Uma udokotela wakho ekutshele ukuthi unesifo samaphaphu, singasabisa. Ngabe odokotela basho ukuthini uma bethi "ukuphuza umthamo," yiziphi izimbangela ezingenzeka, yiziphi amathuba umdlavuza wamaphaphu, futhi yiziphi izivivinyo ezingase zinconywe ukuze zithole imbangela?
Incazelo
I-"mass mass" ichazwa njengendawo engavamile noma indawo emaphashini angaphezu kuka-3 cm (1 ½ amasentimitha) ngobukhulu.
Uma indawo (noma amabala) angaphansi kuka-3 cm ububanzi, esikhundleni salokho ibizwa ngokuthi "i- lung nodule ." Izimbangela ezivame kakhulu zomzimba wamaphaphu zihluke nalokho okwenziwe ngamapulangwe, kanye nethuba lokuthi ukungavamile kungaba nomdlavuza.
Izimbangela
Njengoba kuphawuliwe ngenhla, leli gama elithi lung lungqamuzana lisetshenziselwa ukuchaza izindawo ezincane ezingavamile emaphashini kunomqondo wamaphaphu. Ngokuvamile, ithuba lokuthi umkhuhlane wamaphaphu unobungozi mkhulu kunethuba lokuthi libi (umdlavuza),
Ngeshwa, imbangela evame kakhulu yobuningi emaphashini ingenye yehlobo lomdlavuza wamaphaphu . Ngaphambi kokuba uphinde uthukuthele lapho ufunda lokhu, noma kunjalo, kunezimbangela ezinobungozi zesisindo samaphaphu. Futhi noma ngabe umdlavuza wamaphaphu, kokubili ukwelashwa nokuphila kusanda kuthuthuka eminyakeni yamuva. Njengoba ufunda, gcina lokhu engqondweni, ikakhulukazi uma wazi umuntu onomdlavuza wamaphaphu ngaphezu konyaka noma amabili edlule. Kwezinye izimo, umdlavuza wamaphaphu othuthukile (umdlavuza wesigaba 4 wamaphaphu) ungase uphathwe njengesifo esingapheli.
Futhi izidakamizwa ze-immunotherapy (okokuqala kuvunyelwe ngo-2015 futhi manje 4 etholakalayo) ngezinye izikhathi kungabangela "impendulo ehlala njalo" (i-oncology inguquko mhlawumbe ngisho nokuphulukiswa) kubantu abanezigaba eziphambili kakhulu zesifo.
Umdlavuza we-Lung uvame kakhulu futhi okwamanje uyimbangela ehamba phambili yokufa komdlavuza kumadoda nabesifazane e-United States.
Umdlavuza wegciwane kungenzeka ngisho nakubantu abangakaze baphuze, futhi empeleni, iningi (cishe amaphesenti angu-80) abantu abakha umdlavuza wamaphaphu ngalesi sikhathi abashongo; bangabokuqala ukubhema noma ababheki. Okungenani amaphesenti angu-20 abesifazane abakha umdlavuza wamaphaphu abakaze babhema ugwayi owodwa. Ngokungafani nokunciphisa umdlavuza wamaphaphu kumadoda amadala, eqenjini elilodwa labantu, umdlavuza wamaphaphu uye wanda kakhulu: abesifazane abasebasha, abangabhemi ukubhema. Lokho kusho ukuthi kunezimbangela ezinobuthi (ezingekho emdlalweni) ezibangelwa izixuku zamaphaphu.
Ezinye izimbangela zamaphaphu zihlanganisa:
- Umdlavuza we-Lung.
- Amanye kansela. Amanye ama-cancer angase avele njengamandla emaphashini afaka i-lymphomas nama-sarcomas.
- I-Benign (engewona umdlavuza) yamaphaphu amaphaphu, afana ne- hamartomas , uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-tumor lungumama we-lung.
- Ama-metastases (ukusakazwa) kwamanqamu kusuka kwezinye izifunda zomzimba kuya emaphashini. Amanqamu ajwayelekile kakhulu asakazeka emaphashini futhi angabangela umthamo wamaphaphu noma izixuku kufaka umdlavuza webele, umdlavuza wekolon, umdlavuza wesibeletho, nomdlavuza wesicathulo.
- Ama-abscesses ama-Lung. Ama-abscesses yizifo eziye "zavalwa" futhi ziqukethe umzimba.
- I-AV malformations. I-AV malformation ixhumano olungavamile phakathi kwamathambo nemivamisa ngokuvamile ekhona kusukela ekuzalweni.
- Lipoid pneumonia.
- Izifo. Izifo ezinjenge-fungal ezifana ne-coccidiomycosis kanye ne-blastomycosis kanye nezifo ezinama-parasitic ezifana ne-echinococcus (hydatid cysts) zingabangela amaphaphu amaningi.
- I-aneurysms yamathambo epulmonary. Ukuxubha emithanjeni ehamba esuka enhliziyweni kuya emaphashini kungabonakala njengento enkulu ekuhloleni kwe-imaging.
- Ama-Amyloidosis. I-Amyloidosis iyakhiwa amaprotheni angavamile enza inqwaba.
Xhumanisa ku-Cancer
Ngokudabukisayo, ukuxilongwa okungenzeka kakhulu, uma unesifo samaphaphu, umdlavuza wamaphaphu. Kodwa kunezimbangela eziningi ezingezona umdlavuza, njengoba kuphawuliwe ngenhla. Umswakama lungcono kakhulu ukuba unomdlavuza uma kuchazwa ngokuthi " ingilazi yomhlabathi " embikweni wokucabanga, kuyilapho ukutholakala kokuthi " izibalo " kuvame kakhulu emathunjini amancane.
Uma i-tumor ichazwa ngokuthi "i- cavitary " kungenzeka futhi ukuthi ibe yingozi. Umlando wokubhema, noma ukusebenza emisebenzini ngokuvezwa kwezidakamizwa ezibangelwa umdlavuza kuphakamisa amathuba okuba isisu sinomdlavuza.
Imibuzo ImiDokotela Wakho Ungabuza
Into yokuqala oyodinga ukuthi udokotela wakho ayenze ukwenza umlando oqaphile kanye nomzimba. Eminye yemibuzo engase ibuze ihlanganisa:
- Wake wake waphesa?
- Usuke uhambe kamuva?
- Yiziphi ezinye izimo zezokwelapha onakho?
- Unomlando womndeni kunoma yiziphi izinkinga zezokwelapha kubandakanya umdlavuza wamaphaphu nezinye izimo zamaphaphu?
- Uke wavezwa emazingeni ephakeme e-radon ekhaya lakho? (I- Radon iyimbangela yesibili eholela emdlalweni wamaphaphu.)
- Ingabe unayo izimpawu ezifana nokukhwehlela okuqhubekayo , ukukhwehlela igazi , ukuphefumula , ubuhlungu endaweni yengaphazi yakho, ihlombe , noma emuva , noma uke walahlekelwa isisindo esingavamile ?
Ukuxilongwa
Kuye ngemiphumela yomlando oqaphele nokuhlolwa komzimba, ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kungase kubandakanye:
- Iskena se-CT. Uma udokotela wakho ebona ukuphazamisa emaphashini e- x-ray esifubeni , enye yezinto zokuqala angase ancome ngazo yi-CT scan ukuze ubuke ubuningi kakhulu. Lokhu kungasiza ukuchaza ubukhulu nendawo yesikhulu, futhi ngezinye izikhathi kuqiniseke ukuthi ubukhulu bekungesiyinto "yokufakelwa" ku-ray-x okungukuthi, into ebonakala sengathi inqwaba kodwa ayikho, njenge-overlap kwezicubu.
- Ucwaningo lwe-MRI.
- I- PET Scan . Iskena se-PET yisifundo sokucabangela esibheka ukukhula okusebenzayo endaweni esolisayo. Isibonelo, indawo esolisayo engeke ikhanyise i-PET ukuskena ingaba yinkimbinkimbi endala kodwa indawo ekhanyayo (ikhombisa isibonakaliso sokukhula okusebenzayo) cishe iyinhlamba yomdlavuza. Izivivinyo ezinjengalezi zingasisiza ngokukhethekile uma umuntu ephethe ukwelashwa kwemisebe yomdlavuza wesifuba, isifo sikaHodgkin, noma umdlavuza wamaphaphu esikhathini esidlule, njengoba imisebe ingabangela izicubu ezincane ezibukeka kakhulu njenge-tumor ekufanekeni.
- I- Bronchoscopy . Uma ubukhulu buphakathi nendawo yamaphaphu eduze nemikhumbi ehamba phambili, i-bronchoscopy inganconywa. Ngesikhathi se-bronchoscopy, odokotela badlulisa ithubhu eguquguqukayo emlonyeni wakho bese efika ku-bronchi yakho. Lokhu kuhlola kungabheka okungajwayelekile nakuzo zonke izindiza ezinkulu, futhi i-biopsy ingenziwa uma kudingekile. I-endobronchial ultrasound ingase yenziwe (i-ultrasound eyenziwa nge-bronchi) phakathi ne-bronchoscopy ukubuka okungcono okungajwayelekile phakathi kwamapayipi kepha eduze eduze kwemimoya yomoya.
- I- needle emihle ye-biopsy . Uma ubukhulu bemaphaphu kusezindaweni zangaphandle zamaphaphu, udokotela wakho angase ancoma i-biopsy ngenaliti efakwe ngodonga lwesifuba kuze kube yisisindo ukuze uthole isampula yamathambo.
- Ukuhlinzwa kwamangqamuzana . Ngezinye izikhathi kungase kube nzima ukuthola isampula yamaseli asempomeni lakho nge-biopsy yenaliti noma nge-bronchoscopy. Uma kunjalo, ukuhlinzwa kwe-thoracic kunganconywa ukuthola isampula yamathishu . Lokhu kungenziwa ngokusebenzisa ukucubungula okuncane kanye nokusebenzisa izinsimbi ngekhamera (ukuhlinzwa okusizwa ngama-thoracoscopic), noma ngokusebenzisa ukuhlunga kwendabuko ukufinyelela emaphashini (thoractomy).
Ukwelapha
Ukwelashwa kwamaphaphu akho kuzoxhomeka ekubambeni. Uma kungukudla komdlavuza wamaphaphu noma ukusakazwa komdlavuza kwesinye isifunda somzimba kuya emaphashini, izinketho zokwelashwa zingase zibandakanye ukuhlinzeka, ukwelashwa kwamakhemikhali, noma ukwelashwa kwamafutha. Ezinye izimbangela ezingavamile ezivamile zamaphaphu, ezifana nezifo, zizophathwa ngokususelwa ekutholeni wena nodokotela wakho unqume ngemva kokuhlolwa.
Benign vs. Masses Malignant
Kungaba ukudideka kakhulu uma uthola ukuthi unesifo samaphaphu noma umphunga wamaphaphu. Kungani kungelula ukutshela ukuthi kukhona into engumdlavuza noma cha? Kungani lezi zikwelapha zihluke kangaka? Kungasiza ukufunda umehluko phakathi kwesisu esinonya nesesifo esibi .
Izwi elivela
Uma udokotela wakho enesiqiniseko sokuthi iphaphu lakho lingumdlavuza, ungase uzwe ukwesaba. Kusho ukuthini lokhu? Kwenzekani ngokulandelayo? Uma lokho kuchaza wena, thatha isikhashana ufunde ngezinyathelo zokuqala ezithatha uma uthola ukuthi unomdlavuza wamaphaphu . Khumbula ukuthi ukwelashwa kuyathuthuka. Yiba ngummeli wakho siqu futhi ufunde okuningi ngangokunokwenzeka ngesifo sakho. Kukhona nomphakathi omuhle womdlavuza wamaphaphu atholakalayo ku-inthanethi nabantu abanganikeza ukusekelwa (uhlobo oluthile oluphila nesifo kuphela) ngenkathi lusiza ukuthi uqonde kangcono umdlavuza wakho kanye nezinketho zakho.
> Imithombo:
> Kasper, DL .., Fauci AS, noHauser, SL. Izimiso zikaHarrison zeMithi yangaphakathi. ENew York: imfundo kaMc Graw Hill, 2015. Print.
> Kudlula, HI. Izimiso nokusebenza komdlavuza wamaphaphu: umbhalo osemthethweni we-IASLC. I-Philadelphia: I-Wolters Kluwer Health / Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2010. Phrinta.
> Yao, Y., Lv, T., no-Y. Ingoma. Indlela Yokuthola I-Nodules Yamapulmonary: Ukusuka Ekuhlolweni Kwokuthola Ukwelapha. Ucwaningo lwe-Cancer Research . 2017. 6 (1): 3-5.