Kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa ukuziphatha kwe-autistic ebubini obuvamile
Ungatshela kanjani ukuthi ukuziphatha okubi kungumphumela wezibonakaliso ze-autistic noma uma kungabi nobubi obuvamile ? Akulula ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kokuziphatha "kwe-autistic" nokuziphatha okungalungile. Eziningi zokuziphatha ezijwayelekile zezingane ku-spectrum zingase zithathwe izinkinga zokuziphatha kwezinye izingane. Ngokwesibonelo:
- Izingane ezine-autism zingase zishaye noma zikhale lapho zicindezelekile noma zikhungathekile
- Ezinye izingane ze-autistic zibopha ekamelweni, zishaya abanye, noma zizilimaza ngokwabo uma zicasuliwe
- Izingane ezingxenyeni zingase zingabhekane ngqo nomuntu lapho ekhuluma
- Izingane ezigunyazayo zingaduma , zifake, noma zihambe lapho kulindeleke ukuba zihlale zimile
- Izingane ezine-autism zingase zithinte futhi zingazinaki ezenzakalweni noma emizweni ebazungezile
- Esikoleni, izingane ezine-autism zingase zibe ngaphezulu noma zenzeke phansi kwezinye izicelo noma izidingo zabanye (isibonelo, ukuxosha ezinye izingane emgqeni noma ukungazinaki izicelo zokuhambisa noma ukuphuthuma)
Kodwa lokho kuyisiqephu se-iceberg ngoba izingane ze-autistic zingase zibe nesikhathi esinzima kakhulu ukulawula izimpendulo zabo kumuntu omdala noma othandana naye. Mhlawumbe lezi zibonelo zizwakala zijwayele:
- Ugogo uzokuvakashela. Ubona umzukulu wakhe we-autistic, uvula izingalo zakhe, futhi ucele ukumbamba okukhulu. Umzukulu ugijima ngendlela ehlukile ngejubane eliphezulu. Umkhulu uyamlandela futhi umnike lowo okhukhumezayo, nje kuphela ukuba avuzwe ngokukhahlela emakhaleni.
- Ugogo unikeza umzukulu wakhe we-autistic isipho, futhi umzukulu wakhe, eneminyaka lapho kufanele azi kangcono, uthi "Angikuthandi lokhu! Ngangifuna ___!"
- Othandana nomusa esikoleni uyavumelana nosuku lokudlala futhi uzithola enganaki amahora ambalwa ngenkathi umphathi we-autistic edlala yedwa. Okubi kakhulu, isivakashi singase sichithe amahora amabili, "ungathinti lokho!"
Konke lokhu kuziphatha kungaba namahloni, futhi konke kungabangela ukulimala noma ngisho nemizwa evuthayo. Kodwa zonke ziyizinto ezijwayelekile ze-autism, futhi, ezimweni eziningi, zibangelwa izinselele zokuzwa, zokuxhumana, noma zokuziphatha eziyingxenye ye-autism.
Ukuhlukanisa ukuziphatha okuzenzakalelayo ekungcoleni okubi
Iziphathamandla zokuzimela zivame ukuba ngumphumela wezinselelo ezimbalwa eziqondile kakhulu. Ngoba wonke umuntu one-autism uhlukile, izinselele zizobonakala zihlukile kumntwana ngamunye kodwa zikhona, ngezinga elithile, kunoma ngubani otholwe kahle nge-autism spectrum disorder.
Abantu abane-autism cishe bahlale becindezela noma behluleka ukuzwakala, ukukhanya, iphunga, nokuthinta. Ingane ebalekela u-Grandma ingase iphendule iphunga lamafutha alo. Ingane eyayizonda izimbongolo ingase ingawuthandi ukuzwa kocingo kodwa empeleni uzizwe uthandana nomuntu okhukhulayo. Izinselele ezinengqondo zingase zibe yizizathu zokuthi "ukuziphatha okubi" lapho kuqhumeni elikhulu noma elikhulu, kucindezelwa phakathi kwabantu abasebenzisa inthanethi, njalonjalo. Ungazitshela kanjani uma izinkinga ezithinta izinkinga zidala inkinga?
- Buza . Uma ingane yakho isho amazwi, kungenzeka ukuthi ikwazi ukuchaza ngokuziphatha uma ibuzwa.
- Buka . Uma ingane yakho ifihlile izindlebe zakhe ngenkathi iphuma egumbini, kunengqondo ukucabanga ukuthi okuthile mayelana nokukhala ekamelweni kubangela inkinga.
- Gcina amathebhu ekuziphatheni. Uma ingane yakho ikwazi ukuphatha isonto, kodwa ngesinye isikhathi iba phezulu noma iphume egumbini, kuyacaca ukuthi into ethize eyenziwe ibangele ukuziphatha. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma ukuziphatha kungaguquguquki, kungase kube nenselelo eqhubekayo yenzwa emvelweni. Kungaba into encane njenge-buzz kusuka ekukhanyeni kwe-fluorescent.
Izinselele Zokuxhumana Komphakathi
Wonke umuntu onesimo se-autism unenkinga enzima ngokuxhumana nabantu ngezinga elilodwa noma elinye. Kungaba nzima noma kungenakwenzeka ukuba "ufunde" imizwelo yabanye noma kungase kube nzima kakhulu ukugwema ukungaziphathi kahle imizwa yabanye.
Kungaba nzima kakhulu "ukubuka nokulingisa" ukuziphatha kwabanye ". Iqiniso lokuthi abanye bahlezi namanje futhi ukuthula kungenzeka babhalise ingane ye-autistic. Ungatshela kanjani ukuthi ingane yakho inenkinga yokuxhumana nabantu?
- Qaphela injongo yengane yakho. Izinkinga zokuxhumana nabantu zingenza kube nzima ingane ene-autism ukutshela lapho izenzo zakhe zingase zilimaze. Ukuhamba ngokweqile noma isifiso sokwenza into ehlukile kungase kubonakale kunomqondo omuhle, kodwa kunethuba elihle kakhulu ukuthi ingane yakho ayiqapheli ukuthi iziphathamandla zakhe zingathinta kanjani abanye.
- Khumbula ukuthi ingane yakho inokulibaziseka kwentuthuko. Umuntfu oneminyaka eyishumi nambili ubudala kufanele akwazi ukubonga umkhulu ngesipho angafuni ngempela. Umuntu oneminyaka eyisishiyagalombili ubudala angeke akwazi ukusingatha lesi simo. Izingane ezine-autism zivame ukuba zingakapheli iminyaka yobudala: intsha engumlenze ingaziphatha kahle njengengane encane kakhulu.
- Qaphela ukuthi imfundo inikezwa kanjani. Utitjhere uthi ingane yakho ihlukumezeka ngokusuka emgqeni, ithatha isikhathi eside ngokwengeziwe ekuphenduleni, njalonjalo. Kodwa izingane ezine-autism, ngoba zijwayele ukufunda ngokulingisa, zidinga imfundo eqondile ekulindeni kokuziphatha. Ingabe uthisha empeleni watshela ingane yakho ngemithetho yokudlala? Nikeza izesekeli ezibukwayo nezindaba zenhlalo? Uma kungenjalo, ingane yakho yayifanele ikwazi kanjani imithetho?
Izinselele Zokuziphatha
Izimo zokuziphatha "Autistic" zivame ukuzibonakalisa ngoba zivame ukuhluke kakhulu ekuziphatheni okujwayelekile. Ngenxa yalokho, kufanele ukwazi ukutshela shazi ukuthi ubona ukuziphatha okubi noma izimpawu ze-autistic. Nakhu okumele ubheke:
- Ukuzivuselela (ukuvuselela). Abantu abaningi abane-autism basebenzise ukuziphatha okungavamile ngokomzimba njengokugwedla, ukuhamba ngezimoto, ukuguqa iminwe, nokumamatheka ukuze bazinze futhi bahlale begxile. Uma ubona ukuziphatha okunjalo, ungaqiniseka ngokuphelele ukuthi akuyona indlela yokuziphatha okungalungile.
- Ukuntuleka kokuxhumana kwamehlo. Kubantu abaningi abane-autism, ukuxhumana kwamehlo kungaba nzima uma kungenakwenzeka ukuphatha, ikakhulukazi phakathi nengxoxo. Yize kungenzeka ukuthi ufundise umuntu nge-autism ukuze alondoloze amehlo, ukungabi nalutho akuyona indlela yokuziphatha okungalungile.
- Ukuzihlukumeza. Kwezinye izimo, ikakhulukazi (kodwa hhayi kuphela) kubantu abane-autism enamandla, ukuzithokozisa kuvamile. Ukubheka isikhumba, ukuqoqa isikhumba nezinye izinto zokuziphatha akuhlosile kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kungaphazamisa futhi kufanele kulawulwe.
- Ukungabi nokugxila noma ukunakekelwa. Abantu abane-autism bangase bakuthole kulula ukugxila kokuthile futhi kunzima kakhulu ukugxila kwabanye. Ngokuvamile, baya khona bengabonakali ukwenza kanjalo. Ngesinye isikhathi, abahambanga ngoba banenkinga enzima elandela ukukhuluma okusheshayo noma imibono engabonakali. Ngokuvamile kakhulu, bazinaki ngenhloso isikhulumi.
- Ukushaya umsindo noma ukufaka i-bolting. Ngenkathi izingane ezine-autism zikwazi ukwenza umsindo noma zishiya ekamelweni ukuze zicasule, kungenzeka ukuthi zenza ezinye izizathu. Kungenzeka ukuthi bayabambaza, bahlambalaza, noma baxoxisana ukuze bazolile, noma baxoshe ekamelweni ukuze babalekele esimweni esibucayi. Njengomzali, ngokuvamile uzokwazi ukutshela umehluko.
Ukukhuluma Nezimvume Zokugunyaza
Ngakho-ke uye waqaphela ukuthi ukuziphatha kwengane yakho akuyona "ukungalungi" kodwa, esikhundleni salokho, "ukuziphatha kwe-autistic". Manje?
Yebo, awukwazi ukwenza lutho. Futhi kwezinye izimo, lokho kunengqondo ngokuphelele. Kungani ingane yakho ingabi ngedwala, i-flick, noma ijubane? Uma engalimazi muntu futhi engenzi izinkinga, kungani enkingeni?
Kodwa-ke, ngokuvamile, ukuziphatha kwe-autistic, ngenkathi kungenhloso, kungabangela izinkinga ezibalulekile. Bangabangela amahloni (kokubili wena nomntanakho), dala imizwa ebuhlungu noma imizwa evuthayo, noma uhole ingane yakho ukuba ichithelwe noma ingabandakanywa eqenjini elibalulekile, umsebenzi, noma ukulungiselelwa. Yini ongayenza ngalokho? Ungathatha isinyathelo emazingeni amaningi ahlukene, kuye ngokuthi kubaluleka kanjani isimo, amakhono kanye nezinselele zomntanakho, kanye nefilosofi yakho. Nasi uhlu lokukhethwa kukho:
- Nikeza imfundo eqondile . Uma ingane yakho ikwazi ukuphendula futhi isenze imilayezo eqondile, yinikeze! Sebenzisa amagama, ividiyo, imodeli, ukujwayela (ukuphindaphinda), nezindaba zenhlalo ukufundisa ingane yakho ukuthi uziphathe kanjani esontweni noma emakhonsathini, ukuthi uphendule kanjani ngokukhululekile kunogogo nomkhulu, noma ukuthi ungene kanjani emcimbini wokuzalwa. Ayikho enye yalezi zinto ezizovela kumntwana wakho, kodwa ezimweni eziningi, ukufundiswa nokuphindaphinda yizihluthulelo zokuphumelela.
- Izinselele ezilula. I-perfume enamandla kaGogo ibangela umzukulu wakhe ukuba abaleke ngakho ukukhetha okungcono ukuthi "hey, bigama, ungagqoki lawo mafutha." Ngokufanayo, ungakwazi ukugwema ukucindezela ingane engathandeki izingxube, ufake ama-incandescent ama uma ama-fluorescents abangela inkinga, yehlisa izinga lokuzwakalayo ku-TV, futhi ngaleyo ndlela wenze impilo ikhululeke . Ungakwazi ukucela izindawo ezifanayo esikoleni, nakuba kunzima ukuzitholela esimweni esifakiwe.
- Khetha izilungiselelo nezimo ngokunakekelwa. Uma ingane yakho ye-autistic izonda ama-movie amakhulu, ungahambi kuma-movie amakhulu. Ngaphandle kwalokho, i-headphones yokuvimbela umsindo ingenza izinga lokuzwakala likhululeke. Cabanga ukuya emicimbi ye-autism-friendly, noma ukhetha abafundisi abonakala sengathi "bathola" ingane yakho.
- Khulisa isikhumba esinyene. Abazali bezingane abane-autism cishe bahlangabezana nezimo ezinamahloni ngezikhathi ezithile. Ababelethi abanomzimba onomzimba onomzimba onomzimba onomzimba onomzimba obunomzimba obunomzimba obunomzimba obunomzimba obunomzimba obunomzimba obunomzimba obunomzimba obomvu. Ukubheja okungcono kakhulu? Dlula kuyo!
- Shintsha isimo ngokuphelele. Kwezinye izimo, isikole somntwana wakho, ikhaya lakho, ukukhetha komsebenzi wakho, noma indawo yakho kungase kudingeke ushintshe. Lokhu kungase kuzwakale njengokuphendula okwedlulele, kodwa uma isikole somntanakho singakwazi ukukhonza izidingo zakhe, omakhelwane bakho abanakubekezelelana, noma imisebenzi yakho ekhethiwe ayinakwenzeka kumntwana wakho we-autistic, kungadingeka ucabangele izinketho ezifana nesikole sangasese, okuhlukile indawo, noma ushintsho emisebenzini yakho.
Ukukhuluma Ngokuziphatha Okungalungile
Akekho umzali omuhle ozojezisa ingane ngokuziphatha okufanelekayo noma okungahambisani nayo. Izingane ziyakhala. Abantwana abaneminyaka emibili balwa nokuqeqeshwa kwangasese. AmaTweens adinga usizo lokuphatha isikhathi sabo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, akekho umzali omuhle ongenza kube lula futhi kuyamukeleke ukuba ingane yakho ilale, ithole, ibuhlungu imizwa yabanye, noma iphathe ngendlela ezenza zijabhe zona noma kwabanye.
Kuzama ukukusho (noma ukuvumela abanye ukuthi bathi) "Oh kahle, ukhulelwe, ngakho angizange ngilindele okuningi." Kodwa nakuba kunengqondo ukushintsha ukulindela nokuguqula izimo ngokusekelwe ezidingo ezikhethekile, wonke umuntu udinga-futhi kufaneleka-kokubili ukuhlela nokulinganisa . Ngaphandle kwala mathuluzi, akunakwenzeka ukwakha ukuzithiba, ikhono elibaluleke kakhulu ekuzimele, ekuqineni, empumelelweni nasekuzithembeni.
Njenganoma yimuphi omunye ingane, ngakho-ke, umsebenzi wakho njengomzali uwuku:
- Setha futhi ukhulume imikhawulo kanye nokulindela. Ukulimaza abantu (ngokomzimba noma ngokomzwelo) akulungile. Noma akuqamba amanga, ukwenza okuthile uma ungazilawula, nokunye. Wonke umuntu udinga ukwazi ukulinganiselwa nokulindela kwawo; izingane ezine-autism zingadinga ukufunda ngalezo zimingcele ngokuqondile, ngokufundisa, amathuluzi okubukwa, izindaba zomphakathi, nezinye izindlela.
- Qaphela ukuziphatha okungalungile. Uyazi amakhono wengane yakho, ngakho-ke kuningi lwezimo, uzokwazi ukuthi uyaqamba amanga, ngokungazinaki iziyalezo zakho, noma ukulimaza omunye umuntu.
- Phendula ngokushesha futhi ngokucacile. Uma ubamba ingane yakho ye-autistic ihlukumezeka, kuzodingeka ukuthi ucacise ngokucacile ngokuthi yiyiphi inkinga, kungani kungalungile, nokuthi uzizwa kanjani ngakho. I-Sarcasm, "ihlombe elibandayo," noma amanye amasu angase aqondwe kahle noma anganakwa ngokuphelele.
- Nikeza imiphumela enenjongo, ehambisanayo. Kuzo zonke izindawo zomhlaba, ukuziphatha okubi kwengane yakho kuzobangela imiphumela yaso engalungile (okusanhlamvu ngamabomu phansi) akusho ukuthi akukho okusanhlamvu kwasekuseni). Ngezinye izikhathi, noma kunjalo, imiphumela ebalulekile kumntanakho, akukho TV, isibonelo, ingasebenza kakhulu.
- Nika inkxaso yokuthuthukisa ukuziphatha. Ezinye izingane ziphendula kahle ekuzuzeni imivuzo yokuziphatha okuhle (sidle ukudla kwasekuseni kahle ngesonto futhi ngizokwenza ukudla okuthandayo ngeSonto). Izingane ezine-autism ngokuvamile zidinga ukuqiniswa ngokushesha emsebenzini owenziwe kahle; okungaba ngendlela yokwelashwa okuncane, ama-high fives, noma ukumomotheka okukhulu.
- Isaziso futhi uphendule ekuziphatheni okuhle. Kubalulekile ukuba ulalele lapho ingane yakho iziphatha kahle futhi icacile kakhulu ngalokho okuhle mayelana nezenzo zabo. Isibonelo, "Joey, wenza umsebenzi omkhulu ngokuhlanganyela ithoyizi yakho nodadewabo."