Ngokuningiliziwe kwe-Carbon Monoxide Poisoning

Amathiphu Okungcono Ukuzivikela Wena Nomndeni Wakho

I-carbon dioxide monoxide ivela lapho uphefumula nge-carbon monoxide kakhulu (CO), igesi elingenakubala, elingenakuvutha elikhiqizwa ukushisa kwamafutha. Izimpawu zihlanganisa ikhanda, isizungu, ubuthakathaka, ukuhlanza, ubuhlungu besifuba nokudideka. Ukwehliswa ngokweqile kwe-CO kungaholela ekutheni kube nokungahambi kahle kwenhliziyo, ukugubha, ukungazi, ngisho nokufa.

I-Carbon monoxide poisoning ingatholakala nge-CO-oximeter, idivaysi engeyona imvelo eyenza i-CO compounds egazini. Ukwelashwa ngokuvamile kuhilela umoya ophefumulayo owenziwe nge-mask engeyona ejikelezayo. Amacala amabi angadingeka ukwelashwa ekamelweni elincane le-oxygen.

I-Carbon monoxide poisoning ivame kakhulu e-US enezingcingo ezivame ukwakhiwa kwegumbi eliphuthumayo elingama-20,000 unyaka ngamunye. Kungenziwa ikakhulukazi igwenywe ngama-alamu angabizi kodwa asebenzayo ase-carbon monoxide afakwe ekhaya.

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Izimpawu

I-Carbon monoxide poisoning izobonakala ngezimpawu ezingxenyeni zomzimba ezidinga i-oksijeni kakhulu, okungukuthi inhliziyo kanye nesistimu ye - central central (CNS) . Izimpawu zokuqala ngokuvamile zihlanganisa ukuhlukumeza, ukugula, ukukhathala, nokukhanda okungapheli kodwa okuqhubekayo.

Njengoba i-CO iqhubeka nokwakha egazini, ukuchithwa kwe-oksijeni ezinhlobonhlobo kuzosusa ukuqhuma okuqhubekayo kwezimpawu, kubandakanya:

• Isizungu
• Ukuphefumula ( dyspnea )
• Ubuhlungu besifuba
• Ukuvota
• Isilinganiso senhliziyo esingavamile (i- arrhythmia ) noma isilinganiso senhliziyo esisheshayo (i- tachycardia )
• I-gait engazinzile
• Ukudideka
• Ukunciphisa izinga lokuphefumula
• Nciphisa isilinganiso senhliziyo
• Delirium
• Ukuzizwa
• Ukungaboni

Ukufa ngokuvamile kubangelwa ukuboshwa okuphefumulayo .

Ngisho nangemva kokuba umuntu aphathwe nge-CO, ukhona ingozi yokubhekana nezinkinga zesikhathi eside, ngisho nokuhlala unomphela, kuhlanganise nezinkinga zememori, ukucasula, ukucindezeleka, ukuphazamiseka kwenkulumo, ukulahleka kombono, ukuhlukumezeka kwengqondo, kanye nezimpawu ezinjenge- Parkinson .

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Izimbangela

I-carbon monoxide ingena kalula emzimbeni ngokusebenzisa amaphaphu. Njengoba i-CO idluliselwa engxenyeni yegazi, izobopha ngokukhethekileyo i- hemoglobin , iphrotheni emangqamuzana egazi abomvu aphethwe ukuthutha umoya-mpilo kulo lonke umzimba. Ngokwenza kanjalo, i-CO ivimbela umoya-mpilo ukuba ungene ezicukwaneni namaseli adinga ukuthi aphile.

I-carbon monoxide iyinhlangano yemvelo yokushisa. Amacala amaningi obuthi abangelwa yi-inhalation yegesi njengoba esheshayo eqoqa isikhala esivinjelwe (ngokuvamile ngenxa yokuphuza umoya).

Imithombo evamile ye-CO ihlanganisa:

• Izitofu ezishisayo
• Umlilo wendlu
• Imoto idonsa imfucuza
• I-gas noma i-propane izitofu nama-grills
• Ama-grills wamalahle nama-hibachis
• I-propane, i-kerosene, noma i-heat space space heaters
• Ama-generator kagesi anikwe amandla kagesi
• Ama-dryer izingubo zokugqoka

Ukugibela ngemuva kweloli yokupaka kuyimbangela evamile ye-carbon monoxide ushevu ezinganeni. Ngokufanayo, ukuxosha imoto yakho ebusika kungabhekana nabagibeli uma ipayipi yokukhipha ivinjelwe iqhwa. Eqinisweni, noma iyiphi i-perforation ekukhuphukeni kwezimoto noma isikebhe ingavumela i-CO ukuba ikhuphule ingaphakathi.

Uketshezi lwe-carbon monoxide lungase kwenzeke ngenhloso. Ngokusho kocwaningo olwanyatheliswa ku-Annal we-American Thoracic Society, abantu abangu-831 abazibulala ngokubulala ngo-2014 babangelwa ukushiswa kwe-carbon monoxide, kungaba yimfucumfucu yomlilo noma umthombo oshisayo wamafutha endlini.

Ngalokho kuthiwa, ukuzibulala ngale ndlela kuye kwayehla kusukela ngo-1975 lapho umthetho wesifundazwe ubeka ukufakwa kwabaguquli be-catalytic kuzo zonke izimoto.

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Ukuxilongwa

Ngaphandle kokuba i-carbon monoxide ibhekwe njengimbangela yezibonakaliso zakho, kungase kutholakale kahle uma ufika ekamelweni eliphuthumayo. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukululeka udokotela we-ER ngezinsolo zakho uma ukholelwa ukuthi i-CO ihilelekile.

Ukuxilongwa kufana nokuqondile. Kuhilela iphenyo engeyona intsha, ebizwa nge-CO-oximeter, engabekwa emunwe, onozinyo, noma kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. I-oximeter iqukethe ama-diode amabili aphuma emigodini ekhanyayo yama-wavelengths ahlukene. Inani lokukhanya elibanjwe yizicubu lingatshela odokotela ukuthi i-carboxyhemoglobin engakanani (isakhi esakhiwe yi-CO ebophayo ne-hemoglobin) egazini.

Ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile, uzoba ne-carboxyhemoglobin engaphansi kuka-5 uma kuqhathaniswa ne-hemoglobin yamahhala. Ubuthi buyenzeka uma izinga liphakathi kwamaphesenti ayishumi namaphesenti angu-30. Ukufa kungenzeka emazingeni angaphezu kwamaphesenti angu-30.

Amapayipi amaningi avamile awawusizo ngoba ahluleka ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwe-carboxyhemoglobin ne-oxyhemoglobin (i-compound eyenziwe ukubopha oksijini ne-hemoglobin).

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Ukwelapha

Uma kucatshangwa ukuthi i-carbon monoxide poisoning, isinyathelo sokuqala sokuthatha isinyathelo ukuzisusa wena nabanye emithonjeni ye-CO. Ngisho noma izimpawu zincane, ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo kufanele kwenziwe.

Ukwelashwa kungase kuhilele ukuphathwa kwe-oksijeni ecindezelekile nge-mask engeyona ejikelezayo. Ngokwandisa amazinga e-oxygen egazini, i-CO ingasuswa emzimbeni izikhathi ezine ngokushesha kunayo. I-oxygenation ingakwazi ukuqeda i-carboxyhemoglobin futhi ikhulule i-hemoglobin emuva kwegazi.

Ezimweni ezimbi, kungasetshenziswa igumbi le-hyperbaric, elingahambisa i-100% oksijini endaweni ephezulu yokucindezela. I-oksijeni yama-hyperbaric ikhipha i-CO egazini cishe izikhathi ezine ngokushesha kune-oksijini enikezwe ngcindezi evamile yomkhathi. Ibuye ivumele umoya-mpilo ukuba uhambisane ne-hemoglobin futhi ihanjiswe ngqo kumathishu.

Ukwengeza oksijeni, ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zingadingeka, kufaka phakathi:

• Ukusekelwa kwempilo ye-cardiac ukuphatha ama-arrhythmias ayingozi
• Uketshezi okukhiphayo ukuphatha i-hypotension
• I-bicarbonate ye-sodium engenayo i-sodium bicarbonate yokuphatha i-metabolic acidosis (ukwakheka kwe-acids egazini ngenxa yokusebenza kwezinso eziphethwe)
• I-Valium (diazepam) noma i-Dantrium (i-dantrolene) yokwelashwa
• Imithi ye-Vasopressor yokwehlisa imithwalo yegazi nokuzinzisa umsebenzi wezinhliziyo ocindezelekile

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Ukuvimbela

Izindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokuvimbela ekhaya yi-alamu ye-carbon monoxide. Zitholakala kalula ku-intanethi nakwezitolo eziningi ze-hardware, kusukela kumanani avela ku-$ 20 ukuze kuqashwe i-plug-in ku-$ 80 ngenhlanganisela ye-CO / ye-alamu.

IKhomishana Yezokuphepha Komkhiqizo Wabathengi base-United States (CPSC) isincoma ukuthi yonke imizi ine okungenani umtshina we-CO eyodwa futhi mhlawumbe eyodwa endaweni ngayinye.

Phakathi kwamanye amathiphu wokuphepha anconyiwe:

• Qiniseka ukuthi imishini yakho yegesi ifakwe kahle.
• Yenza uhlelo lwakho lokushisa, ukushisa kwamanzi, nanoma yimuphi umshini oshisa amalahle noma oshisayo wamalahle unyaka ngamunye.
• Ungalokothi usebenzise i-generator kagesi ngaphakathi kwendlu, igaraji, noma ngaphansi kwezinyawo ezingu-20 kusuka kunoma yiliphi iwindi, umnyango, noma ukuphuma.
• Ngabe umkhumbi wakho uhlolile futhi uhlanza njalo ngonyaka.
• Vula isikhala semoto ngaphambi kokukhanyisa umlilo kanye nomthombo ngemuva kokuqedwa.
• Ungalokothi usebenzise i-oven gas ukushisa ikhaya lakho.
• Ungalokothi uvumele imoto ingasebenzi egaraji.
• Yazi izimpawu ze-carbon monoxide poisoning.

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Izwi elivela

Uma i-alamu yakho ye-carbon monoxide ihamba, ungalokothi ucabange ukuthi yileli alamu yamanga ngisho noma ungenayo izimpawu. Ngenxa yokuthi i-CO ayinambitheki futhi ayinangqondo, kudingeka ucabange ukuthi ingozi ingokoqobo futhi ithathe isinyathelo esifanele.

Okokuqala futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, ungabheke umthombo wegesi. I-CPSC esikhundleni sincoma ukuthi:

• Masinyane hamba ngaphandle emoyeni omusha.
• Shayela umnyango womlilo, izinsizakalo eziphuthumayo, noma 911.
• Yenza inani eliyinhloko lokuhlola ukuqinisekisa ukuthi wonke umuntu uyabhaliswa.
• Ungaphindi ufake lesi sakhiwo kuze kube yizimpendulo eziphuthumayo ezikunika imvume yokwenza kanjalo.

> Imithombo:

> Hampson, N .; I-Piantodosi, iC .; Thom, S. et al. Izincomo Zokuzijwayeza Ekuxilongweni, Ukuphathwa Nokuvimbela I-Carbon Monoxide Poisoning. I-Amer J Respirator iCrit Care Med. 2012; 186 (11). I-DOI: 10.1164 / rccm.201207-1284CI.

> Hampson, NUS Ukufa ngenxa ye-Carbon Monoxide Poisoning, 1999-2014. Ukufa Ngengozi Nokuzibulala. U-Annal Amer Thoracic Soc. 2016; 13 (4): 1768-74. I-DOI: 10.1513 / AnnalsATS.201604-318OC.

> IKhomishini Yokuphepha Komkhiqizo Wabasebenzisi base-US. I-Carbon Monoxide Fact Sheet. Bethesda, Maryland.