhlinzwa angaphathwa nge- radiation noma i-chemotherapy.
Imithi ye- chemotherapy esebenzayo ngalesi sikhathi inenani elilinganiselwe kubantu abaningi abane-melanoma yesigaba IV. I-Dacarbazine (i-DTIC) ne-temozolomide (i-Temodar) yilabo asetshenziswe kaningi noma ngokwabo noma ehlangene nezinye izidakamizwa. Ngisho nalapho i-chemotherapy ihlukumeza lezi zomshukela, umphumela uvame ukwedlula okwesikhashana, ngesikhathi esilinganisiwe sezinyanga ezintathu kuya kwezingu-6 ngaphambi kokuba umdlavuza uqale ukukhula futhi. Ezimweni ezingavamile, zingasebenza ngesikhathi eside. I-Immunotherapy, ngokusebenzisa i-interferon-2b noma i-interleukin-2, ingasiza inombolo encane yeziguli ezine-stage IV i-melanoma ephila isikhathi eside. Izindleko eziphakeme kulezi zidakamizwa zibonakala ziphumelela kakhulu, kodwa nazo zinemiphumela emibi kakhulu.
Odokotela abaningi batusa i-biochemotherapy - inhlanganisela ye-chemotherapy kanye ne-interleukin-2, i-interferon noma kokubili. Ngokwesibonelo, abanye odokotela bahlanganisa i-interferon ne-temozolomide. Lezi zidakamizwa ezimbili zihlangene ukuze kubangele ukuqina kwe-tumor, okungenza iziguli zizizwe zingcono, nakuba inhlanganisela ingaboniswa ukusiza iziguli ziphile isikhathi eside. Enye inhlanganisela yezidakamizwa isebenzisa ukulinganisa okuphansi kwe-interferon, interleukin, ne-temozolomide.
Ngamunye ubonakala ezuzisa ezinye iziguli.
Njengoba isifo se-melanoma se-IV sinzima ukuphatha ngezinqubo zokwelashwa zamanje, kufanele uxoxe nodokotela wakho uma ufanelekile ukuhlolwa kweklinikhi. Ukuhlolwa kwemitholampilo yezidakamizwa ezintsha ze-chemotherapy, izindlela ezintsha ze-immunotherapy noma ukwelashwa kwegciwane nokuhlanganiswa kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zokwelapha kungase kuzuze ezinye iziguli. Ngisho noma isimo sengqondo seziguli ezine-stage IV se-melanoma sivame ukuba sempofu jikelele, inani elincane leziguli liye laphendula kahle ngokweqile ukwelashwa noma seliye lahlala iminyaka eminingi ngemva kokuxilongwa.
Imithombo:
"Ukwelapha I-Melanoma Skin Cancer NgeSigaba." I-American Cancer Society. 24 Disemba 2008.
"Ukwelapha i-Melanoma PDQ." I-National Cancer Institute. 24 Disemba 2008.
"Iziqondiso: I-Melanoma." I-National Comprehensive Cancer Network. 16 Disemba 2008.