Funda ukuthi i-papillomavirus yabantu (HPV) isakazeka kanjani
I-papillomavirus yomuntu (i- HPV ), enezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-100 ezihlukene, igciwane elivamile kakhulu okwamanje elichaphazela abantu baseMelika abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-20. Ngenkathi abantu abaningi bephethe igciwane futhi bengenazibonakaliso noma izinkinga zezokwelapha, izinkinga ezithile zalesi sifo zingabangela izimo zezempilo, kuhlanganise nempi yemilenze nomdlavuza. Nakuba abantu abaningi beqaphela ukuthi i-HPV ingasakazeka ngokuxhumana kocansi, umbuzo ovame ukubuza ukuthi "Ingabe i-HPV isifo socansi (STD)?
Impendulo yinkimbinkimbi kunokuba yebo yebo no-cha. Ake sixoxe ngokuthi kungani kunjalo.
Ingabe i-Human Papillomavirus (HPV) isifo sofuba (STD)?
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-papillomavirus yomuntu (i-HPV) isifo esithathelwana ngocansi (STD) sidinga ukubuka imibuzo emibili. Enye indlela esetshenziselwa ngayo. Akuzona zonke izifo ze-STD ezisakazwa ngokungena kwamagciwane, futhi sizobheka le nkinga. Okunye okukhathazeka ukuthi ngabe i-HPV impela ngempela (noma njalo) isifo.
Izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi nezifo ezithathelwana ngocansi
Izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi ( STIs ) yizifo ezithwala ngesinye isici sokuxhumana kocansi. Ama-STIs afika ngezindlela eziningi futhi angabangelwa amagciwane, amagciwane, noma ngisho nama-parasites. I-papillomavirus yomuntu ibhekwa njengenye yegciwane lesandulela ngculaza. Idluliselwa ngokuxhumana kocansi ngokobulili (hhayi nge-semen), okusho ukuthi akudingeki ukuba ungene ngemvume ukuze udlule kusuka komuntu oyedwa kuya kwesinye.
Beka kalula, i-papillomavirus yomuntu isakazwa ngokuthintana isikhumba nesikhumba. Ukuxubha nge-genital-on-genital kungaba okwanele ekusakazeni igciwane. Ngamanye amazwi, izintombi zingatheleleka nge-HPV.
Ukulala ngokomzimba kanye nesandulela ngculazi nakho kuyizindlela zokudlulisela i-HPV, njengoba kunjalo ngokocansi ngomlomo , nakuba kungavamile.
Yize i-HPV ibhekwa njenge-STI ngenxa yendlela yokudlulisela ngayo, ayisoloko ihlukaniswe njengesifo socansi (STD). Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi igama elithi "isifo" lingasikisela inkinga yezokwelapha ecacile enezibonakaliso noma izimpawu ezicacile. Uma umuntu onenkinga ye-HPV engenazo izimpawu, i-HPV ingachazwa njengesifo esingahle noma esingabangela isifo . Kufanele kuqashelwe, Nokho, ukuthi akuwona wonke ochwepheshe bezokwelapha okwenza lokhu kubehluko.
Iningi lezifo ezithathelwanayo ne-HPV zisuswa ezinyangeni ezingu-12 kuya ku-24 futhi aziqhubeki ukudala isifo.
Indlela Yokunciphisa Ingozi Yakho Yokuqeda I-HPV
Njengoba i-papillomavirus yomuntu ingadluliselwa nje kuphela ngokuxhumana kwesikhumba hhayi nje ngokungena, ukuvimbela kungaba nzima. Iindlela eziqinisekisiwe kuphela zokuvimbela i-papillomavirus yabantu ngokuziqeda ngokuphelele (hhayi ukuhlanganyela kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lokuziphatha ngokocansi); Kodwa-ke, lokhu akunakwenzeka kwabaningi.
Amakhondomu angasiza (futhi anconywa uma ufuna ukusiza ukuvimbela ezinye izifo nezifo ezithathelwana ngocansi, kanye nokukhulelwa), kodwa khumbula ukuthi banikeza ukuvikeleka okukhawulelwe ku-HPV ngoba kunezingxenye zezinsikazi ezishiywa zingavinjelwe ngesikhathi imisebenzi yezocansi.
Ngenxa yobunzima bokuvimbela i-HPV ngokomzimba, "ukuvimbela umphakathi" kudlalwa. Lokhu kusho ukuzama ukwazi umlingani omusha kahle ngaphambi kokuthola noma yiluphi uhlobo lokuxhumana okude naye. Ukunciphisa inani labalingani ohlangana nabo nakho kuyasiza. Futhi kulabo abangenwe igciwane, ukuyeka ukubhema kubalulekile, njengoba kubonakala sengathi abokubhema banamathuba okuba nesifo sibe yisifo (ukubhema kunganciphisa ikhono lomzimba ukususa igciwane).
Imishanguzo ye-HPV nayo iyasiza, kodwa ukuze uqonde imishanguzo ehlukene, kubalulekile ukuqonda izinhlobo ezahlukene zegciwane.
Izinhlobo kanye nezinkinga ze-HPV
Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwekhulu zegciwane le-HPV, kodwa lezi zinhlobo ziyahlukahluka kakhulu ekukhoneni kwabo ukudala izifo. Zichithwa zibe yizifo ezinobungozi obukhulu futhi eziphansi kakhulu ezilandelayo:
- Izinkinga ezibangelwa umdlavuza (izinkinga eziphezulu). I-HPV 16 no-18 ilandisa cishe ngamaphesenti angu-70 emdlavuza wesibeletho. Ngaphezu kwe-HPV 16 no-18, izinkinga ze-HPV ezixhunywe nomdlavuza zihlanganisa 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, no-59. Zikhona ezinye zegciwane ezihlobene nokutheleleka kwe-HPV, kufaka phakathi ikhanda kanye imishanguzo yezintamo (ikakhulukazi ulimi nezifo zomdlavuza, ikakhulukazi ezihlobene ne-HPV 16), umdlavuza wesibeletho, umdlavuza we-rectal, umdlavuza we-vulvar nomdlavuza we-penile. Imibuzo iphakanyiswa ngamanye amagciwane, njengokuxhumana okukhona phakathi kwe- HPV nomdlavuza wamaphaphu.
- I-wart genital ebangela izinkinga (izinkinga eziphansi). I-HPV 6 no-11 ilandisa ngamaphesenti angaba ngu-90 ama-warts ngokobulili kumadoda nabesifazane. Lezi zingxabano zingase zivele ezithombeni zomzimba, emlonyeni, noma emqaleni. Izifo ezincane ezingaphansi kwe-HPV zingabangela futhi ukuphefumula kwe-papillomatosis , isimo lapho ama-nodules akha khona emidlalweni yezwi edala ukuphefumula nokunye okunye.
I-HPV Vaccine
Umgomo we-HPV ungenye indlela esiza ukuvimbela igciwane. Kubalulekile ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezi-3 ezihlukene zokugoma eziphumelelayo ngokumelene nezinkinga ezihlukahlukene zegciwane, futhi ayikho eminye imithi evikela ukulwa nayo yonke imithi ye-HPV engakwazi ukuthelela umuntu. Lena indlela ende yokusho ukuthi izindlela zokuzivikela ngenhla zisabaluleke nakakhulu ngisho noma ugonywa ngokumelene nezinye izinhlobo ze-HPV. Okwamanje imishanguzo etholakalayo ihlanganisa:
- I-Gardasil. Kuvunyelwe ngo-2006, i-Gardasil kwakuyi-vaccine yokuqala ye-HPV ezovunyelwa. Isebenza kahle ngokumelene ne-HPV 6 no-11, imbangela yamaphesenti angu-90 ama-warts omzimba, ne-HPV 16 no-18, imbangela yamaphesenti angu-70 emdlavuza wesibeletho. Kuyinto evunyelwe i-FDA kokubili abesifazane nabesilisa phakathi kweminyaka engu-9 no-26.
- I-Cervarix. I-Cervarix yayiyi-vaccine yesibili okufanele ivunyiwe futhi ikhona kusukela ngo-2009. Isebenza kahle ngokumelene ne-HPV 16 no-18. Iyakwamukela abesifazane abaneminyaka engama-9 kuya ku-25.
- I-Gardasil 9. I-Gardasil 9 yamukelwa ngo-2014 ine-broadcast coverage ye-HPV. Isebenza kahle ngokumelene ne-HPV 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, no-58. Lo mgomo uvunyelwe abesifazane abaphakathi kweminyaka engu-9 no-26 ukuvimbela umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho, u-vulvar, wesifazane wesifazane, nesifo somdlavuza. emadodeni phakathi kweminyaka engama-9 no-15 ukuvimbela umdlavuza wesilwane.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi imishanguzo ehlukahlukene inikeza ukukhishwa okuhlukile, kanti enye ivunyelwe kuphela kwabesifazane. Isiqunto sakho mayelana nokuthi umgomo ungcono ngani ungase uthathe umshwalense wakho (ngaphandle uma ufisa ukukhokhela umgomo ohlukile). Ezinye izinkampani zomshuwalense zimboza enye yemithi kodwa hhayi enye. Ngaphambi kokwenza i-aphoyintimenti nodokotela wakho, hlola inkampani yakho yomshuwalense mayelana nokuqashwa.
Noma yikuphi ukugoma kwe-HPV kuphumelela kakhulu uma kunikezwa ngaphambi kokuba umuntu asebenze ngokobulili futhi angase avuleleke kugciwane.
Ukuhlolwa kwesifo se-HPV-Related
Ukuthola igciwane ngokumelene ne-HPV nokusebenzisa ikhondomu njalo lapho ubulili kuyindlela ezimbili ezinhle kakhulu zokunciphisa ingozi yokuthola i-papillomavirus yabantu. Kodwa ngisho nalezi zinyathelo zokuqapha, kungcono ukuhambisana nokuhlolwa kwakho kwesikhashana nokuhlolwa-ikakhulu uma kuziwa kwabesifazane nabama-Pap smears.
Ngokwesibonelo, kwabesifazane, ngisho noma i-HPV ibangela izinguquko ezingavamile emdlalweni wesibeletho ongase ube umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho, i- Pap smear ejwayelekile evela kumama wakho wezinkinga zokubeletha ingasiza ekubambe lokhu ekuqaleni ukuze uphethwe ngaphambi kokuba inkinga yezempilo ingabe isongela ukuphila futhi ibe nzima ukuphatha.
Khumbula ukuthi amadoda kudingeka awazi futhi. Kucatshangwa ukuthi cishe amaphesenti angu-2 amacala omdlavuza emadodeni ahlobene ne-HPV. Noma yikuphi okungajwayelekile kwe-genitalia noma ikhanda nentamo kufanele kuhlolwe udokotela, njengoba eziningi zalezi zimo zinemibandela eqondile.
Ngezansi ku-HPV njengesifo socansi
I-HPV ivame ukubhekwa njengesifo esithathelwana ngocansi, kodwa incazelo ecacile yinkimbinkimbi. Abantu abaningi abahlakulela ukutheleleka kwe- HPV (isifo socansi) abaqhubeki ukuthuthukisa izifo ezihlobene ne-HPV, njengama-warts omzimba wesisu noma izinguquko ezingenangqondo / ezinomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho, i-vulva, isondo, i-anus, i-penis, noma ikhanda nentamo.
I-HPV ivame ukudluliselwa ngokuxhumana nabantu abasondelene, kodwa ukungena kwamagciwane akudingeki ukuthola igciwane. Ngenxa yokudluliswa kwesikhumba ukukhubaza othintana nabo (kubandakanya lokho endaweni yomlomo nendawo yangaphambili), amakhondomu angase asebenze ekuvimbeleni ukutheleleka. Ukugoma ngenye yezinyathelo ze-HPV kungavimbela isifo esihlobene ne-HPV, kuye ngokuthi kutholakala kanjani umgomo wokugoma.
Ukuhlola nge-Pap smears evamile, nokubonisana nodokotela nganoma yiziphi izimpawu ezingase ziphakamise izinguquko ngenxa ye-HPV, kubalulekile kunoma ubani owenza ucansi, noma oxhumana naye obuseduze.
> Imithombo:
> de Sanjose, S., Brotons, M., noMnu Pavon. Umlando Wezemvelo We-Human Papillomavirus Infection. Izindlela Ezinhle Nezocwaningo. I-Obstetrics Clinic ne-Gynecology . 2018. 47: 2-13.
> Serrano, B., Brotons, M., Bosch, F., noL. Bruni. I-Epidemiology ne-Burden ye-HPV-Related Disease. Izindlela Ezinhle Nezocwaningo. I-Obstetrics Clinic ne-Gynecology . 2018. 47: 14-26.
> Ventimiglia, E., Hornblas, S., Muneer, A., no-A. Salonia. Ukwelashwa kwe-Human Papillomavirus kanye Nokugoma Emadodeni. I-European Urology Focus . 2016. 2 (4): 355-362.