Uhlolojikelele lwezimpawu ze-HIV
Inkambo yegciwane lesandulela ngculaza ihluka kusuka komuntu kuya komuntu njengoba yenza izimpawu nezimpawu zokutheleleka. Ezimweni eziningi, i-HIV ngeke ihambisane nanoma yiziphi izimpawu eziphawulekayo iminyaka, ngisho nangamashumi eminyaka, ngesikhathi esisodwa. Kuvame ukuphela uma lesi sifo sithuthuka-kancane kancane sidonsa amandla omzimba njengoba ibulala ama- CD-T evikela ukuvikela - ukuthi izimpawu ze-HIV zibonakala ngokugcwele. Ngeshwa, lokhu kuyisiteji lapho lesi sifo sithuthukile kakhulu futhi ngokuvamile kunzima kakhulu ukuphatha.
Ukwazi izimpawu zokutheleleka nge-HIV kubalulekile ukukuqondisa ekuhlolweni, ukunakekelwa kanye nokwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi. Kodwa yedwa akufanele kube isizathu sokuba uhlole. Uma usola ukuthi usuke utholakale ne-HIV, noma manje noma kunini esikhathini esidlule, ungalindeli ukuthi izimpawu zivele . Hlola manje. Yindlela kuphela yokukwazi ngokuqinisekile ukuthi une-HIV. Ngokwenza kanjalo, ungaqiniseka kangcono impilo yakho yesikhathi eside kuphela kodwa impilo yabakuzungezile.
Izinkomba ezingapheli ezihambisana nesikhathi eside
Izigaba ze-HIV zivame ukuchazwa ngokuthi ziyinkimbinkimbi noma engavamile. Lokhu kubalulekile ukuqonda ngoba izinhlobo zezibonakaliso umuntu angazibona zingase zingabonisi nje ukuthi umuntu usulele-kungabuye kubonise indlela ukutheleleka kwamuva noma okuthuthukako okungenzeka kube khona.
- Ukutheleleka okunamandla kwegciwane lesandulela ngculazi kubhekisela esikhathini lapho umzimba uqala ukuphendula khona phambi kwegciwane futhi uhlasele umvikeli wokuvikela omzimba. Ngalesi sikhathi, cishe amaphesenti angu-40 abantu bazobona izimpawu ezifana ne-flu njengoba umzimba ulwa nokulawula ukutheleleka. Ngenkathi ezinye zezibonakaliso zingase zenziwe jikelele futhi ezingeyona ecacile, kungenzeka ukuthi abanye bangasikisela ukutheleleka okukhulu- ikakhulukazi uma kube khona ingozi yamuva yokuvezwa.
- Ukutheleleka okungenasifo kwe-HIV , ngokuphambene, kubhekisela esikhathini esilandelayo lapho izimpawu ezinzima zixazululwe. Kwabanye, ukuxazulula izimpawu (noma ukuntuleka kwezimpawu) kungase kube ubufakazi bokuthi ukutheleleka kugwenywe. Kodwa iqiniso elilula ukuthi eziningi zezibonakaliso ze-HIV ezingapheli zingabonakali futhi zingase zihlale iminyaka eminingi ngesikhathi igciwane lichitha ngokuthula ukuzivikela komzimba. Kuvame ukuphela uma ukuzivikela kuphulwa ukuthi izibonakaliso zokuqala zokugula zivela, kuhambisane nokushaywa kwezimpawu ezikhombisa ukutheleleka isikhathi eside kunomunye owodwa.
Izimpawu eziyisithupha eziphezulu ze-HIV
Lezi zingahle zihlukaniswe njengezivame ukubonwa phakathi kwesigaba esicacile noma esingapheli sokutheleleka (futhi ngezikhathi zombili):
I-Rash engaqondakali. Ukushona kuvame ukuthi kube uphawu lokuqala lokutheleleka okunamandla, nakuba luvele luvele kulabo abahlanu abasanda kugula. Ngokuvamile okuthiwa " ukuqhuma kwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza ," kunokubonakala okucacile ukuthi odokotela bavame ukuchazwa ngokuthi yi-maculopapular. Ngencazelo, i- rash maculopapular enye ekhonjiswe ezindaweni eziphakanyisiwe, ezibomvu ezibomvu zesikhumba ezigcwele amancane, ama-pimple-like bumps ngokuvamile ahlangana ndawonye.
Ngenkathi izifo eziningi zingabangela lolu hlobo lokushayeka, ngesikhathi sokutheleleka kwe-HIV okunamandla ukuvuthwa kuzoba nomthelela kakhulu ezingxenyeni ezingenhla zomzimba, ngezinye izikhathi kuhambisane nezilonda emagqabeni amancane omlomo noma ezithombeni. Izimpawu ezinjenge-flu zibuye zivame. Iziqhumane ngokuvamile zixazulula phakathi kweyodwa kuya kwamasonto amabili. Ukwelashwa kwe-HIV kufanele kuqalwe uma ukutheleleka sekuqinisekisiwe.
Ukuvuvukala kwama-Lymph Glands. Ama-lymph glands (awaziwa nangokuthi i- lymphadenopathy ) avame ukukhona esigabeni esinzima se-HIV. Ukuvame ukubonakala entanyeni, ngezansi noma ngemuva kwendlebe, ekuguleni, noma ngaphansi kwe-armpit, i-lymphadenopathy ayikwazi ubuhlungu kuphela kepha ingabhekana nezimo ezinzima kakhulu. Abantu ngezinye izikhathi badideka yi-lymphadenopathy, bekholelwa ukuthi kuyisibonakaliso se-"lymph node" esesifo. Uma ngabe kukhona, kubonisa ukuthi kunomthelela omkhulu wokuzivikela omzimba njengoba umzimba uhlose ukulwa ne-agent ephethe igciwane lesandulela ngculaza.
I-Lymphadenopathy phakathi nesigaba esibucayi ngokuvamile ijwayelekile, okusho ukuthi kwenzeka ezinkundleni ezimbili noma ngaphezulu emzimbeni. Lapho ama-node ekhudlwana kunezingamamitha amabili (cishe ngamasentimitha) futhi ahlala ezinyangeni ezingaphezu kwezintathu, ngokuvamile kuthiwa yi-lymphadenopathy ejwayelekile eqhubekayo, noma i-PGL. I-PGL ingaqhubeka kahle esigabeni esingapheli sokutheleleka futhi kungathatha izinyanga, noma ngisho neminyaka, ukuyixazulula ngokugcwele. Ukwenziwa kwe- antiretroviral therapy ngokuvamile kusiza ukuxazulula isimo ngokunciphisa ukuvuvukala kwezinga eliphansi elihambisana nokutheleleka okungapheli.
I-Oral Thrush. Sonke sasinomlomo osasa-leso sidlo, inhlanhla enambithayo evutha umlomo wakho ekuseni ekuseni uma uvuka. Kodwa kuthiwani uma ukunambitheka okungalungile nokugqoka okumhlophe akuhambanga ne-brushing elula? Khona-ke ungase ube nesignali evamile kakhulu yokutheleleka nge-HIV-thrush. Eyaziwa nangokuthi i- candidiasis , i- thrush iyisifo sofuba esihlobene nesimiso somzimba esibuthakathaka futhi ngokuvamile singaba uphawu lokuqala lokugula okusondelayo. Nakuba ngokuvamile kubonakala emlonyeni, i-candidiasis ingabonakala nasemphinjeni nasesiswini.
Nakuba i-candidiasis ingenzeka ngenxa yocingo lezinhlobo ezingekho ne-HIV, livame kakhulu kubantu abanegciwane lesandulela ngculazi elinikezwe phambili ukuthi banikeze isimo sokuqhubeka nokukhulelwa komzimba. Njengalokhu, sivame ukubona ama-candidiasis ngaphezulu kubantu abanezibalo eziphansi kakhulu ze- CD4 (ngaphansi kwama-200 amaseli / mL). Eqinisweni, ukusabalalisa kwe-candidiasis kuphakame kakhulu kubantu abane-HIV ekhuthele okwamanje njengendlela yokuchaza i- AIDS uma bethula ngaphakathi kwe-bronchi, i-trachea, isophagus, noma amaphaphu. Nakuba izidakamizwa ezingenayo i- antitifungal zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-thrush, ukuqaliswa kwe-HIV yokwelashwa kungasiza ekuvuseleleni ukusebenza komzimba, kungcono ukunciphisa ingozi yokubukeka.
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Yiziphi izimpawu ze-HIV / AIDS Abesifazane Okumele Bayiqaphele?
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I-Symptoms Eyona Iningi Ejwayelekile
Izifo Ezidluliselwa Ngculazi. Ukuba nezifo ezithathelwana ngocansi (STD) akusho ukuthi unesandulela ngculazi, kodwa ngokuqinisekile kuphakamisa izigxobo-ukwandisa ukutholakala komuntu ongenayo igciwane lesandulela ngculaza, kanye nokutheleleka komuntu ngamunye one-HIV. Akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi ama-STD angakwazi ukuhlinzeka nge-HIV ngendlela eqondile yokungena emzimbeni ngokusebenzisa izilonda ezivulekile nezilonda, zingabangela ukuvuvukala okwenzela ngokoqobo ama-CD4 amangqamuzana kusayithi lokutheleleka-okungaqondakali, yiwo kanye amangqamuzana ahlose ukutheleleka nge-HIV.
Ucwaningo lubonise nokuthi i-STD ingandisa ukwanda kwegciwane lesandulela-ngculazi emzimbeni nasezikhuzeni zangasese , ngokuphakamisa amathuba okutheleleka ngisho naphakathi kwalabo abakwelashwa ngokweqile ngokutheleleka kwe-antiretroviral. Ngenxa yalokho, umuntu otheleleke nge-HIV kanye nesifo se-STD cishe amathuba amaningi okutheleleka kathathu kunomuntu one-HIV kuphela. Ukusetshenziselwa ikhondomu okuhambisanayo kusekhona izindlela zokuvimbela ukusakazwa kwe-HIV nezinye izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi.Ukukhipha ama-Sweats Night. Asikhulumi isithukuthezi ngenxa yomkhuhlane noma umkhuhlane wesinye isikhathi. Sisho okungaqondakali, ukugcoba ama-sweats ebusuku ukuthi angangena emaphepheni akho embhedeni. Izithukuthuku zasebusuku (ezaziwa nangokuthi i- hyperhidrosis yokulala ) zenzeka njalo kubantu abanegciwane lesandulela ngculaza, noma ngenxa yegciwane lesandulela ngculaza elingenakutholakali noma njengomphumela oqondile we-HIV ngokwayo. Yize noma yiliphi inani lezifo lingabangela ukukhukhumeza ebusuku, zivame kakhulu kubantu abane-HIV ekhulele ukutheleleka futhi zibonakalise nge-profuse, ukunciphisa ukuphefumula ngaphandle kwesizathu esizwakalayo.
Ngesikhathi ubusuku buzikhukhumeza ngokwazo azilimazi, zingabonisa ukuthi isimo sezokwelashwa esibi kakhulu, esiyinkimbinkimbi. Isifo sofuba nezinye izifo ezihlobene negciwane lesandulela ngculazi (kubandakanya i- Mycobacterium avium complex and histoplasmosis ) ziphakathi kwezifo ezivame ukuhambisana nesimo. Noma yikuphi isiqephu se-sweats ebusuku kufanele singanakwa futhi kufanele siqinisekise ukuhlolwa kwe-HIV ngokushesha kanye nophenyo olubanzi lwebhu.Ngokungazelelwe, Ukulahlekelwa Isisindo Esikhulu. Ngokungazelelwe, ukulahlekelwa isisindo okungavamile kungavamile phakathi kwabantu abanesandulela-ngculaza eside-ngokuvamile ezigabeni eziphambili kakhulu zesifo. Kodwa-ke, uma kubhekwa ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo okungenani amaphesenti ayishumi futhi kuhambisane nomkhuhlane kanye nesifo sohudo isikhathi esingama-30 noma ngaphezulu, lesi simo singasetshenziswa ngokwemithi njenge- HIV ukuchitha .
Ngokungafani nokukhukhumeza ebusuku, ukuchitha i-HIV akubanga isizathu ngaphandle kwe-HIV ngokwayo. Futhi ngenkathi ukwelashwa kwe-antiretroviral yesimanje kuye kwehlisa ukukhubazeka kubantu abanesandulela ngculazi, cishe amaphesenti angama-34 namanje athola isilinganiso esithile sokulahlekelwa kwesisindo esingachaziwe. Ukuhlolelwa i-HIV kufanele kufakwe njalo njengengxenye yokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha uma ubhekana nokulahlekelwa kwesisindo ngokuzumayo, futhi ikakhulukazi, ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo somzimba esibucayi). Ngaphezu kokuthola ukwelashwa kwe-HIV, uFulyzaq (crofelemer) , umuthi ogunyazwe yi-US Food and Drug Administration, uyakwazi ukuphatha kangcono ukuhuda kwesifo se-HIV.
> Imithombo:
> Cohen, M .; Gay, C .; Busch, P .; noHecht, F. "Ukutholakala kokutheleleka okutheleleka ngegciwane lesandulela ngculaza." I-Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2010; 202 (Supplement2): S270-S277.
> Izikhungo Zikazwelonke Zempilo (NIH). "Imihlahlandlela Yokuvimbela Nokunakekelwa Kwezifo Ezingavamile Ezinganeni Ezikhulelwe Ne-Adolescent". AIDSInfo; I-Bethesda, e-Maryland; kufinyelelwe ngoJulayi 21, 2016.