Kungani i-Sputum Cytology Yenza Futhi Yini Okukutshelayo?
Uma udokotela wakho ekhuthaze i-cytology ye-sputum, lokhu kuhilela ukuthini? Isampula sithathwe kanjani? Ngabe loluhlolo luphakanyisiwe nini futhi yikuphi ukulinganiselwa ekusebenziseni njengesikrini somdlavuza wamaphaphu ?
Incazelo: i-sputum cytology
I-cytology ye-Sputum ibhekisela ekuhlolweni kwe- sputum (mucus) ngaphansi kwe-microscope ukubheka amaseli angavamile noma anomdlavuza.
I-sputum, noma i-phlegm, ibhekisela kumchamo ofihliwe ngamaseli endaweni ephansi yokuphefumula njenge-bronchi kanye ne-trachea.
I-sputum ihluke kumathe, ngoba iqukethe amaseli afaka imigqa yokuphefumula.
Iqoqo le-Sputum
I-sputum ivame ukuqoqwa ngokukhwehlela ngamandla kwisitsha, noma phakathi ne- bronchoscopy . Ngenkathi le nqubo ingatholakali ukuhlolwa okuphumelelayo komdlavuza wamaphaphu , uma kwenziwa kumuntu onezimpawu, ngezinye izikhathi kungabangela ukuxilongwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu.
I-Sputum Cytology Ukulungiselela
Ngaphambi kokuba uthathe isampula yakho ye-sputum cytology, udokotela wakho noma umhlengikazi uzokunikeza imiyalelo ekhethekile okufanele uyilandele. Ngosuku lwenqubo, uzofuna ukuhlanza ngokucophelela umlomo wakho namazinyo, kodwa kubalulekile ukuthi ungasebenzisi i-toothpaste. Uzofuna ukushaya impumulo yakho ngaphambi kwenqubo yokunciphisa inani lokugeleza kwamanzi ophezulu ongenawo.
Uma wenza le nqubo, umhlengikazi uzokusiza ukuba uphefumule ngokujulile kanye ne-expectorate kusuka ejulile esifubeni sakho. Kubalulekile ukuletha uketshezi njengokungukuthi ukhwehlela kunokuba uphelele.
Abantu bavame ukuzama ukuthola isampula izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa, ngoba kungaba nzima ukuthola isikhukhula esikhundleni samathe.
I-Cytology yesi-Sputum: Ngaphansi kwe-Microscope
Uma isampuli se-sputum sitholakala, kubhekwe ngaphansi kwe-microscope. Izinga elikhethekile lingahle lenziwe, nezinye izinqubo zokuchaza lokho okubonwayo.
Uma ama-bacteria ekhona, isampula izobekwa endaweni yesiko futhi ikhule (isiko lesi-sputum) ukucacisa kahle ukuthi iyiphi amabhaktheriya abangela ukutheleleka.
Izinkomba: Izizathu Zokukwenza Isivivinywa Sokuhlolwa Kwe-Sputum
I-cytology ye-sputum ingahle ilandelwe ukuthola izinhlamvu eziningi. Ezinye zazo zihlanganisa:
- Ukukhwehlela, ikakhulukazi ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo
- Ukuphelelwa umoya
- Ubuhlungu bomlenze (ubuhlungu obuqala esifundeni samaphaphu)
- Ukungajwayelekile e-x-ray noma i-CT scan
- Ukuvezwa kwesifo sofuba
Izimo ezingahle zitholwe
I-cytology ye-sputum ingenziwa ukuze ihlolwe izimo eziningi ezibandakanya;
I-pneumonia: Kule nqubo, udokotela wezifo angabona amabhaktheriya. Ngokusekelwe ebubunjeni obuthile bama-bacteria (ukuthi abukeka nxazonke noma njengezinduku,) nokuthi yini ebukeka sengathi unama-stains ahlukene, udokotela wakho angakhetha imithi emibi kakhulu yokuthola ukwelashwa kokuqala. I-pneumonia ivame ukuphathwa kuqala ngale ndlela ngoba izilwane ezikhona okwamanje zingase zinganqunywa ngamanye amahora angu-48 noma ngaphezulu (lapho imiphumela yesikhukhula se-sputum ikhona khona). I-cytology ye-sputum inganciphisa ukukhethwa kwe-antibiotic efanele noma inhlanganisela yama-antibiotic kakhulu .
Umdlavuza we-Lung: Nakuba kungenjalo ukuhlolwa okuhle kokuhlolwa kwesifo somdlavuza wamaphaphu, uma amangqamuzana omdlavuza wamaphaphu atholakala ku-sputum angasiza ekuhloleni lesi sifo.
I-cytology ye-sputum, noma kunjalo, ayinikezi indawo yomdlavuza kuzodingeka ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe.
I-asthma: I- cytology yesi-sputum nayo ingenziwa futhi ukuze ifune inani le- eosinophil esampula ye-sputum. Ama-eosinophils awuhlobo lwamaseli amhlophe egazi abonakala ekhulwini eliningi kakhulu. Ucwaningo lwamuva lubonisa ukuthi ukucacisa i-sputum eosinophils kuyasiza uma kuhlangene nezimpawu ukulungisa ukwelashwa kwesifo se-asthma nokunciphisa inani lokukhushulwa kwe-asthma.
Isifo sofuba: Uhlobo olukhethekile lwe-sputum cytology lungenziwa ukuze luhlolwe isifo sofuba .
I-sputum Cytology ne-Cancer Cancer
Ngisho noma kutholakala ukuthi i-cytology ye-sputum ayifanele njengesivivinyo sokuhlola, izifundo ziyaqhubeka zibheke ukubona ukuthi yini engenzeka ukuthi ikhona ekutholeni umdlavuza wamaphaphu.
Ngokuvamile, izicubu ngaphakathi noma eduze nemikhumbi yezindiza ezinkulu zingase zenze amangqamuzana omdlavuza angene emoyeni ozovela esampula se-sputum.
Eminyakeni yamuva, izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zomdlavuza wamaphaphu zishintshile. Eminyakeni eyedlule, i- squamous cell carcinoma yamaphaphu ngisho nomdlavuza omncane we-cell wamaphaphu wawuvame kakhulu. Lezi zomshukela zivame ukukhula eduze kwezindiza ezinkulu. Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lomdlavuza wamaphaphu lungumaphaphu adenocarcinoma . Lezi zomshukela zivame ukukhula ezingxenyeni zangaphandle zamaphaphu kude ne-airways. Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukuthi i-cytology ye-sputum izoba nendima encane ekutholeni umdlavuza wamaphaphu esikhathini esizayo.
Esinye isizathu sokunciphisa isidingo se-sputum cytology ukuthi manje sinesivivinyo sokuhlola umdlavuza wamaphaphu okusebenzayo, okungenani kulabo abahlangabezana nemigomo yokuhlola.
> Imithombo:
> Petsky, H., Li, A., no-A. Chang. Ukungenelela okulandelwayo okusekelwe ku-Sputum Eosinophils ngokumelene nezimpawu zemitholampilo ze-Asthma ku-Children kanye nabantu abadala. I-Cochrane Database yezibuyekezo ezihleliwe . 2017. 8: CD005603.
> I-Library Kazwelonke Kazwelonke Yezokwelapha. Amasiko ahlala njalo. Kubuyekezwe 09/05/17. https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003723.htm