Imithombo Yezintambo Kwi-Metatarsophalangeal Yakho Yokuqala
Ubuhlungu obuningi bomzimba wakho obukhulu bungenza kube buhlungu. Umhlanganiso wokuqala we-metatarsophalangeal yi-ohlangothini ohlanganisa izinzwane ezinkulu kumathambo okuqala we-metatarsal of forefoot. Ngisho noma amalunga ezinzwane ezincane, zibalulekile ekusebenzeni ngezinyawo ezinempilo. Lezi zixhumanisi zibekezelela ukucindezeleka okucindezeleka okukhulu. Uma belimaza, ukhona usuku olubi. Ezinye zezinkinga ezivame ukwenzeka kulokhu okuhlangene zihlanganisa lezi zimo ezinhlanu:
Bunion
I-bunion iyinhlangano enkulu, i-knobby bump phezu kwezinyawo ezinkulu ezihlangene ezihlotshaniswa nesimo somuntu ovamile esibizwa ngokuthi i-hallux valgus deformity. Amabhononi abangelwa ukuhlanganiswa okukhulu kwezinzwane ezimbi futhi azikho ukukhula kwebony, okuyinto evamile yokungaqondi kahle.
Ngaphandle kwe-bump ebonakalayo, i-hallux valgus ibangela ukushintshwa kwesimo esikhulu sezinzwane, okwenza ukuba iqhubekele ezinzwaneni ezincane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Umphumela ovamile wesikhulumi esivulekile futhi obomvu, othukuthele, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukuvuvukala okwehlangothini lwezinzwane ezihlangene. Nakuba izinyunithi eziningi zibangelwa yizinyosi ze-biomechanics ezinonya, izimo ezinjenge- arthritis ye- rumatoid zingaholela ekuqhumeni kwe- bunion .
Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi kunezinto ongayenza ukuze unciphise izimpawu ze-bunion uma unesinye (noma ezimbili). Nanka amasu ambalwa okufanele uwacabangele:
- Gqoka izicathulo eziphathekayo, ezinwetshiwe ngebhokisi elincane ukuze uvumele isikhala esingeziwe emzimbeni omkhulu. Lokhu kuzonciphisa ingcindezi ku-bunion.
- Faka ipaki phezu kwe-bunion ukuvimbela ukuxubha nokucasula.
- Yenza imizimba yokwehlisa ukuthuthukisa ukuhamba okuhlangene.
- Ngemuva kokusebenzisa izinyawo zakho, sebenzisa iphakethe elibandayo phezu kwe-bunion (qiniseka ukubeka ithawula lamaphepha noma indwangu phakathi kwepakethe nesikhumba sakho).
- Xoxa nodokotela wakho noma ngabe kufanele uthathe anti-inflammatory, efana ne-ibuprofen, uma i-bunion yakho ibuhlungu noma ivimba.
Uma ukukhathazeka kwakho kuqhubeka naphezu kwalezi zinyathelo ezilula, isazi samaphoyisa (udokotela ogxile ezimweni zonyawo) angakuvumelanisa nokufakwa kwezicathulo zakho ezikhethekile (ama-orthotics) ukusekela izinzwane zakho ezinkulu. Isibalo sakho somzimba singase sikunikeze nezikhawuzi zakho zezinyosi ozigqoka ebusuku ukuze uzihlanganise nomlenze omkhulu ngenkathi ulele.
Uma lezi zinyathelo zingasebenzi futhi usaqhubeka nokukhuthazelela ubuhlungu noma ubunzima bokuhamba, isazi sakho sezinsizwa singakutshela ohlinzayo onyawo. Kunezinqubo ezahlukene zokuhlinzeka ngezindlela ezimbili ezingahle zenziwe ukubeka kabusha ithambo bese ususa i-bump.
I-arthritis
Indlela ejwayelekile kunazo zonke ye-arthritis ethinta inzwane enkulu ehlangene i-osteoarthritis, ebangelwa ukuwohloka kwe-carticlage ye-articular. I-osteoarthritis ezinhlangwaneni ezincane ezihlangene zingase zithuthuke ezinkingeni ngezinyawo nezakhiwo nokusebenza, okuholela ekugqibeni nokugqoka. I-trauma efana nokwephuka noma ukuhlukaniswa kwezinzwane ezinkulu kungabangela futhi i-osteoarthritis. Eminye, izinhlobo ezincane ezingavamile ze-arthritis ezithinta izinzwane ezinkulu zihlanganisa i-arthritis ye-rheumatoid kanye ne- psoriatic arthritis .
Izimpawu ze-arthritis yezinzwane ezinkulu zingabandakanya ubuhlungu, inzwa yokugaya, ukuqina, nokuvuvukala. Ubuhlungu be-osteoarthritis yezinzwane ezinkulu ngokuvamile buyabonakala kakhulu uma umile futhi uhamba. Abanye abantu abanesifo se-osteoarthritis sohlangothini olukhulu lwezinzwane bathuthukisa isimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-hallux rigidus, lapho kukhona ukuqina okungavamile kokubambisana, okubangele ukwandiswa kwezinyosi ezinkulu ezikhawulelwe.
Uma i-arthritis iqhubeka, ukukhula kwama-knobby okuthiwa bone spurs kungase kuthuthuke okufana ne-bunion. Umehluko yilokho ukuthi ngenkathi izinyunithi zikhula ngaphakathi kwonyawo, ibhonasi iphuma emthonjeni we-arthritis ohamba phambili ovame ukwakhiwa ngaphezulu kwesigxobo esikhulu sezinzwane. Njengamabhononi, lezi zithuthukiso zamabhondi zingakha ukukhubazeka kwe-hallux valgus lapho inzwane emikhulu ibhekisela khona emlenzeni wesibili.
Izinyathelo ezilula zokwelapha isifo samathambo ezinhlangothini ezincane zihlanganisa ukuthatha imithi yokuhlunguphaza elwa nokuvuvukala njenge-NSAID, ngaphansi kweseluleko somdokotela wakho siqu. Ungase utshelwe ukugqoka izicathulo ngomuntu oqinile noma ogoqa ohlangothini olukhulu lwezinzwane.
Ukwelashwa ngokomzimba kungasiza futhi ngezinye izikhathi i-steroid idutshulwa ekuhlanganyeleni iyadingeka ukunciphisa ubuhlungu nokuvuvukala okuhlangene. Ngokuvamile, ukuhlinzwa kuyadingeka, ukususa i-spurs bone (ebizwa ngokuthi i- cheilectomy ) noma i-bone fusion yehlangene.
Gout
I-Gout yisimo somzimba esingaba nomthelela omkhulu. I-Gout ivela lapho i- uric acid ikhiqiza egazini lomuntu, ikhiqiza amakristalu abese efakwa efakwe ehlangene, ngokuvamile ehlangene nomunwe omkhulu. Igama lezokwelapha elichaza igciwane emzimbeni omkhulu onohlangothini oluyizinyosi luyi-podagra.
Izimpawu ze-arthritis e-gout zibandakanya ukuhlanganyela okubomvu, okushisayo, nokubuhlungu okukhulu. Uma ukuhlaselwa kwe-gout kungaphenduliwe futhi kwenzeka kaningi iminyaka ethile, umonakalo ohlangene kungenzeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i- tophi ye-gout ingase ifake, okuyizinto ezibonakalayo noma ezibonakalayo zokugaya i-urate ezibonwe ngezandla.
Ngezinye izikhathi, kungaba yinkinga kudokotela ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwe-arthritis e-gouty in the big toe joint and joint joint. Kulesi simo, udokotela wakho angalawula ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuhlola amazinga we-uric acid egazini lakho. Uma kuphakanyisiwe, lokhu kungaba yinkomba yokuthi kwenzeka ukuhlaselwa kwe-gout-nakuba, lokhu akuwona umthetho onzima futhi okusheshayo, umane nje uyisici. Izikhathi eziningi udokotela uzodinga ukuthatha isampula ketshezi oluhlangene ukuze ulivivinye amakhekhedi e-uric acid futhi wenze ukuxilongwa okucacile.
Ukwelashwa kwe-gout emzimbeni omkhulu onohlangothini onobukhulu kunamaphutha amabili, ukwelapha zonke izinyosi kanye namazinga aphezulu e-uric acid egazini. Ngokwezwane, ukuhlasela okunamandla kwe-gout kungaphathwa ngemithi kadokotela ebizwa ngokuthi i-colchicine, i-anti-inflammatory (njenge-NSAID), noma i-steroids.
Ukuze unciphise igciwane futhi uvimbele ukuhlaselwa kwesikhathi esizayo, udokotela wakho cishe uzokutusa ukwehlisa isisindo uma ukhuluphele noma ukhuluphele futhi wenza izinguquko zokudla njenge:
- Ukusika ngokubomvu inyama, izilwane zasolwandle, nokuphuza utshwala
- Gwema ukudla neziphuzo nge-high-fructose corn isiraphu
- Ukwandisa uketshezi olunamafutha omncane, imifino, nokudla okuphelele okusanhlamvu ekudleni kwakho
Uma unokuhlasela okuningi kwe-gouty, udokotela wakho angase ancome imishanguzo yesidakamizwa ukunciphisa amazinga we-uric acid egazini.
Sesamoiditis
Amathambo enyawo we-samoid ngamathambo amabili amancane atholakala ngaphansi kwethambo lokuqala le-metatarsal, eduze kwesigxobo esikhulu somunwe (umhlanganisi wokuqala we-metatarsophalangeal). Bahlala ngaphakathi kwethethoni eguqule umuthi omkhulu.
Amathambo we-samoid ahlushwa ubuhlungu nokuvuvukala ebuchosheni obuyingozi noma obungapheliyo. I-Sesamoiditis ivame ukuhlotshaniswa nemisebenzi ehilela ukulinganisa ezinzwaneni noma ukugxuma, njengokudansa ibhola noma ibhola. Ukwephuka kwethambo lesamoid kungabangela izimpawu ezifanayo, ngokuvamile ngezinhlungu ezinkulu ngaphansi kwebhola lonyawo nasendaweni ngaphansi kwezinyawo ezinkulu.
I-Sesamoiditis ingaba isimo esinenkani ukuphatha ngenxa yesilinganiso sokucindezeleka okucindezelayo ebhola lezinyawo ngesikhathi sokuhamba. Eqinisweni, amacala amakhulu kakhulu we-sesamoiditis noma ukuphuka kwethambo lesamoid kungadinga ukungabi nesisindo ngezinsika noma ukuphonswa. Ukuhlukana kwe-Sesamoid kungadinga ukuhlinzwa.
I-Sesamoiditis engahlotshaniswa nokuqhekeka noma izinyembezi ezinomzimba izinyembezi zingase ziphathwe ngokuphumula emisebenzini, ukugoqa eduze kwebhola lonyawo, kanye nezindwangu zesihlangu (u-arch isekela) ukuze kunqunywe ukucindezelwa komhlabathi ebhola lonyawo. Izincomo zesikhumba zinganikezwa, njengesihlangu esikhishwe kanzima noma isicathulo se-rocker-bottom. Isihlangu esisezingeni eliphansi sinjengesihlangu esikhwameni, ngoba bobabili banomuntu owephukile owehlisa ukucindezela phansi kwezinzwane.
I-Toe ye-Turf
I-toe ye-Turf iyingozi yokulimala ehlobene nezemidlalo, futhi njenge-samoiditis ibonakala ubuhlungu phansi kwesigxobo esikhulu somunwe. Ubuhlungu bubangelwa u-sprain, okuwukulimala noma izinyembezi kuya emgodini ozinzwaneni.
Igama elithi turf toe livela ekuxhumaneni phakathi kwalokhu ukulimala kanye nemidlalo edlalwa ezakhiweni zokufakelwa, ezifana nebhola lebhola. Ukulimala kwenzeka lapho izinzwane zikhuthazelela amandla amakhulu kakhulu ngenkathi ziguquguquka, njengalapho umgijimi eqhubekela emlenzeni omkhulu lapho esika futhi egijima. Izimo ze-turf enzima, izicathulo zezemidlalo , nokucindezeleka ezinzwaneni ezisuka ekugijimeni zingase zibe nomthelela kulokhu kulimala.
Kuye ngesilinganiso sokulimala, izimpawu zivame ukufaka uhlobo oluthile lokuvuvukala, ukuguqulwa komzimba, nobuhlungu. Ukwelashwa kwe-turf izinyosi kufana ne-samoiditis, okugxila ekunciphiseni ukucindezeleka emzimbeni omkhulu ohlangene ukuze uvumele ukuphulukiswa. Ukuze kube nobunzima obunzima, iqhwa, ukuphakama, ukuvikelwa kwezinyawo, futhi ngezinye izikhathi imifino iyadingeka. Ukulimala kakhudlwana kungahle kudingeke kudluliselwe kudokotela ohlinzayo onyawo.
> Imithombo:
> I-American Academy Yabahlinzayo Bama-Orthopedic. I-arthritis ye-Foot ne-Ankle.
> I-American Academy Yabahlinzayo Bama-Orthopedic. Inyosi Enkulu (i-Hallux Rigidus).
> Becker MA. Imfundo yesineke: I-Gout (Ngaphandle Kwezingqalasizinda). Ku: UpToDate, i-Dalbeth N (Ed), UpToDate, Waltham, MA.
> Doherty M, Abhishek A. Ukubonakaliswa kwemitholampilo nokuxilongwa kwe-osteoarthritis. Ku: UpToDate, Hunter D (Ed), UpToDate, Waltham, MA.
> Fields KB. Ukuhlolisisa nokuxilongwa kwezimbangela ezivamile zentlungu ezinyaweni kubantu abadala. Ku: UpToDate, Eiff P (Ed), UpToDate, Waltham, MA.