Kunezimbangela eziningana zokugula komqondo. Ezinye izimbangela ziyaguquguquka, njenge-head trauma, imithi ethile, kanye nokukhathazeka komzimba. Ezinye izimbangela azishintshi futhi ukwazi ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lokudemeka kwengqondo isiguli esingaba nalo lungasiza abahlengikazi ukuba benze kahle ukunakekela kwabo ngendlela efanele.
Izifo ze-Alzheimer's
I-Alzheimer yiyona eyimbangela enkulu yokudemeka kwengqondo. Ilandisa cishe cishe kwezintathu zamacala e- dementia .
I-Alzheimer's isifo esiqhubekayo esibonakala ngokufakwa kwamaprotheni ebuchosheni njengama- plaques kanye nama- tangles.
Ososayensi basamazama ukuthola ukuthi yini ebangela i-Alzheimer's. Ubudala, umlando womndeni , nezindlela zokuphila ezifana nokubhema kubonakala sengathi kuthonya ingozi yomuntu yokuthuthukisa i-Alzheimer's.
2. I-Vascular Dementia
I-dementia ye-Vascular iyimbangela yesibili evamile yokudemeka kwengqondo. Lokhu kubangelwa ukugeleza kwegazi okunciphise kuya ebuchosheni kusukela ekuvinjisweni okuncane noma okuphelele kwemithambo yegazi okunciphisa amangqamuzana egazi obalulekile oksijini kanye nezakhi. Ukuwohloka komqondo kwe-vascular kungabangelwa imivimbo emincane eminingi, isifo esisodwa esisodwa, isifo sikashukela noma umfutho wegazi ophezulu.
3. I-Dementia ye-Frontotemporal
Ukuwohloka komqondo kwe-Frontotemporal (FTD) kukhonjiswe yi- atrophy , noma ilahlekelwa yi-lobes yangaphambili neyesimweni sobuchopho ngokungabikho kwe-Alzheimer's. Ngokuvamile kwenzeka ngaphambi kwesifo se-Alzheimer ngokuqala kokuqala phakathi kweminyaka engama-35 kuya ku-75 ubudala.
Ihamba ngokushesha kakhulu kune-Alzheimer futhi inesikhathi sokuphila esifushane. I-FTD ingase ibe nokuxhumanisa kwezakhi zofuzo kodwa ososayensi namanje abaqiniseki ngesizathu esiqondile.
I-FTD ngokuvamile iveza ngokushintsha kokuziphatha, ngokuvamile njengokuziphatha okungalungile komphakathi noma komuntu siqu. Izinkinga ngenkulumo, okuthiwa i- aphasia , yiyona enye isethulo esikhulu se-FTD.
4. Lewy Body Dementia
I-Lewy yokukhubazeka komzimba, okubizwa ngokuthi uFriederich H. Lewy, owaqala ukuchaza ukuthi idiphozithi ekuqaleni kwe-1900, ibonakala ngamapulangwe e- alpha-synuclein ngaphakathi kwamangqamuzana ebuchopho. Nakuba izimpawu eziningi ze - Lewy Body ukukhubazeka komzimba kufana ne-Alzheimer's, izimpawu ezintathu zihlukanisa nezinye izinhlobo ze-dementia: i- hallucinations ecacile, amazinga ahlukene okuqwashisa noma ukuphazamiseka, nokuphazamiseka okukhulu kokulala.
Izifo zikaPasinson
Isifo sika-Parkinson yisifo esiqhubekayo samangqamuzana angamazinyo ebuchosheni abhiqiza ubuchopho obubalulekile be-chemical dopamine. I-Dopamine isebenza njengezithunywa zamakhemikhali ebuchosheni, iqondisa ukuhamba kwemisipha ebushelelekile futhi elinganiselayo. Ngaphandle kwe-dopamine, ubuchopho abukwazi ukuxhumana, okuholela ekulahlekelweni kwekhono lokulawula ukunyakaza komzimba.
Ezinyathelweni zayo eziphambili, i-Parkinson ingabangela ukusebenza komqondo , okuholela ekubuneni ukubuyisa izinkumbulo, izinkinga ngokucabanga, ukwenza izinqumo, nokuxazulula izinkinga, nokucindezeleka. I-dementia ibonakala cishe ku-20% kuya ku-60% weziguli ezinezifo zika-Parkinson.
Izifo zikaHuntington
Isifo sikaHuntington yisifo esizuzwe njengefa esivame ukuvela kumuntu oneminyaka engu-30 noma engu-40. Kubonakala ngokunyakaza okungalawuleki, ukuphazamiseka ngokomzwelo nokuwohloka kwengqondo.
Ngesifo sikaHuntington, ukuwohloka kwengqondo okuqhubekayo nokuwohloka komqondo okubangelwa ukugula kungase kube izibonakaliso zokuqala zesifo. Izingane ezinomzali oyedwa otholakala ukuthi zinegciwane likaHuntington zinethuba elingama-50% lokuthuthukisa lesi sifo ngokwazo.
7. I-HIV / AIDS
I-HIV / AIDS igciwane eliqashwe ngokuxhumana nomuntu wegciwane lesandulela ngculaza noma umzimba womzimba. I-dementia ehlobene ne-AIDS ingase ihlobene ne-CD4 + T-cell count nadir kanye nobude bokuguquka kwamagciwane. Ngaphambi kokwelashwa kwe-antiretoroviral, ukuwohloka komqondo kwe- AIDS kwaxhunyaniswa nokubala okuphansi kwe-CD4 + nemithwalo ephezulu yegciwane. Manje, nge-antiretroviral yokwelashwa ephumelelayo eyenza ukuqhubekela phambili kwe- HIV ne-AIDS , iziguli zihlala isikhathi eside futhi azikho ngaphansi kwezifo ezithatha amathuba okulingana ngezinga abazenza ngaphambili.
Lezi ziguli zingase zibe engozini yokuthuthukisa ukuhlushwa kwengqondo ehambisana ne-AIDS njengoba bekhula
Izimpawu ze-AIDS ezihlobene nokugula komzimba zihlanganisa izimpawu zokukhohlwa, ukuphuza, ubunzima bokuhlushwa nokuxazulula izinkinga, kanye nokucubungula.
8. I-Creutzfeldt-Jakob isifo (CJD)
Iningi elivame ukubizwa ngokuthi iMad Cow , isifo seCreutzfeldt-Jakob (CJD) sibangelwa ama-prions. Lezi zinhlamvu zibhubhisa ikhono lobuchopho lokusebenza. I-CJD ingase ibe nokuxhumanisa kwezakhi zofuzo kodwa amacala amaningi ayingqayizivele ngaphandle kwesizathu esaziwayo. Amanye amacala angase abe umphumela wokwehliswa kwemishini yezokwelapha ezingcolile ngenkathi kwenziwa izinqubo. Ukuwohloka komqondo kwe-CJD ngokuvamile kuvame ukuhamba ngokushesha ezinyangeni ezimbalwa futhi kuhilela izinkinga ngokunakekelwa, ukuxilongwa, ukudla, umbono nokusebenzisana.
Imithombo:
I-dementia ye-Vascular. I-Alzheimer's Association. Novemba 21, 2007.
http://www.alz.org/alzheimers_disease_vascular_dementia.asp.
UGilliland, uMhlengikazi uDementia J Pract. 2007 Winter; 57 (4): 5-13; imibuzo 14-6.
Marie-Florence Shadlen, MD no-Eric B Larson, MD, MPH. Ama-Syndromes we-Dementia . UpToDate.com
Alexander W Thompson, MD, MBA, Andrew A Pieper, MD, PhD, noG Glenn J Treisman, MD, PhD. I-dementia ne-delirium kwiziguli ezinegciwane lesandulela ngculazi . UpToDate.com.