I-Metastasis yigama elisetshenziselwa ukuchaza isisu esesakaze ngaphandle kwesayithi yayo eyinhloko. Esikhathini somdlavuza wekoloni ophakeme, i-metastasis ye-tumor ngokuvamile ivela emaphashini noma esibindi. Lezi zicubu zingatholakala ngesikhathi uthola ukuthi unomdlavuza wekoloni, njengokuphindaphindiwe , noma uma umdlavuza uthola amandla futhi uqhubeka ukhula futhi usakazeka.
Ukubonisa Izimpawu ze-Metastasis
Ngezinye izikhathi, izimpawu zesibindi se-metastasis ziqala ukubonisa ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kokuhlola okuqinisekisayo.
Yize ezinye zezimpawu zingase zibe nemiphumela emibi yokwelashwa, izimpawu zokumangalisa zesifo se-metastasis zingabandakanya:
- Ukukhathala okukhulu
- Ukukhathazeka nokuntuleka kwesifiso
- Ukuvota noma isifo sohudo
- Isikhumba esinamahloni
- Amehlo aphuzi noma isikhumba
- Isisu esiswini
Nakuba lezi zimpawu azikho ukhonkolo, zingase zibonise ukulimala kwesibindi. Njengoba izicubu zihlasela isibindi, zinciphisa ikhono layo lokusebenza kahle. Isibindi sakho sinendima eziningi ezibalulekile kuhlanganise nekhono lokusekela impilo ukusiza umzimba wakho ukuba usebenzise i-glucose nokuphinda usebenzise imfucuza emzimbeni.
Njengoba izikhumba zikhula ngaphakathi kwesibindi, izimpawu zingakhula ngokuqina. Njengoba ama-protein egazini lakho ehla, uketshezi kungangena emathunjini futhi kubangele ukugcinwa kwesibindi kanye noketshezi okuhambisana nezinkinga zesibindi. Uketshezi okwenyuka esiswini sakho kungabangela ukuvuvukala nokuphumula emazintweni nasezinyaweni zakho, ikakhulukazi emva kokuma noma ukuhlala isikhathi eside.
Ukuqinisekisa ukusola
Izicubu zesibindi se-Metastatic zivame ukutholakala ngokuhlolwa kwegazi noma ziqinisekiswe yi-biopsy noma isisu se-computed tomography (CT). Abahlolwayo abahlolwayo elula ukusebenzisa ukuqinisekisa ukusola kwe-metastasis noma umdlavuza okhulayo ukuhlolwa kwegazi. Igazi livivinywa ngamakhamera athile okulimala .
I-marker marker ingaba neprotheyini ehlotshaniswa nohlobo oluthile lomdlavuza. Ukuze uthole umdlavuza we-colorectal, i-tumor marker udokotela obheka egazini lakho lihlobo lweprotheyini okuthiwa i-carcinoembryonic antigen, noma i- CEA . I-marker marker eqondene ne-cancer yesibindi kanye ne-metastasis ibizwa nge-alpha fetoprotein noma i-AFP.
Ukubuka amakhomikhali e-tumor egazini akuhlinzeki ubufakazi obucacile bokuthi i-metastasis. Amakhamera we-tumor angaphakanyiswa ngenxa yezizathu eziningana-okuvame kakhulu ukuphendula (noma ukungabi khona) kumuthi we- chemotherapy . Njengoba i-chemotherapy ibulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza , ingakwazi ukukhipha le protheyini ibe yigazi lakho, okwenza u-spike okwesikhashana emakhonini akho omzimba. Udokotela wakho uzobukela lezi zivivinyo zegazi ngezikhathi ezithile bese ebhekana nemiphumela ngemiphumela yakhe yomtholampilo.
I-CT yesisu sakho ingabonisa i-metastasis yesibindi, ikakhulukazi uma kusetshenziswe i-agent ehlukile. Ama-contrast agents achaza isithombe futhi avumele udokotela ukuba abone imininingwane eyengeziwe, kodwa akudingeki ngaso sonke isikhathi. Uma kudingekile, inaliti ye-needle biopsy (noma okunye, isifiso esihle senaliti ) ingahle ilandwe ngesikhathi esisodwa njengesivivinywa se-CT esiswini. Esebenzisa inaliti encane kakhulu, ende, udokotela usebenzisa i-CT ukuthola nokuhlukanisa isibindi sesibindi bese ehoxisa isampula encane yamaseli.
I-pathologist ibuka amangqamuzana ngaphansi kwe-microscope futhi inquma ukuthi umdlavuza usakaze yini kusuka ekolon yakho noma uma umdlavuza wesibindi ngumdlavuza omusha, ozimele. Lokhu kungathinta ukhetho lwakho lwezokwelapha, ukubikezelwa, nesigaba kanye nesigaba somdlavuza wakho.
Ukuhlola Izinketho Zokwelapha
Kunezindlela eziningana udokotela wakho angasondela ekuphatheni izicubu zesibindi. Angase asikisele ukuhlinzekwa, ukuphumula noma ukukhetha kokwelapha . Uhlelo lwakho lwezokwelapha luxhomeke ezintweni ezimbalwa, kufaka phakathi:
- Isigaba nebanga lomdlavuza wakho
- Iminyaka yakho nempilo yamanje
- Inombolo nendawo yezinambuzane zikhona esibindi sakho
- Impilo yesibindi sakho esingathinteki
- Uma imithanjeni yakho noma imishanguzo iseduze nezicubu zesibindi sakho
- Uhlobo lwezokwelapha osuke walukhuthazelela (i-chemotherapy, imisebe, noma ukuhlinzwa) ukwelapha izicubu ezinkulu zomdlavuza
Ukususwa kokuhlinzwa kwe-tumor yesibindi kubizwa ngokuthi i-resection. Ngokuvamile, udokotela uzokhombisa kuphela ukuhlinzeka uma lesi sifo sihlukanisiwe futhi uma singasuswa ngokuphelele (isisodwa esisodwa noma ezimbili ngemingcele ecacisiwe ngokucacile).
I-radicofrequency ablation (ebizwa nangokuthi i-RFA) yinkqubo ngezinye izikhathi esetshenziselwa ukubhubhisa izilonda esibindi uma ukuthengiswa okuhlinzekwayo akuyona inketho. I-RFA ingagcwaliswa ngesikhumba (nge-percutaneous) noma ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa. Inaliti noma ipulazi yakha ukushisa ngokusebenzisa imfucuza yamafutha, okuyinto evuthayo futhi ibulale amangqamuzana omdlavuza.
Izinketho zokwelashwa zepilliative
Uma udokotela wakho enqume ukuthi awuyena ozobhalwa ngumthengisi noma i-RFA, angase akhuthaze izinyathelo zokwelapha zokwelapha ukwandisa induduzo yakho nokuphila kwakho. Ngokuvamile, ukwakheka kwamanzi okugcoba nokuvuvukala esiswini sakho kungabangela ukungakhululeki futhi kungasuswa ngokususwa kwe-ultrasound. Inqubo, ebizwa ngokuthi i-paracentesis noma iphepheni lesisu, idinga inaliti ukukhipha amanzi amaningi. I-fluid izobuyisela kabusha, ngakho-ke inqubo ingadinga ukuphindaphindwa njalo emva kwamasonto ambalwa noma izinyanga ezimbalwa.
Imisebe ye-palliative kanye ne- chemotherapy ingasetshenziselwa ukulawula ukukhula nokusabalala kwe-metastasis yesibindi. Ukwelashwa akuhlosiwe "ukuphulukisa" umdlavuza, kuphela ukunciphisa ukukhathazeka okuhlobene nezicubu zesibindi.
Imithombo:
I-American Cancer Society. (2006). Umhlahlandlela ophelele we-American Cancer Society ku-Cancer Colorectal . I-Clifton Fields, NE: i-American Cancer Society.
I-American Cancer Society. (nd). Ama-Markor Tumor asetshenziswa kanjani?
I-National Cancer Institute. (nd). Isigaba IV kanye neCaron Cancer ejwayelekile.