Njengoba izinga lokusinda komdlavuza liphuthumayo, imiphumela yamuva yokukwelashwa komdlavuza iba ngokubaluleka. Lezi zimpawu, okungenani eyodwa zazo zikhona ezingaphezu kwesigamu sabasindile umdlavuza, ziye zathola ukunakekelwa okuncane kuze kube yamuva, njengoba sigxile ekubhekisweni, futhi ngethemba lokuphulukisa lesi sifo. Lezi zimo zingase ziqhubeke futhi / noma ziphakame izinyanga, iminyaka, ngisho namashumi eminyaka emva kokwelashwa, futhi zingancipha kakhulu izinga lokuphila kubantu abaye basinda umdlavuza.
Kusukela ngawo-1970 kuye kwaba nokwanda okuphindwe kathathu kwinani labasindile bomdlavuza abahlala eUnited States, abalinganiselwa ku-13 500 000 e-United States ngo-2012, kanye nabasindile abayizigidi ezingu-30 emhlabeni jikelele. E-United States, amaphesenti amathathu abantu abadala asele emdlavuza iminyaka emihlanu noma ngaphezulu.
Uma uzibuza ukuthi ulingane nencazelo yomuntu osinda kumdlavuza, umuntu osindayo uchazwa ngokuthi ubani oye wathola ukuthi unomdlavuza kusukela ngosuku lokuxilongwa futhi eqhubeka nokuphila kwakhe okusele. Yiziphi ezinye zezimpawu nezimo, futhi yiluphi usizo olutholakala?
Isifo senhliziyo
Isifo senhliziyo yisisusa esihamba phambili sokugula nokufa phakathi kwabalondolozi bomdlavuza. Lesi sihloko sigxile kubantu abadala abaphathwe umdlavuza, kodwa kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi abantu abaphathwe umdlavuza njengabantwana noma abasha banamathuba angama-8 okuba nesifo senhliziyo kunabantu abaneminyaka efanayo abazange baphathwe umdlavuza.
Izindlela eziningi zokwelapha umdlavuza zingadla izifo zenhliziyo, futhi ngokuvamile abantu abanomdlavuza bathola ezimbalwa zalezi zonyango zihlangene. Ezinye zezimbangela ezivamile zihlanganisa:
- Imithi ye-Chemotherapy, ikakhulukazi izidakamizwa ezifana ne- Adriamycin (doxorubicin).
- Ukushiswa kwesibindi esifubeni-isibonelo ngesifo somdlavuza wamaphaphu, umdlavuza webele wesokunxele, ne-lymphomas.
- Imithi ehloswe njengama-antibodies asetshenziselwa umdlavuza webele njengoHerceptin.
Ukwelashwa kwe-Cancer kungathinta inhliziyo ngezindlela ezahlukene futhi kuholele ezimweni ezahlukene. Ezinye zazo zihlanganisa:
I-Cardiomyopathy - I-Cardiomyopathy (ubuthakathaka benhliziyo emisipha) eholela ekuhlulekeni kwenhliziyo yinto ejwayelekile kunazo zonke zomzimba we-treatment yomdlavuza . Imithi ye-Chemotherapy, ikakhulukazi izidakamizwa ezifana ne-Adriamycin (doxorubicin) ne-Cytoxan (cyclophosphamide) azihlanganiswa ngokungajwayelekile nokuhluleka kwenhliziyo. Uma uphathwa ngemithi kulezi zigaba, i-oncologist yakho kungenzeka ukuthi ilandele i- echocardiogram ukuhlola ingxenyana yakho ye-ejection yenhliziyo ngaphambi kokuqala i-chemotherapy.
Ukushiswa kwesibindi esifubeni, njengesifo sesifo sikaHodgkin, umdlavuza webele wesinxele, noma umdlavuza wamaphaphu, kungenye imbangela ebalulekile yesifo senhliziyo. Ucwaningo olunyatheliswa ngo-2007 lwaphakamisa ukuthi amaphesenti angu-10 kuya kwangu-30 abantu abaphathwa nge-chest radiation cishe bayothola isifo senhliziyo phakathi neminyaka eyishumi ezayo. Lesi sifundo sidinga ukuhunyushwa ngokucophelela, noma kunjalo, njengamasu amasha okushisa amafutha (amasu okukhwabanisa inhliziyo) anciphisa imisebe enhliziyweni kuye yasungulwa kusukela ngaleso sikhathi.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo kungase kuqale ngezibonakaliso ezingacacile ezifana nokukhathala, ukwehla kokukhuthazela, ukuvuvukala emilenzeni, noma ukuphefumula okuncane nomsebenzi.
Uma uthola le mithi noma ube nomuthi we-radiation esifubeni sakho, cela i-oncologist yakho uma ingancoma ukubonisana nenhliziyo. Ezinye izikhungo zomdlavuza manje zinezinhlelo ze-cardio-oncology zokubhekana nalezi zinto ezikhathazayo, ikakhulukazi uma unomlando womuntu siqu noma womndeni wezinhliziyo zenhliziyo, noma ezinye izifo zenhliziyo yesifo sikashukela. Futhi, ngisho noma ucabanga ukuthi izimpawu zakho azilutho, ngaso sonke isikhathi kungcono ukuphepheka kunokudabuka uma kuziwa enhliziyweni yakho.
Isifo se-artery Coronary - Ezinye zokwelashwa komdlavuza zingalimaza uketshezi lwezimpahla zenhliziyo eziholela esifo senhliziyo esingakafiki. Njengoba kuphawuliwe ngenhla, lokhu kuyiqiniso nakakhulu ezinganeni, ezincane, nasezintweni ezisinde ezinomdlavuza omdala.
I-Arrhythmias - Ukwelashwa kwe-Cancer kungalimaza "uhlelo lwamagesi" lwenhliziyo olubangelwa izilinganiso ezingavamile zenhliziyo ( arrhythmias ). Uma ubona ikhanda elikhanyayo, izimpande, noma uzizwa sengathi inhliziyo yakho ibetha kancane noma esikhundleni sokugijima, qiniseka ukuthi uvumele udokotela wakho azi.
Ukukhathala
Ngenkathi ingekho isifo esiyingozi njengenhliziyo, ukukhathala komdlavuza kuyisimiso sonke esivame kakhulu esithinta iningi labasindile yomdlavuza. Ngaphandle kwekhwalithi yezinkinga zokuphila, ukukhathala kungaba yingozi yokuphila okuphansi. Ukukhathala komdlavuza kunzima ukukuqonda uma ungakaze uzibonele wena; akusilo uhlobo lokukhathala okungakhululwa ngobusuku obuhle bokuphumula noma indebe yekhofi. Ukuncintisana nabathandekayo kungathuthuka njengoba abangane nabomndeni bakho bekulindele ukuthi ubuyele kumuntu wakho wangaphambi komdlavuza ngemuva kokwelashwa. Uma uthola lokhu kuphazamisekile, awuyedwa. Hlola lawa mathiphu okubhekana nokukhathala okuhlobene nomdlavuza , futhi, kungcono okwamanje, phrinta lesi sihloko bese uyinikela emndenini nabangani "abangawutholi nje."
Kodwa okokuqala, ube nengxoxo enhle nodokotela wakho. Kunezimbangela ezithile zokukhathala okubangelwa ukwelashwa komdlavuza okungaphathwa. Esinye isibonelo i- anemia ehlala isikhathi eside ngemuva kwe-chemotherapy . Esinye isibonelo yizinguquko ze-hormone. Ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa ekhanda nasemqaleni kungabangela amazinga e-hormone ephansi (i- hypothyroidism ) engabangela noma iqhaza ekukhatheni ngaphezu kokubangela ezinye izimpawu. Ngokuphambene ne-hypothyroidism, i-chemotherapy ingabangela futhi i- hyperthyroidism (i-thyroid engasebenzi kakhulu) engabangela ukulahlekelwa isisindo, ukuzamazama nokukhathazeka okungaba nzima.
Kunezinye izimbangela eziningi zokukhathala okulandela ukwelashwa komdlavuza, ezinye ezitholwayo, ezinye ezingekho, kodwa udokotela wakho uzokwazi kuphela ukuthi akuhlole futhi ahlele ukuhlolwa okudingekayo uma ukhuluma. Uma unesifiso esikhulu sokumboza ikhanda lakho ngomcamelo wakho lapho i-alamu yakho imemezela ekuseni, khuluma nodokotela wakho.
Ukungalali
Ukuqwashisa kuvamile phakathi kwabagcini bomdlavuza futhi kuvame ukuphikelela iminyaka engaphezu kwelashwa. Nakuba lesi sibonakaliso singase sibonakale singenangqondo kwabanye, ukungalali okungapheli kungagcini nje kuphela ukwehlisa ikhwalithi yokuphila kodwa kuphakamisa ingozi yokuqhubeka nezinkinga zomzimba nezingokwengqondo. Ucwaningo luye lwathola ukuthi ukwelashwa kokuziphatha okungaqondakali kokulala (CBTI) kungathuthukisa kakhulu lesi sibonakaliso kubantu abaningi abanomdlavuza.
I-Peripheral Neuropathy
I-peripheral neuropathy-isifo semisipha eholela ezingeni nasemilenzeni evame ukuhlala unomphela-kuyisimo esibuhlungu kakhulu esiphuthumayo sokwelashwa komdlavuza. Lesi simo sithinta cishe ingxenye yesithathu yabantu abanomdlavuza, futhi isifo saso sanda. Izimpawu zingabandakanya ukungena, ukukhonsa, "izikhonkwane nezinaliti" ubuhlungu nokubekezelelana okubandayo ngokuvamile okutholakala ekusatshalalisweni "kokugcina impahla nokugaya". Ukwehla kwesisindo ezandleni nasezinyaweni kungaphazamisa imisebenzi elula efana nezinkinobho zokufaka inkinobho, noma ubunzima bokubeka izinyawo zakho, okuholela ekuweni. Imithi eminingi ye-chemotherapy ingabangela i-neuropathy, kodwa iningi likhona ngezidakamizwa ezifana nePlatinol (cisplatin) ne-Taxol (paclitaxel). Ukwelashwa kuvame ukubandakanya ukusetshenziswa kwemithi efana nama-gels, ama-antiepileptic, imithi yokuvimbela ukucindezeleka, kanye nemithi yokwelapha ngezikhathi ezithile. Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha, ezifana nokusikhipha , ukugcoba umzimba , nokufanekisa izithombe kunganikeza ukukhululeka okukhulu kwabanye abantu. Ucwaningo luqhubeka lubheka izindlela zokuvimbela i-neuropathy ukuba ingenzeki ngesikhathi samakhemikhali.
Ukukhubazeka kwengqondo
Ngokuvamile kuhlanganiswe "i- chemobrain ," izinselele zokucabangela okulandelayo ngemva kokukhipha i-chemotherapy ziye zaqaphela eminyakeni yamuva. Izimpawu ezifana nobunzima ukuxilonga okuningi kanye nobunzima bokugxila kungase kuqale ngesikhathi samakhemikhali futhi kuqhubeke izinyanga noma iminyaka. Ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa ezindaweni ezingenhloko nasezintanyeni ezinomdlavuza wekhanda nentamo, izicubu zobuchopho, i-metastases yobuchopho kanye ne- prophylactic irradiation cranial (PCI) (esetshenziselwa abanye abantu abane-cancer yomaphaphu) ingaba negalelo kulezi zimpawu. Kubantu abathile, ukuzama ukugxila emsebenzini owodwa ngesikhathi, ukugcina uhlu lokukhokhela izikhala zememori, nokwenza "ukuqeqeshwa kobuchopho" njenge-sudoku ingaba usizo. Kwabanye, ukubonisana nodokotela wezinzwa noma isazi sengqondo kungase kunconywe uma izimpawu ziphazamisa impilo yansuku zonke.
Ukucindezeleka Kwangemva Kokucindezeleka Okuthuthumayo
Isifo esicindezelayo sokucindezeleka ngemuva kwezifo zomdlavuza yisinye isimo esanda kuthola ukunakwa okwengeziwe phakathi kwabesifazane abasinde emdlalweni. Lesi simo, esaziwa kangcono ngokuthi senzeke phakathi kwalabo abaye bahlushwa impi, noma izisulu zokudlwengula, isibonelo, kubonakala sengathi zikhona ezingamaphesenti angu-35 eziguli ezilandela ukwelashwa. Ukwelashwa kwe-PTSD kungabandakanya izindlela ezimbalwa, kodwa isinyathelo esibaluleke kunazo zonke ekuqapheliseni lesi simo esibhekene nalesi simo kuqala.
Ukukhathazeka
Ngenkathi ukucindezeleka kungavamile phakathi kwabasindile umdlavuza kunabo abangakaze bahlaselwe umdlavuza, ukukhathazeka kuyinkinga ebalulekile. Ucwaningo oluthile olubheke abasindile abangaba ngu-50 000 lomdlavuza bathola ukuthi amaphesenti angu-18 alaba bantu ahlupheka ngenxa yokukhathazeka ngemva kokuqeda ukwelashwa. Lokhu ukukhathazeka kwakungabonakali ukwehla ngesikhathi, futhi, empeleni, labo abaneminyaka engu-10 noma ngaphezulu bengelashwa babenezinga eliphezulu kakhulu lokukhathazeka. Ukwesaba ukuphindaphindiwe komdlavuza kuyindlela eyodwa yokukhathazeka okukhathazeka kakhulu, uma kungenjalo bonke abasindile emdlavuza abavame ukuzwa ngezikhathi ezithile.
Uma uthola ukuthi ukukhathazeka ukukhathazeka kwakho, khuluma nodokotela wakho. Lesi sibonakaliso asisho ukuthi udinga imithi yokwelashwa, futhi ngokuphambene, izindlela zokwelapha ezihlukile ezifana nokukhwabanisa, ukusikhipha umzimba, ukuphefumula, nokufanekiswa kwezithombe, kungakusiza ukuba ubhekane nalesi simpawu ngenkathi uzuzisa wena jikelele.
Ukungenzi lutho
Ukukhathazeka mayelana nokuzala kungahle kuvelele uma kuqhathaniswa nokuxilongwa komdlavuza kodwa ukukhathazeka kwangempela kubantu abasha abanomdlavuza. Lezi zihloko zixoxa ngokuthi ukwelashwa komdlavuza kungathinta kanjani ukuvuna kokubili amadoda nabesifazane.
I-osteoporosis
Amakhemikhali amaningi kanye nokwelashwa kwama-hormone angabangela ukulahlekelwa amathambo. Lokhu, nakho, kungaholela ekuqhekekeni. Kubalulekile ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokulinganisa isibalo sakho samathambo uma lokhu kungakenziwa, kanye nokuhlola izinga lakho levithamini D, njengokuntuleka kwe- vitamin D kungaholela ekutheni i-osteoporosis kanye nezinye izimo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo oluthile lubonisa ukuthi kwezinye zegciwane ingozi yokuphindaphinda ingase ibe yilabo bantu abanesithambile esanele D.
Ukukhubazeka ngokocansi
Ukukhubazeka ngokocansi kuyinkinga ejwayelekile kakhulu futhi eyanciphayo kubantu abaye basinda umdlavuza. I-Cancer ingabangela izinguquko zomzimba nezama-hormonal ezivimbela ukuthokozisa ngokobulili, futhi-ke, ukukhathazeka ngokomzwelo okudlala kulezi zinguquko zomzimba. Lesi sihloko ekukhuliseni ubulili bakho ngesikhathi sokwelapha umdlavuza sixoxa ngezimbangela ezithile, kanye namathiphu okuthuthukisa ubulili bakho ngemuva kokuphathwa kokwelapha okungenzeka ukuthi awuzange ufike engqondweni yakho.
I-Cancer Secondary
Eziningi zokwelapha umdlavuza zenzelwe ukulimaza i-DNA yamaseli ukuze kubangele ukufa kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza. Ngeshwa, amangqamuzana avamile avame ukuthinteka enkambisweni, engabangela ukuthuthukiswa komdlavuza eminyakeni engamashumi amathathu kamuva. I-Chemotherapy, ikakhulukazi izidakamizwa ezinjengama-alkylating agents, isibonelo, i-Cytoxan (cyclophosphamide,), i-topoisomerase inhibitors (isibonelo, i-Etoposide), nama-anthracycline (isibonelo, i-Adriamycin (doxorubicin) iyingozi kakhulu ye-cancer yesibini. kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhumbula ukuthi ingozi yalezi zomshukela ijwayele ukuqhathaniswa nezinzuzo zalezi zelashwa ekwelapheni umdlavuza oyinhloko.
Ezinye Imiphumela Yesikhashana
Ukwelashwa kwe-Cancer kungathinta cishe noma yisiphi isifunda noma isisetshenziswa somzimba emzimbeni. I-Lymphedema , umonakalo wezinso, i-fibrosis ye-pulmonary, ukubola kwezinyo, ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa, kanye ne-cataracts, ukubiza izinto ezimbalwa ezikhathazayo, zivame kakhulu kulabo abasinda umdlavuza kunabantu abaningi.
Ukuba Ummeli Emva Kwamayeza
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi oncologists kanye nodokotela ukunakekelwa okuyinhloko basebenza ndawonye ukuze benze ushintsho olubucayi kubantu abasinda emdlalweni. Abaningi be-oncologists basebenza neziguli zabo ukuze baqede "uhlelo lokunakekelwa kokuphepha" olubukeza ulwazi olulandelelisayo, izimpawu zokulinda, nolunye ulwazi lwabasindile abaqhubekayo. Uma ungenalo uhlelo lokunakekelwa kokuphepha, cela i-oncologist yakho ukuthi isebenze nawe ukuqedela eyodwa. Nasi isibonelo sesifanekiso secebo lokunakekelwa esakhiwe yi-Minnesota Care Alliance , Angikwazi ukugcizelela ngokwanele ukuthi kubaluleke kangakanani ukuba namakhophi amarekhodi akho ezokwelapha ezandleni ukuhamba nawe.
Njengoba umqondo "wokuphila komdlavuza" usanda kuba musha, abaningi abasengozini yomdlavuza basalokhu bezithola bewela phakathi kokuqhekeka ngemuva kokwelashwa. Ngaphezu kwesisodwa ngizwile ukuthi omunye umuntu waxoshwa yi-oncologist yabo, ebashiya benomuzwa wokuthi kufanele bababonge nje ukuthi basinda. Kodwa njengoba kuphawuliwe ngenhla, iningi labantu abaye basinda umdlavuza banemiphumela ehlala njalo. Kubalulekile ukuthi noma yiziphi izinkinga ozobhekana nazo, kodwa kuphela indlela abachwepheshe bezokwelapha abazokwazi ngayo ukukhathazeka kwakho uma ukhuluma.
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