I-Squamous Cell Carcinoma, i-Basal Cell Carcinoma, ne-Melanoma Izimpawu Zokuxwayisa
Njengoba singenayo imigomo ejwayelekile yokuhlola umdlavuza wesikhumba , abantu abaningi kudingeka bathembele ekuqapheliseni izimpawu nezimpawu zesifo ukuze babambe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Izimpawu nezimpawu ze-squamous cell carcinomas zingase zihlanganise nesilonda sesikhumba esine-wartlike ne-scaly, ngokucindezeleka (ulcer) phakathi. Amagciwane e-basal cell ngokuvamile ahlanzekile, amhlophe, noma amnyama anombala anamabala anemibala ebonakalayo.
Izimpawu ze-melanoma zivame ukufaka imvukuzane emisha noma ekhona ephethe imingcele engafani noma ukuphakama, ihlukahluka kumbala, noma iyashintsha ngezinye izindlela. Izinkinga zomdlavuza wesikhumba, njenge-metastase, zingabangela nezimpawu.
Izikhwama zesikhumba zivame kakhulu ezindaweni ezivuliwe zelanga zomzimba, kodwa zingenzeka noma kuphi. Ake sibheke izibonakaliso ezivame futhi ezingavamile zomdlavuza wesikhumba, kanye nezici ezithile zokubheka lokho okungabonisa i-melanoma.
Izimpawu Ezivamile
Ngezansi sibhala ezinye zezimpawu zomdlavuza wesikhumba, kodwa kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi umuntu ngamunye nayo yonke imdlavuza yesikhumba ihlukile. Uma unesikhumba esikhumbeni sakho esikukhathazayo, kubalulekile ukuyihlola, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi unayo noma yiziphi izimpawu ezibalulwe. Izimpawu ezivamile zihlanganisa:
I-"Spot" engavamile kulesi sikhumba
Noma yimaphi amabala amasha avela esikhumbeni angase abe ngumdlavuza wesikhumba, ucabange ukuthi ingxenye yesithathu yabantu izokwakhiwa okungenani umdlavuza owesikhumba owodwa ngesikhathi sokuphila.
Kungaba nzima ukuhlukanisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zesifo somdlavuza wesikhumba ngaphandle kwe-microscope, kodwa izici ezijwayelekile zalezi zicubu ziyahlukahluka ngezinga elithile.
- I-basal cell carcinomas ivame ukukhanya, futhi ichazwe ngokuthi "i-pearlescent." Zingaba zinyama, ziphakanyiswe, noma zifane, futhi ngokuvamile zibomvu, ziphaphathekile, noma zinemibala. Uma kuhlolwe ngokucophelela, izitsha ezincane zegazi zingabonakala uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhumba esiseduze.
- I-Squamous cell carcinomas ivame ukuphakama futhi izwe i-crusty ukuthinta. Angabonakala e-scaly, futhi angase abe nesilonda, okungukuthi, abe nokucindezeleka okuphakathi okulula futhi okuphambene nendawo kunokuzungezile. Lezi zomshukela ngezinye izikhathi ziphuza, zishaye, noma zenze isikhala.
- I-Melanoma ngokuvamile iveza njengenguquko emulenzeni okhona, noma imvukuzane emisha engavamile (bheka ngezansi).
Isifo Esingazange Siphulukise
Ama-cancer amaningi esikhumba aqala ukuxoshwa ngenxa yokulimala kwegciwane, ukulimala okuncane esikhumbeni, noma ukucasuka, kodwa kube sobala uma bengaphumi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Uma ubona isifo esikhumbeni sakho esenqaba ukuphulukisa, ngisho noma kubonakala sengathi siyaphulukisa kodwa sibuye siphinde, kufanele ukhulume nodokotela wakho. Ngokuvamile, noma yiluphi ushintsho lwesikhumba olungazange luxazulule ngokwesikhashana esikhathini esingamaviki amabili kumele luhlolwe.
Izinguquko Esikhumbeni Sezikhumba Esikhona
Amanye amakhansela esikhumba avela esikhungweni sekhanda noma imvukuzane ekhona isikhathi eside. Uma unama-freckles, ama-moles, noma ezinye izindawo zesikhumba ezishintshayo, khuluma nodokotela wakho.
Ukuzwela ku-Lesion Skin
Ngokuvamile, asinaso ukuzwa okuhambisana nama-moles noma ezinye izilonda zesikhumba. Ngomdlavuza wesikhumba, abantu bangabona ukuphika okuqhubekayo, isisa, ukuphazamiseka, ukucubungula, noma ubuhlungu.
Abanye abantu baye bachaza inzwa ngokuthi umuzwa wokuthi "izintuthwane zikhahlela esikhumbeni sabo."
Izimpawu ze-Melanoma
Kubalulekile ukwazi kahle izimpawu ezingase zibe khona ze-melanoma, njengoba lezi zifo zomdlavuza zingakhula futhi zisakaze ngokushesha, futhi kulula kakhulu ukuphatha ezinkathini zokuqala zesifo. Bangase babonise njengemvukuzane emisha, engavamile engabonakali, kodwa ngokuvamile ivela kuma-moles abekhona isikhathi eside. Kubantu abamhlophe, bavame kakhulu emilenzeni yabesifazane nangasemuva kumadoda. Kulabo abanesikhumba esimnyama, izindawo ezivame kakhulu ziyizinyawo ezinyawo, izintende zezandla, ngaphansi kwezikhonkwane nezinkuni, nasezikhungwini zamangqamuzana (ezifana nomlomo, impumulo, nezitho zangasese).
Umthetho we-ABCDE (no-F) ungasiza uma uhlola ama-moles emzimbeni wakho:
A: I-Asymmetry
Ama-freckles ajwayelekile, ama-moles, nezinye izilonda zesikhumba zivamise ukulinganisa, kanti ama-melanomas ajwayelekile njenge-asymmetric. Uma ngabe uhlukanisa i-molecule ibe yi-halves amabili, izinhlangothi ezimbili zizovela zihlukile. Akuzona zonke izindawo zesikhumba evamile, njengezikhumbuzo zokubeletha, ezilinganiselwe, kepha kunezici eziningi izidemokhali ezizicabangelayo lapho zibuka imvukuzane.
B: Umngcele
Imingcele (emaphethelweni) we-melanoma ivame ukungavamile, futhi ingase ibonakale ikhukhumezekile, ingabanjwanga, noma ibuhlungu. Lesi sifo singase sibonakale sengathi "sisakazeka," sibomvu noma ukuvuvukala endaweni esungeze i-molecule noma i-pigment emnyama ebonakala sengathi "iyavuza" emathangeni aseduze ukusuka emngceleni we-molecule.
C: Umbala
Ama-melanoma ngokuvamile anezinhlobonhlobo nemibala eminingi engafani. Lezi zingabandakanya shades of black, brown, kanye tan, nezindawo ezimhlophe, grey, obomvu, kanye blue kubonakala ngezikhathi ezithile. Amanye ama-melanomas anencazelo yeklasi yokubomvu, emhlophe, neluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ngenxa yamaphuzu alowo mbala ngaphakathi kwe-molecule eyodwa. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi imvukuzane ebonakala ikhanya endaweni eyodwa ingase ibe nje ngokuqondene neyodwa ebonakala ibumnyama endaweni eyodwa.
D: Ububanzi
Ububanzi be-melanoma kaningi bukhulu kunamamitha ayisithupha (1/4 we-intshi), noma mayelana nosayizi we-pencil eraser (noma ngaphezulu). Izilonda zesikhumba eziyilobukhulu kufanele zihlolwe ngaphandle uma zilinganiselwe nombala owodwa kuphela nemingcele ejwayelekile. Izilonda ezincane kune-eraser kufanele zihlolwe futhi uma zikhona ezinye zezimpawu ze-ABCDE.
E: Ukuguqulwa kanye / noma Ukuphakanyiswa
Incwadi E isetshenziselwe ukuchaza izici ezimbili ezihlukene ze-melanoma. Zivame ukuphakama ngaphezu kwesikhumba, futhi ukuphakama kungenzeka kube okungavamile, nezinye izingxenye eziphakanyisiwe nezinye izingxenye zendawo. I-molecule eguqukayo (eguqukayo) ibuye ihlobanise, futhi ngokuphindaphindiwe, abantu abaningi abane-melanomas bayaqaphela ukuthi imvukuzane yayilokhu ishintshe ngokwesayizi, isimo, umbala, noma ukubukeka jikelele. Uma i-melanoma ivela emulenzeni okhona, ukuthungwa kungashintsha, futhi kube nzima, lumpy, noma scaly. Nakuba isikhumba singase sihluke futhi singase siphume, siphume, noma siphume, i-melanoma ayivangeli ukubangela ubuhlungu.
F: "Funny Looking"
Ngezinye izikhathi, inhlamvu ethi "F" ingeziwe ku-mnemonic, futhi ibhekisela kwisilonda ngokuthi "ubukeka buhle." I-molecule engabonakali njengenye i-moles emzimbeni wakho, noma nje "ingabukeka kahle" kuwe, kufanele ihlolwe. Uyazi isikhumba sakho sibe ngcono kunanoma ubani, futhi kubalulekile ukwethemba intuition yakho.
Izimpawu ezingavamile
Izimpawu ezingavamile zomdlavuza wesikhumba nazo zingase zenzeke, futhi uma zengezwe ndawonye, akuzona zonke lezo ezingavamile. Ezinye zazo zihlanganisa:
Ukuguquka Ngombono
Ukushintsha embonweni, njengombono okhanyekayo ngeso elilodwa kuphela, kungaba uphawu lwe- melanoma noma i-melanoma yeso. I-melanoma ye-Ocular ilandisa ngamaphesenti angu-5 ama-melanomas futhi ivela ku-iris (i-white eye), umzimba we-ciliary, noma i-choroid. Ezinye izimpawu zingabandakanya ukubonakala kwendawo emnyama emhlophe kweso, ukulahlekelwa kombono wesiphambano, ukubona izibani ezikhanyayo, izibhakabhaka (kubona izintambo ezizungeze emgqeni wakho wombono), noma ukubomvu noma iso elilodwa.
Emigqumeni Emnyama Emigodini Yezinkuni noma Izintambo
Ukubonakala kwendawo emnyama ngaphansi komunwe noma ineneil ebonakala ngaphandle kokulimala okusobala kufanele kuhlolwe ngaso sonke isikhathi. I-Melanoma yebheyili ye-nail (subungual melanoma) ivame ukuveza njenge-longitudinal (lengthwise) streak kusukela ku-cuticle kuya kwesiphakamiso se-nail (uphawu luka-Hutchinson). Lezi zomshukela zivame kakhulu ezitsheni nasezinzwaneni ezinkulu, kodwa zingenzeka kunoma iyiphi ipikili. Nakuba ama-melanomas e-subungual engavamile kumhlophe, okubalwa ngamaphesenti angu-1 kuphela e-melanomas, iyindlela ejwayelekile kakhulu ye-melanoma etholakala kubantu abanobumnyama.
Amashadi "amasha"
Sivame ukucabanga ngegciwane lesikhumba njengezibhamu, kodwa ezinye ziyizicabha, kanti ezinye zikhona njengengcindezi esikhumbeni. I-Morpheaform basal cell carcinoma ivame ukuveza njengokucindezeleka kwesikhumba esibheka njengesikhumba.
Izinkinga
Kunezinkinga eziningi ezingase zenzeke ngomdlavuza wesikhumba. With non-melanoma isikhumba samanqamu, eziningi zazo zibangelwa ukukhula kwendawo. Nge-melanoma, izinkinga zingase zihlobene nokukhula kwendawo yomdlavuza, izidakamizwa kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, kanye nemiphumela emibi yezinketho zokwelashwa ezisetshenzisiwe. Izinkinga ezikhona zingabandakanya:
Ukwelashwa Kwesibili
Njengoba umdlavuza wesikhumba uphazamisa isivinini esivamile sokuzivikela esikhumbeni, amabhaktheriya angangena angabangela ukutheleleka kwesikhumba . Izifo zingasuka ekutheleleni okufisa okufana ne-pimple, kuya ku- cellulitis (ukutheleleka okusakazeka esikhwameni kodwa futhi kuya ekujuleni), ekutheleleni kwe-staph nezifo (ukutheleleka komzimba jikelele). Ukwelashwa komdlavuza wesikhumba kungase kuholele ekutheleleni.
Ukwehlukanisa kanye / noma ukuchithwa kwempahla
Ukwehliswa nokuhlukunyezwa kungase kwenzeke ngenxa yokukhula komdlavuza wesikhumba wedwa, noma ngenxa yokwelapha ukususa umdlavuza. Lapho izifo zomdlavuza zesikhumba zitholakala ekuqaleni, lezi zinkinga azivamile, kepha amakhemikhali avele isikhathi esithile angangena emathanjeni, abulale imizwa noma imisipha.
Lymphedema
I-Lymphedema yisimo lapho umthamo ukhiqiza khona engxenyeni yomzimba ngenxa yokonakaliswa kwamakhansela omzimba kanye nemikhumbi ye-lymphatic. Izitsha ze-lymph zisebenza ngokuqoqa uketshezi olukhululekile kwezicubu nokuletha umkhuhlane emuva emithanjeni. Uma umonakalo kwenzeka kuma-lymph nodes kanye nemikhumbi, ukwakhiwa okwesikhashana koketshezi kungabangela ukuvuvukala nokuqina kwesikhumba. Abantu abaningi bajwayele ingalo ye-lymphedema eyenziwa ngabesifazane abathile abahlinzekwe umdlavuza webele, kepha i-lymphedema ingenzeka cishe noma kuphi. Ngomdlavuza wesikhumba, kuvame kakhulu uma amantombazane e-lymph asuswa njengengxenye yokuhlinzwa, kodwa kungenzeka ngenxa yomdlavuza wodwa.
Ukuphindaphindiwe
Njengoba nje amagciwane anjengomdlavuza webele angaphinda abuyele ngemuva kokwelapha, isikhumba sekhanda singase siphindele futhi, ikakhulukazi lezo eziphambili kakhulu ngesikhathi sokuxilongwa. Ama-non-melanoma isikhumba samangqamuzana angaphinda abuyele endaweni yangakini (endaweni avela kuwo), kodwa ama-melanomas (kanye nezinye izidakamizwa ze-squamous cell) zingase zibuyele endaweni eseduze (bheka ngezansi).
Ama-Metastases
I-Metastases ayinjwayele kakhulu nge-basal cell cancers noma kumdlavuza we-cell squamous zakuqala. Amanqamu angaphezu kwe-squamous cell cells, kanye nama-melanomas, noma kunjalo, angase asakaze kwezinye izifunda zomzimba, abangela izimpawu kulezi zifunda. Kwezinye izimo, umdlavuza wesikhumba utholakala okokuqala ngokususelwa kumpawu ngenxa yemetastases.
I-melanoma ingasakazeka cishe noma yisiphi isifunda somzimba, kodwa izindawo ezivame kakhulu ze-melanoma metastases , kanye ne-squamous cell carcinoma metastases, ziyi-lymph nodes, amathambo, amaphaphu, isibindi nobuchopho.
Ukusakazeka kwalezi zomshukela emathanjeni kungabangela ukwehlisa okuholela ekuqhekekeni (ama- pathologic fractures ). Izimpawu zobuhlungu ezingemuva ezishintsha imilenze, ubuthakathaka noma obunzima emilenzeni, noma ukulahlekelwa ukulawulwa ngokugaya noma ukuhamba kwamathumbu kungaba izixwayiso zokucindezela komgogodla ngenxa yokugubha imithi emgodleni. Ukwehla kwamathambo kungabangela futhi izinga eliphezulu le-calcium egazini (i- hypercalcemia ) engabangela izinambuzane, ukuhlanza, ubuthakathaka nokudideka. Amanqamu asakazeka emaphashini angabangela ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo noma ukuphefumula. Ukusakaza kwesibindi (izibalo zesibindi) kungabangela i-jaundice, i-yellowing yesikhumba. Ama-metastase we-Brain angabangela ukukhanda ikhanda, ukuhlukunyezwa, izinguquko zombono, noma ubuthakathaka ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba.
Ukukhathazeka nokucindezeleka
Ukubukeka kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuziphatheni, futhi amakhemikhali akhona ezindaweni ezibonakala kwabanye angabangela ukukhathazeka nokucindezeleka. Ngenhlanhla, ukuhlinzwa kwepulasitiki, uma kudingeka, kungenza umsebenzi ophawulekayo ekubuyiseleni ukubukeka.
Nini Ukubona Udokotela
Uma ubona noma yiziphi izimpawu noma izimpawu zomdlavuza wesikhumba okukhulunywe ngenhla, yenza i-aphoyintimenti ukuze ubone udokotela wakho. I-dermatologist ingahlola isikhumba sakho, futhi unqume ukuthi i-biopsy iyadingeka yini. Akuvamile ukuthi abantu bayeke ukufuna usizo lwezokwelashwa ngomdlavuza wesikhumba, kodwa ekuqaleni lezi zingqimba zitholakale, ziba ngcono imiphumela. Uma ukuthola i-melanoma kusenesikhathi kungenza umehluko ekusindeni, ngisho namancansi esikhumba angeke awonakele ngokuvamile adinga izindlela eziningi zokuhlinzeka, ngakho-ke ukungasebenzi kahle, uma kuvunyelwe ukukhula kungahlosiwe.
> Imithombo:
> Society of American of Clinical Oncology. I-Cancer.Net. I-Melanoma: Izimpawu nezibonakaliso. Kubuyekezwe 06/17.
> Society of American of Clinical Oncology. I-Cancer.Net. I-Skin Cancer (Okungeyona-Melanoma): Izimpawu Nezimpawu. Kubuyekezwe 12/16.
> U-Richard PJB, uHamish JA Hunter, noMargaret W. Mann. Izidakamizwa zemithi . I-Chichester (West Sussex): UJohn Wiley & Sons Inc., 2015. Phrinta.