Ukuwohloka komqondo kwe-Frontotemporal (FTD) uhlobo lomqondo wokugula ngengqondo oye wabizwa ngokuthi yisifo sikaPick. Ihlanganisa iqembu lezinkinga ezithinta ukuziphatha, imizwa, ukuxhumana nokuqonda . Amanye amagama asetshenziselwa i-FTD afaka:
- ukuguqulwa kwe-frontotemporal
- ukuwohloka komqondo kwangaphambili
- I-Pick iyinkimbinkimbi
- frontotemporal lobar ukuwohloka
Ku-FTD, i-lobes yangaphambili neyesimo sobuchopho ishintshwe futhi i- atrophy (shrink) ngesayizi.
I-FTD ivame ukushayisana ngokuncane (50s kuya ku-60s), kodwa ibonwe kubantu abasha abaneminyaka engu-21 ubudala futhi njengabadala njengama-80s asekupheleni. Amacala angaba ngu-60% we-FTD bangabantu abaphakathi kweminyaka engu-45 no-64.
U-Arnold Pick waqala ukuqoqa amaqoqo amaprotheni angavamile engqondweni (ebizwa ngokuthi imizimba kaPick) ngo-1892. Izidumbu zikaPick zikhona kwezinye izinhlobo ze-FTD futhi zingabonakala kuphela ngaphansi kwe-microscope ngesikhathi se-autopsy.
Izinhlobo ze-FTD
Izinkinga ezine eziwela esigabeni se-FTD zihlanganisa:
- Ukuhlukahluka kobuhlobo be-Frontotemporal Dementia
Njengoba igama likhomba, ukuhluka okuhlukile kwe-FTD kuthinta kakhulu ukuziphatha, kubangele ukuxhumana nokungalungile komphakathi . - I-Aphasia ehamba phambili ephambili
Ingxenye eyinhloko yaloluhlobo lwe-FTD yi- aphasia , ekhuluma ngokukhubazeka kolimi. Lokhu kungathinta kokubili ikhono lokuxhumana nokuqonda. - Ukukhubazeka okuphezulu kwe-Supranuclear
Ukuphefumula kwe-Supranuclear kuthinta ukulinganisela nokunyakaza, kanye namakhono okuqonda. Isibonakaliso esicacile singukukhubazeka kwamehlo.
- Ukuguqulwa kwamaCorticobasal
Izimpawu zokwehla kwesifo se-corticobasal zivame ukubonakala zibe buthakathaka bemisipha nokuzamazama, futhi ngokuvamile ziqala ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba. Izinkinga ngememori nokuziphatha nazo zikhula njengoba le disorder iqhubeka.
Izimpawu ze-FTD
Abantu abane-FTD bavame ukubonisa ukuziphatha okungalungile komphakathi, njengokungaboni kahle, ukungaqondi kahle noma ukuzwelana, ukuphazamisa, ukukhathazeka okwenziwe ocansini, noma izinguquko ezibalulekile ekuthandweni kokudla.
Abanye babonisa ukuhlanzeka okungcolile, ukuphawula okuphindaphindiwe noma ukuziphatha, amandla aphansi kanye nesisusa esibi. Bangase babe nesithinta esicacile noma esicacile , okusho ukuthi ubuso babo bubonisa kancane noma akukho ukuveza imizwelo, kuhlanganise nokudabuka, injabulo noma intukuthelo.
I-FTD ivame ukuphazamisa ikhono lokuxhumana phakathi kokubili inkulumo ecacile (ikhono lokusebenzisa amagama ukuzwakalisa) kanye nenkulumo yokwamukela (ikhono lokuqonda inkulumo). Abantu bangase babe nenkinga yokuthola igama elifanele lokukhuluma, bakhulume ngokungazeleli futhi kancane kancane, bafunde kanzima futhi babhale ngokunembile, futhi bangakwazi ukwakha imisho ngendlela enengqondo.
Izinguquko zemijikelezo
I-FTD ivame ukuphazamisa ikhono lokulawula ukunyakaza nezinye izenzo zezimoto. Labo abanesifo se-FTD bangase bawa njalo noma babe nokunyakaza kwengalo nomlenze ongafuneki noma ukunyakaza.
Ngokuthakazelisayo, inkumbulo yomuntu nokuqonda isikhala esibazungezile ngokuvamile kuvame ukungathinti kahle, ikakhulukazi ezinyathelweni zangaphambili.
Uhluke kanjani i-FTD ne- Alzheimer ?
E-Alzheimer's, izimpawu zokuqala ziyimpumelelo yokukhumbula inkumbulo kanye nobunzima bokufunda into entsha. Ku-FTD, inkumbulo ngokuvamile ihlala iqinile ekuqaleni; izimpawu zokuqala zifaka ubunzima ngokuxhumana okuhambisana nomphakathi kanye nemizwelo, kanye nezinselelo ezithile zolimi.
I-FTD ne-Alzheimer nayo ihluke ngendlela ubuchopho buphatheka ngayo. I-FTD ihlasela ikakhulukazi i-lobes yangaphambili neyesimo sobuchopho; kuyilapho i-Alzheimer iqala ukuthinta izindawo eziningi zobuchopho.
I-FTD iphinde iqondise abantu abasha. Isilinganiso seminyaka yokuqala ye-FTD sineminyaka engaba ngu-60 ubudala. Ngenkathi abanye abantu beqala ukuqala i-Alzheimer's, iningi leziguli liphezu kwengu-65 kanti eziningi zazo zingaphezu kweminyaka engu-70 noma engu-80.
Yini eyenza i-FTD?
Isizathu se-FTD aziwa. Nakuba iningi lamacala e-FTD ebonakala sengathi lakhiwa ngengozi, izakhi zofuzo zidlala indima kwezinye izimo. Amaphesenti angu-10% angalandelwa emuva ekuguqulweni kwesiginja esisodwa.
Lokhu kuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo kuzuza ngokuqondile, okusho ukuthi uma umama wakho noma ubaba wakho enesisindo esiqondile se-FTD, unethuba elingama-50% lokuthuthukisa i-FTD.
I-20% kuya kwabangu-40% yabantu abaxilongwa nge-FTD banokuxhumeka komndeni lapho kunezizukulwane ezingaphezu kwesisodwa ngaphezu kwezizukulwane ezimbili noma ngaphezulu kuye kwatholakala ukuthi kune-FTD.
Ukuxilongwa
Ngokufanayo nokuhlolisisa isifo se-Alzheimer , akukho ukuhlolwa okulodwa okungaxilonga i-FTD. Iziguli ngokuvamile zihlola ukuhlolwa kwe-imaging njenge- MRI noma i- PET scan ; ukuhlolwa kwengqondo ukukala inkumbulo namakhono olimi; ukuhlolwa komzimba ukuhlolwa; mhlawumbe umthamo wesipompo ; nokuhlolwa kwegazi. Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa ngokuqoqa yonke imiphumela yalezi zivivinyo, okubangela ezinye izimbangela ezifana nokuntuleka kwe-vitamin B12 noma ukutheleleka, nokuqhathanisa nezimpawu zakho kwezinye izimo ze-FTD. Kubalulekile ukuthi i-neurologist eyaziwa nge-FTD kanye nezinye izinhlobo zokudemeka kwengqondo zihileleke kuloluhlolo lokuhlola ngoba izici ezithile ze-FTD zilingisa ezinye izinkinga.
Ukwelapha
Ayikho imithi ehlose lolu hlobo lokudemeka komqondo, ngakho-ke umgomo wokwelapha ukulawula izimpawu ngangokunokwenzeka. Odokotela bangase banikeze imithi ejwayele ukusetshenziselwa izinkinga zokunyakaza kwesifo sikaParkinson , kuhlanganise neCarbidopa / levodopa (Sinemet) . Ngezinye izikhathi ukuziphatha kwe-FTD kubhekiswa ngemithi yokulwa ne- antipsychotic uma izindlela ezingezona izidakamizwa zingasebenzi.
Imithi yokucindezeleka, ikakhulukazi i-serotonin reuptake inhibitors (i-SSRIs) ekhethiwe, ibonise inzuzo ethile ekuphatheni ezinye izimo zokuzikhukhumeza noma zokucindezela ze-FTD. Abanye odokotela bayophinde banikeze imithi ngokuvamile ehlinzekwa iziguli ze-Alzheimer, kuhlanganise ne- inlinesite ye-cholinesterase . Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo alubonanga ngokucacile le mithi ukuthi iphumelele ku-FTD okwamanje.
Ukwelapha emsebenzini nokusebenza ngokomzimba kungasiza futhi iziguli ngokusiza ukugcina noma ukunciphisa ukuwohloka kwamakhono nokuhamba, kuyilapho ukwelashwa kwamazwi kungasiza ngezinye izikhathi ngokuhluleka kokuxhumana.
Ukuqhathaniswa kwe-Frontotemporal Dementia
Amaphesenti angu-10 kuya kwezingu-20 kuwo wonke ama-dementia yi-FTD, ahumusha ku-50 000 kuya ku-60,000 aseMelika. I-FTD ingenye yezinhlobo ezivame ukuwohloka komqondo kubantu abadala abangaphansi kweminyaka yobudala engama-65, futhi kuvame kakhulu emadodeni kunabesifazane.
Isibikezelo
Ukuchazwa kwe-FTD akubi. Izindawo zokulinda zokuphila ezivela eminyakeni emibili kuya kwezingu-20 emva kokuxilongwa, kuye ngokuthi ijubane lokuqhubekela phambili nokuba khona kwezinye izifo. I-FTD ayibangeli ukufa, kodwa yenza ukulwa nezinye izifo kanye nezifo kunzima kakhulu.
> Imithombo:
> I-Association for Frontenemporal Degeneration. Ukuxilongwa.
> I-Association for Frontenemporal Degeneration. Ukuguqulwa kwama Frontotemporal.
> I-Association for Frontenemporal Degeneration. I-Genetics.
> I-Association for Frontenemporal Degeneration. Kuyini i-FTD?
> Isikhungo Sikazwelonke se-Biotechnology Information, i-US National Library of Medicine. Impilo ye-Pub Med. Izifo zika Pick.
> University of California, eSan Francisco. Amafomu we-Frontotemporal Dementia.
> University of California, eSan Francisco. I-Hereditary FTD.
> US National Institutes of Health. I-National Institute yokuguga. Izinhlobo ze-Frontotemporal Disorders.