Ukulinda Izimpawu Kungandisa Ingozi Yokutheleleka Ngegciwane lesandulela ngculaza, Ukudluliselwa
Ngaphandle kokungabaza, ukwazi izibonakaliso nezimpawu ze-HIV kubalulekile, okuvumela umuntu ukuba afune ukuhlolwa ngesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa ngenkathi evimbela ukusakazeka kwegciwane kwabanye.
Kodwa kukhona i-conundrum. Njengoba kunikezwe ukuthi ukutheleleka nge-HIV kungashintsha ngokuphawulekayo kumuntu nomuntu, ngezinkulumo ezihlukahlukene zesifo (noma ukuntuleka okuphelele), ingabe umuntu angaqinisekiswa ngempela ngokuthi "ukuphawula izimpawu" ze-HIV ngesikhathi sokuvimbela noma ukutheleleka noma ukudluliselwa ?
Ekugcineni, izimpawu ze-HIV azanele ukuzivikela wena noma abanye uma kuvimbela impendulo efika ngesikhathi futhi enolwazi. Ukwenza kanjalo kudinga ukuqonda ngokucacile ukubonakaliswa kwe-HIV kanye nokulinganiselwa kwalokho abakwazi ukusitshela khona ngempela.
Iqiniso # 1: Abantu abangama-60% Ngeke Abe Naso Izimpawu Phakathi Nezigaba Zokuqala ze-HIV
Uma ukutheleleka nge-HIV kwenzeka, abantu abangama-40% bazoba nezimpawu ezinjenge-flu, isimo esivame ukubhekwa njenge- acute retroviral syndrome (ARS) . Phakathi kwezici ze-ARS kukhona izilonda ze-lymph ezivuthayo (ngokuvamile ezungeze intamo, izimpukane, nokuvuthwa) futhi ngezikhathi ezithile i-morbilliform ukushisa (okungukuthi, indawo ebomvu, elinezimbungulu ezinamaphutha amancane).
Ngokuqinisekile ukukhomba lezi zimpawu kungase kuxwayise umuntu ukuba afune ukuhlolwa nokuphathwa okufanelekile, futhi kuhle. Kodwa kaningi, yizibonakaliso ezihambisana nokukhathazeka kakade ngesigameko socansi-noma ngabe amakhondomu awazange asetshenziswe noma umlingani wobulili wayengumuntu ongaziwa-okwenza uqaphile.
Ngesikhathi ukulinda izimpawu kungaba iphutha elibi. Ngokubambelela kuze kube yizibonakaliso ezibonakalayo, ngokuvamile phakathi kuka-7-14 emva kokuchayeka, umuntu uzolahlekelwa ithuba lokuthatha i- post-exposure prophylaxis (i-PEP) , i-course yezinsuku ezingu-28 zezidakamizwa ezingaphazamisa isifo uma ukwelashwa kuqalwa, kahle, kungakapheli amahora angu-24 kuya ku-36 okuvezwa.
Iqiniso # 2: Izimpawu ze-HIV, Uma Kukhona, Ngokuvamile Ngakho Okungaqondile Ukuthi Kulahlekelwe Iziguli Nodokotela Ngokufanayo
Njengamanje, e-US, kunabantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-1.2 abanesandulela ngculazi, 20-25% kubo abangatholakali. Abaningi abangatholakali, empeleni, bayazi ngokugcwele isimo sabo, kanti abanye bangase basolise isifo kodwa bangalokothi benze okuthile, noma besabe ukwesaba, ukubandlululwa noma ukwenqatshwa, noma ukuphikisana mayelana nokwelapha uqobo.
Ukuphika kwabo kuvame ukuxoshwa ngenxa yokungabi nampawu noma izimpawu ezingekho okucacile njengokuthi zilahlwe kalula njengenye into. Cabanga, isibonelo, ezinye zezimpawu ezivamile ze-ARS:
- Fever
- Ukukhathala
- Izinwele
- Umphimbo obuhlungu
- Ubuhlungu besisu nobuhlangene
Bese ucabangela impendulo lapho izimpawu ziphela, njengoba zizokwenza. Ukuxazulula izimpawu ngesikhathi esibizwa ngokuthi i- acute stage ngokuvamile kuphutha njengesiqiniseko sokuthi ukungenwa kwegciwane lesandulela ngculazi akukenzekanga, okuvumela lowo muntu ukuba ahambe angaphathwa kabi iminyaka futhi angabangela abanye. Kuyiphutha futhi kuyingozi kakhulu.
Iqiniso # 3: Ukubonakala Kwezimpawu Kungase Kuthathe Iminyaka, Ngaliphi Isikhathi Ukulimala Okungenakwenzeka Kwomzimba Kungenzeka Kwenzeke
Izifo ezithandwayo (OIs) yizo ezitholakala uma izivikelo zomzimba zomuntu ziphelile njengoba zivumela izifo, ngokuvamile ezingenabungozi kubantu abaphilile, ukubonakala ngokungazelelwe.
Phakathi naleso okuthiwa isiteleka esifanele sokutheleleka, uma i-HIV ihlasela kancane kancane futhi ibulala amangqamuzana e-CD4 + avikela, izimpawu zingase zibe yinto encane ngisho nalapho umsebenzi wokuzivikela omzimba ubhekwa njengephansi. Kungase kubonakale izifo zesikhumba, ngaphandle kokuphathwa kalula, noma ukukhathala okuphelele umuntu angase abize kunoma iyiphi inombolo yezinto (isb., Umsebenzi, umndeni, iminyaka).
Kodwa uma ukutheleleka nge-HIV kuvunyelwe ukuba kungaphathwa kabi, kanti inani le-CD4 liyehlisela ngaphansi kuka-200, amathuba okuba nomcimbi omkhulu kakhulu. Futhi nakuba isenzakalo esinjalo singase siphathwe, izindleko zemisebenzi yakho ye-immune, empeleni, ziphakeme.
Kunemiphumela eminingi eyaziwayo ekuqalisweni kwesikhathi eside kwe-antiretroviral therapy, ikakhulukazi kwiziguli ezinezibalo ze-CD4 ezingaphansi kuka-200. Phakathi kwazo:
- Ukubunzima okukhulu ekuvuseleleni umsebenzi wokuzivikela omzimba emazingeni ajwayelekile ngokuhambisana neziguli ezinezibalo eziphezulu ezisezingeni eliphezulu le-CD4
- Amanani aphakeme ahlobene nemithi yokwelashwa kanye nokubekezelelana kwezidakamizwa
- Ingozi enkulu ye-non-HIV-related comorbidities (njengezifo zenhliziyo, ukwelapha , izinkinga ze-neurologic, njll) ngenxa yeminyaka yokuvuvukala okungapheli okungahlosiwe okuhlobene nokutheleleka kwe-HIV eside
- Ukulahlekelwa eminyakeni yokuphila (kuqhathaniswa nokuphila okujwayelekile okulindelwe kulabo abaqala ukwelashwa ekuqaleni)
Yini Lokho Okushiwo Ngempela?
Umlayezo ucacile: izimpawu zodwa azike zithole ukuthi kune-HIV. Ungalokothi. Ukuhlolwa kwe-HIV kuphela kuzokwenza. Nazi imithetho embalwa ongayilandela ukuze uqinisekise kangcono ukuthi wenza ukhetho olunolwazi, noma ngabe izimpawu zikhona noma cha:
- Uma ukholelwa ukuthi utholakale ne-HIV, ungalindi ukubona ukuthi unayo yini izimpawu zokutshela. Hamba ngokushesha emtholampilo wangakini noma ekamelweni lokuphuthumayo bese uqala inkambo ye-post-exposure prophylaxis (i-PEP), okuyinto izinhlelo eziningi zomshuwalense kuzozihlanganisa.
- Awunayo ukulinda kuze kwenzeke okuthile okwenziwe ukuhlolwa kwe-HIV. Okwamanje kunconywa ukuthi wonke amaMelika aneminyaka eyi-15-65 ahlolwe i-HIV njengengxenye yokuvakasha kukadokotela njalo. Abanye, kuhlanganise namadoda amasha alala nobulili namadoda (MSM) , kufanele ahlolwe njalo. Ukuhlolwa kwe-HIV okuyimfihlo kuyatholakala, kanye nokutholakala kwezentengiso, ukuhlolwa kwe-saliva ekhaya.
- Ungalahlekelwa iminyaka yokuphila ngokungadingekile uma ukwelashwa kwanamuhla kungakuqinisekisa ukuthi uyaphila, uphila impilo enempilo. Ngaphandle kokungabaza, izinzuzo zokwelapha zakuqala zidlula zonke izingozi ezingenzeka, ngezidakamizwa ezintsha ezenzelwe ukukhiqiza amaphilisi aphansi kanye nemiphumela emibi kakhulu.
- Uma ungenayo igciwane lesandulela ngculaza kodwa usemngciphekweni ophezulu wokutheleleka (ngenxa yokusetshenziswa okungahambisani nekhondomu, abalingani abaningi bezocansi, ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa / utshwala, i-HIV serodiscordancy), ukuhlola i-HIV ngaphambi-exposure prophylaxis (i-PrEP) ukunciphisa amathuba okuthola i-HIV .
Imithombo:
Cohen, M .; Gay, C .; Busch, P .; noHecht, F. "Ukutholakala kokutheleleka okutheleleka ngegciwane lesandulela ngculaza." I-Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2010; 202 (Supplement2): S270-S277.
Smith, D .; Grohskopf, L .; Omnyama, R., et al. "I-Antiretroviral Postexposure Prophylaxis Ngemuva kokusetshenziswa kwezocansi, ukulimala-ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa, noma ukunye ukuvezwa okungahambi kahle kwe-HIV e-United States." Ukulimala nokufa Ukubika ngeviki. NgoJanuwari 21, 2005; 55 (RR02): 1-20.
Amasevisi aseMelika okuLawula nokuvimbela izifo (CDC). "I-CDC Fact Sheets | I-HIV e-United States: Izinyathelo Zokunakekela." I-Atlanta, Georgia; eshicilelwe ngoJulayi 2012.
Hasse, B,; Ledergerber, B .; U-Egger, M., et al. "Ukuguga futhi (okungekho-okuhlobene ne-HIV) Ukuhlukunyezwa kwabantu abane-HIV: Isifundo seSwitzerland Cohort (SHCS)." I-18th Conference kwi-Retroviruses kanye nezifo ezithathelwanayo (CROI). IBoston, eMassachusetts; Februwari 27-Mashi 2, 2011; abstract 792.
Moyer, V. "Ukuhlolwa kwe-HIV: Isitatimende Sokuncoma Sezinsizakusebenza Ze-US Preventive Services." Ngo-Ephreli 30, 2013. Ama-Annal of Medicine Internal. Ngo-Ephreli 30, 2013; i-doi: 10.7326 / 0003-4819-159-1-201307020-00645.