Ingozi Ehlobene Ngomdlavuza We-Lung e-Asia vs e-United States
Ingabe kuyiqiniso ukuthi amadoda aseJapane abhema ngaphezulu kodwa athola umdlavuza wamaphaphu njalo ukuthi amadoda ase-United States naseYurophu, noma ngabe abhema ngaphezulu?
Lokhu akulona iqiniso, kuyiqiniso. Kodwa kungani?
I-Japanese Lung Cancer Smoking Paradox
Lokhu kubonakala kungabonakali ukuthi labo abaseJapane bayabhema kakhulu kepha banomdlavuza womswakama ongaphansi ongaphansi kwe-United States, owaziwa ngokuthi "umdlavuza weJapan wokubhema umaphaphu." Le mpikiswano ayikho mayelana nokubhema ngoba siyazi ukuthi ukubhema kubangela umdlavuza wamaphaphu.
Le mpikiswano iwukuthi kungani abantu baseJapane (nabanye ababhemayo base-Asia) benomdlavuza wephaphu, ngisho noma bebhema ngaphezulu. Impendulo yemibuzo ehambisana nalesi sigameko cishe inhlanganisela yezizathu.
Amanani we-Lung Cancer vs Ukubhema eJapane nase-United States
Lapho ebona ukuthi kunezibhebhe ezingaphezu kwamadoda aseJapane kodwa ingozi ephansi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu, abacwaningi bahlelwe ukuze baqhathanise. Bathola ukuthi umehluko awuhlobene nokulingana nokubhema. Amadoda avela e-United States nalabo abavela eJapane bavutha inani elifanayo leminyaka, futhi babalwa inani elifanayo legwayi nsuku zonke.
Nokho, ngenkathi e-United States "isilinganiso sezinkinga" somdlavuza wamaphaphu kubantu ababhemayo abesilisa nabangewokubhema kwakuyi-40.1 (ngamanye amazwi, ababhemayo abesilisa babengama-40 amathuba okuba nomdlavuza wamaphaphu kunabesilisa abangabhemi e-US), ukulinganisa isilinganiso eJapan kwakungu-6.3. Ngamanye amazwi, ababhemayo abesilisa eJapane babezikhathi ezingu-6.3 kuphela ezingenzeka ukuba bathuthukise umdlavuza wamaphaphu njengamadoda angewona abhema.
Amanani Ahlobene Ngomdlavuza Wamaphaphu Kwezinye Amazwe ase-Asia
Umdlavuza wephaphu wamaphaphu uqinisile, futhi awukodwa eJapane. Ingozi ehlobene nomdlavuza wamaphaphu esifundweni se-2016 ithole ukuthi, ngokuphathelene nengozi engama-40: 1 e-United States, ababhemayo eKorea babengama-4.0 kuya kwangu-4.6 amathuba okuba nomdlavuza wamaphaphu kunabangabhemi.
Ingozi ehlobene eJapane kulolu cwaningo yayingu-3.7 kuya ku-5.1, futhi ukuthi e-China yayingu-2.4 kuya ku-6.5.
Abalobi balolu cwaningo baxwayisa ukuthi ukuphazamiseka akufanele kuchazwe ngokuqondile ukuthi ukubhema kuphephile kuma-Asiya.
Izizathu Ezibonakalayo Ze-Cancer Lung Smoking Paradox
Izizathu ezingase zenze ingozi enkulu yomdlavuza wamaphaphu e-United States ngezinye amazwe ase-Asia zihlanganisa:
- Amazinga aphansi ezakhiweni ezibangelwa umdlavuza ema-cigarettes aseJapane. E-United States, cishe amakhemikhali angaba ngu-70 atholakala ku-cigarettes acatshangelwa ukuthi abangele umdlavuza. Ngesikhathi ugwayi ukhona emigqonyeni eminingi, uhlobo kanye nenani lamanye amakhemikhali ahlukahluka kakhulu.
- Izici ze-genetic ezenza amadoda aseJapane aphikisana nokuthuthukiswa okuhlobene nokubhema komdlavuza wamaphaphu. Nakuba ungase ucabange ngomdlavuza wamaphaphu njengesifo esithinta ukubhema, kunezimbangela eziningi, kanti abanye abantu bathwala isifo. Lokhu kungase kube lula ukuqonda uma ulandele izindaba ngo-Angelina Jolie, futhi izinqumo azibhekene nazo ekufundeni ukuthi unesifo somdlavuza esibelethweni somdlavuza webele. Eqinisweni, enye yalezi "zofuzo zomdlavuza webele" owaziwa ngokuthi i- BRCA2 ixhunywe ngengozi ephindwe kabili yokuthuthukisa umdlavuza wamaphaphu kulabo abashaya.
Izizathu Ezingenzeka Zomdlavuza We-Lung YaseJapane Ukubhema I-Paradox
Ngaphandle kokuthambekela kwezakhi zofuzo kanye nokuqukethwe kwamagciwane egwayi, kunezinye izici ezingase zilandele, noma okungenani zenzele, umehluko phakathi kokubhema nomdlavuza wamaphaphu e-US naseJapane. Lokhu kungafaka:
- Ukuphuza ngokweqile izidakamizwa ngamadoda aseJapane. Ukusetshenziswa kakhulu kotshwala kuhlobene nengozi ephakeme yomdlavuza wamaphaphu , nakuba ezinye izinhlobo zokuphuza utshwala zingaholela engozini enkulu kunezinye. Izakhi zofuzo zingase zithinte nalokho, njengoba ucwaningo olulodwa luthola ukuxhumana phakathi komuthi we-alcohol nomdlavuza kumadoda aseShayina.
- Amafutha angaphansi ayenziwe ngamadoda aseJapane. Ukudla okuncane okuncane ekudleni kuhlotshaniswa nengozi ephansi yokuthuthukisa umdlavuza wamaphaphu.
- Ukusebenza kahle kwezihlungi ezitsheni zikaJapan. Kukhona ukusetshenziswa okuningi kwamalahle asetshenzisiwe ezihlungi zegwayi zaseJapane kunokuba ugwayi atholakale e-United States. Ungazijwayela amalahle asetshenzisiwe njengoba esetshenziselwa amakamelo okuphuthumayo ukuze aphathe ezinye izinhlayiya kanye nokudlula ngaphezulu. Amalahle asebenzayo ahlanganisa amanye amakhemikhali, kodwa ngokuqinisekile akuwona wonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amalahle asetshenzisiwe asetshenziswa kwezinye izithako zokudla zezempilo .
- Ukuqala ukubhema kuqala kubantu baseMelika. Amadoda aseMelika aqala ukubhema, ngokwesilinganiso, okungenani eminyakeni emibili ngaphambili kunamadoda aseJapane. Ngokuvamile, ingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu ikhuphuka nenani lepakethe-iminyaka elibhemayo, noma inani lenombolo kagwayi. Kodwa labo abaqala ukubhema eminyakeni encane kubonakala bebeka engozini kakhulu kunelabo abaqala ukubhema kamuva, noma ngabe amaqembu womabili kufanele abhema inombolo efanayo yegwayi.
- Izinto zokuphila ngaphandle kokubhema . Ezinye izici zokudla zihlobene nengozi ephansi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu . Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuzivocavoca-ngisho nemali encane-kubonakala kunciphisa ingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu.
Yini Ongayenza Ngalo Lwazi?
Ngokuqinisekile, izifo zezofuzo azikwazi ukulawula, kodwa amadoda aseMelika abhema angase afise ukucabangela ukunciphisa ukuphuza utshwala nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa eziphezulu.
Qinisekisa ukuhlola lawa mathiphu ayishumi okuvimbela umdlavuza wamaphaphu , noma ngabe uyabhema noma cha. Khumbula ukuthi umdlavuza wamaphaphu ungazi, futhi uyenzeka, uvele ungapheli kuze kube phakade. Noma ubani onamaphaphu angathola umdlavuza wamaphaphu.
> Imithombo:
> Jung, K., Jeon, C., no S. Yee. Umphumela Wokubhema Ngomdlavuza We-Lung: Ukuhluka Kwezizwe Ne-Smoking Paradox. Epidemiology and Health . 2016. 38: e2016060.
> Marugame, T. et al. Imingcele yokufa komdlavuza we-Lung ngesimo sokubhema: Ukuqhathanisa Isifundo Seqoqo Lama-Three-Prefecture eJapane ku-Cancer Prevention Study II e-USA. I-Cancer Science . 2005. 96 (2): 120-6.
> Nakaji, S. et al. Izincazelo zokuphazamiseka kokubhema eJapane. I-European Journal ye-Epidemiology . 2003. 18 (5): 381-3.
> Stellman, S. et al. Ingozi yomdlavuza wokubhema neyomaphaphu emadodeni aseMelika naseJapane: isifundo somhlaba jikelele wokulawula icala. I-Epidemiology ye-Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention . 2001. 10 (11): 1193-9.
> Takahashi, I. et al. Ukungafani nethonya lokubhema ugwayi emdlalweni wamaphaphu phakathi kweJapane ne-USA: izincazelo ezingenzeka zokuthi 'ukubhema ukuphazamiseka' eJapane. Impilo Yomphakathi . 2008. April 15 (Epub ngaphambi kwesikhathi).