Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zama-tonsils-amathoni ama-pharyngeal, noma ama-adenoids, aselempeni; ama-tonsils amathanga, asekuqaleni komphimbo wakho futhi kungenzeka ukuthi ucabangani uma uzwa igama elithi "amathoni"; kanye namathoni angama-lingual, asemkhawulweni wolimi. Kulezi ziqoqo ezintathu zamatoni, ama-tonsils anamapulangwe angase abe yingozi (umdlavuza).
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zomdlavuza othinta ama-tonsils: squamous cell carcinoma kanye ne-lymphoma. Imithwalo yemdlavuza ibhekwa njengesimo se- oropharyngeal (ngomlomo) umdlavuza.
Izimpawu Ze-Canon Canon
Uzobona ukuthi ezinye izimpawu zomdlavuza we-tonsil zifana kakhulu nezimpawu ze-strep throat . Kodwa-ke, imfucuza ye-strep ivame kakhulu kubantu abaneminyaka engama-5 kuya kwengu-15, kanti umdlavuza ovame kakhulu uthinta abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50.
- Izilonda ngemuva komlomo noma umphimbo ongawuphulukisi
- Ukuvuvukala amathoni angalingani ngobukhulu (eyodwa inkulu kakhulu kunenye)
- Ubuhlungu bomlomo abuhambanga
- Izindlebe
- Kunzima futhi / noma ubuhlungu uma kugwinya
- Ubuhlungu lapho udla izithelo ze-citrus
- Ihla entanyeni
- Ubuhlungu bemisipha
- Umkhuhlane ongeke uhambe
- Amathe aphethwe igazi
- Umoya omubi
Izingozi Zezingozi
Abanye abantu banamathuba amaningi okuthola umdlavuza we-tonsil ngenxa yokukhetha kokuphila noma ezinye izimo. Kungenzeka ukuthi uthole umdlavuza we-tonsil uma uphuza utshwala noma ubhema, unesifo segciwane lesandulela ngculaza noma i-HIV, noma uneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50 ubudala noma ngaphezulu (nakuba umdlavuza ungabonakala nganoma yisiphi isikhathi).
Ubuye uthole amathuba okuthola umdlavuza we-tonsil uma ungumuntu noma uke waba nokufakelwa kwesitho .
Ukuxilongwa
Odokotela basebenzisa amathuluzi ahlukene ukuze abasize bahlolisise umdlavuza wamathani. Isinyathelo sokuqala sale nqubo ukuthola umlando wezempilo onembile kusuka kuwe. Udokotela wakho uzobe esekuhlola. Emva kwalokhu, uma kunesidingo, udokotela wakho cishe uzohlehlisa eyodwa noma ngaphezulu kokuhlolwa okulandelayo.
- Isifiso esihle senaliti (isisindo esincane samathambo sithathwe ngamathoni angenaliti futhi amangqamuzana ahlolwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope)
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi
- X-ray
- I-MRI
- Iskena se-PET
Isiteji
Ukuhlukanisa i-khansa ngezigaba ezine kuvumela ochwepheshe bezempilo ukuthi babonise ukuthi umdlavuza usuqhubeke kangakanani ngendlela ecacile futhi ecacile. Kodwa lokhu kungase kube usizo kumdokotela wakho, kungase kukudideke kakhulu kuwe. Yilokhu okushiwo yizigaba ezahlukene.
- Isigaba I: Umdlavuza omncane (ongaphansi kwe-2 cm), uvalwe endaweni eyodwa, futhi awusakazeki emagqumeni aseduze.
- Isigaba II: Umdlavuza uphakathi kuka-2 kuya ku-4 cm kodwa awusakazeki.
- Isigaba III: Umdlavuza mkhulu kunezingu 4 cm futhi usakaze endaweni eyodwa ye-lymph node ehlangothini olufanayo entanyeni njenge-tumor. I- lymph node ithatha ama-3 cm noma ngaphansi.
- Isigaba IV: Lesi sigaba esiyinkimbinkimbi kunazo zonke kanye nesimo esibi kakhulu. Ngomdlavuza wesigaba se-IV, noma yikuphi kwezinto ezilandelayo kungase kube yiqiniso:
- Umdlavuza usakaze ezindaweni ezizungezile zomphimbo noma umlomo kanye / noma ngaphezulu kwe- lymph nodes .
- Liye lasakazeka kumuntu owodwa we- lymph node olinganisa ngaphezu kuka-6 cm.
- Liye lasakazeka kwelinye lymph node kolunye uhlangothi oluhlukile entanyeni njenge-tumor.
- Umdlavuza usakazekele kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.
Ukwelashwa Kwe-Canon Tonsil
Imali yokwelashwa oyitholayo ngesimo sakho iyoxhomekeka kunoma yiliphi isigaba somdlavuza onomdlavuza onayo, unjani uhlobo lwakho, nokuthi ulaka kangakanani wena nodokotela wakho ongathanda ukuba khona uma kuziwa kokwelashwa.
Ngokuvamile, izinhlobo ezintathu zokwelashwa zisetshenziswa:
- Ukuhlinzwa: Iziguli eziningi zizodinga ukuhlinzwa ukuze zisuse izicubu zomdlavuza. Abanye abantu abanomdlavuza wesigaba se-I noma II bangase bangadingi ukwelashwa okungaphezu kwalokhu, nakuba ama-radiation angase anconywe ngoba enye isifo somdlavuza ongasala ingakhula ibe esinye isisu.
- Umswakama: Ngemva kokuhlinzwa, iziguli eziningi zithola imisebe ukuze zibulale noma yiziphi izicubu zomdlavuza ezisele. Kunezinhlobo eziningana zemisebe kanye nokuthi yini esetshenzisiwe iyoxhomeka esimeni sakho esithile.
- I-Chemotherapy: Uma unomdlavuza wesigaba sesi-III noma u-IV, cishe uzodinga i-chemotherapy. Ukwelashwa okusha okuthiwa i- induction chemotherapy kusetshenziselwa ukunciphisa izicubu.
Odokotela abaningi bayakuncoma ukwelashwa okuncane okulandelwa yimisebe yendawo. Abanye odokotela basebenzise i-hyperthermia (ukushisa umzimba ekushiseni okuphezulu ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza). Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zitholakalayo, kodwa inkampani yakho yomshuwalense ayikwazi ukuyikhokhela. Imithi yokwelapha iyabiza kakhulu ngaphandle kokuba uhlanganyela esifundweni samanje.
Kunezindlela eziningi zokwelashwa okuphelele kanye nesayensi ezingenasiphakamiso ezinikezwe emhlabeni jikelele; lezi zelashwa kufanele zikhokhwe ngaphandle kwephaketheni, zingabiza kakhulu, futhi akukho isiqinisekiso sokuthi bazosebenza. Ngeshwa, umdlavuza unomdla kakhulu kunamanye eminye eminye yemilenze / umlomo kanomdlavuza. Uma ebanjwe ezinyathelweni zakuqala, abantu abaningi bayakwazi ukushaya umdlavuza.
I-HPV Connection
Kuye kwaba nokwanda komdlavuza wekhanda nentamo ngenxa ye-HPV (isifo se-papilloma virus). Lona igciwane elifanayo elidala umdlavuza wesibeletho. Ngokomlando, umdlavuza wekhanda nentamo ubhekwa njengengavamile futhi ngokuvamile kubangelwa ukubhema ugwayi, ukubhema ngokweqile nokusebenzisa izidakamizwa ezidakayo, kodwa phakathi kuka-1984 no-2004, inani lekhanda lekhanda lezintambo ezenziwa i-HPV kathathu. Ngo-2004, amacala ayisikhombisa kwabayishumi ekhanda nekhanda emdlavuza abangwa yi-HPV. Kukholelwa ukuthi igciwane ngokuvamile lisakazwa ngezocansi ezingalondekile zomlomo.
"I-lining silver" (okushoyo) yilezi zifo ze-HPV-positive ezithinta kakhulu ukwelashwa kunamanye amagciwane ekhanda nentamo. Ngenkathi amagciwane e-HPV anyukile, ezinye izinhlobo zekhanda lezinqamu zekhanda nentamo ziyehlile . kukhona imishanguzo ye-HPV etholakalayo futhi ukudluliselwa kungavinjelwa ngokusebenzisa amakhondomu .
> Imithombo:
> I-American Cancer Society. Ukunyuka Emalini Omdlavuza We-Cancer Oqondiswe ku-HPV. https://www.cancer.org/
> I-American Cancer Society. Amaphesenti okuphunyuka kwe-Oral Cavity ne-Oropharyngeal Cancer ngesigaba. https://www.cancer.org/cancer/oral-cavity-and-oropharyngeal-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/survival-rates.html
> Imisedari-iSinayi. I-Canon Canon. http://www.cedars-sinai.edu/Patients/Health-Conditions/Tonsil-Cancer.aspx
> National Cancer Institute. (2015). Iphepha Lokushicilela I-Cancer. https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/diagnosis-staging/staging
> National Cancer Institute. (2011). I-hyperthermia ku-Cancer Treatment. https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/surgery/hyperthermia-fact-sheet